1实现环境

虚拟机（我用的VMware Workstation Pro）
Ubantu20.04
安装QEMU

注意必须使用ubuntu20.04版本，因为后面安装RISC-V交叉编译工具时，某个文件只有ubuntu20.04才有镜像源

2更换源

#2.1 首先备份源列表
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup

#2.2 打开sources.list文件
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

#2.3
#中科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

#添加阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#添加清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse multiverse

#2.4刷新列表
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install build-essential

3.安装RISC-V交叉编译工具

sudo apt install git build-essential gdb-multiarch qemu-system-misc gcc-riscv64-linux-gnu binutils-riscv64-linux-gnu libglib2.0-dev libpixman-1-dev gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf

4.安装QEMU

在主目录下安装qemu

wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-5.1.0.tar.xz

tar xvf qemu-5.1.0.tar.xz

cd qemu-5.1.0

./configure --disable-kvm --disable-werror --prefix=/usr/local --target-list="riscv64-softmmu"

make

sudo make install

5.检测安装

riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc --version

预期：riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc (GCC) 10.1.0

qemu-system-riscv64 --version

预期：QEMU emulator version 5.1.0

6.下载源码

git clone git://g.csail.mit.edu/xv6-labs-2020
cd xv6-labs-2020
git checkout util


预期：
Branch 'util' set up to track remote branch 'util' from 'origin'.
      Switched to a new branch 'util'

#在项目目录下编译
make
make qemu
ls

#ctrl+a再按x退出qemu

7.检查调试工具

需要开启两个窗口，都是在xv6源码目录下

1.make qemu-gdb

make CPUS=1 qemu-gdb
sed "s/:1234/:26000/" < .gdbinit.tmpl-riscv > .gdbinit

如果第一次使用则需要在终端添加（具体的不记得了，在主目录和xv6目录下都添加下面代码则没错）

echo set auto-load safe-path / >> ~/.gdbinit

2.gdb-multiarch

gdb-multiarch -q kernel/kernel

8.安装vim

为了便于调试，则安装vim并配置vim

sudo apt install vim


#Vim配置
sudo vim /etc/vim/vimrc

##常用配置（其余配置可自行查找）
 
set ai                    自动缩进，与上一行保持一致的自动空格
set ic                    在查询模型与匹配模式下忽略大小写
set number                左侧显示行号
set showmatch             显示括号配对，并高亮显示相匹配的括号
set showmode              文本输入模型下，加亮显示模式指示器
set showcmd               在状态栏显示所执行的指令，未完成的指令片段
set warn                  长行显示自动折行
set cindent               以C/C++模式缩进
set ruler                 打开状态栏标尺
set scrolloff=6           设置光标离窗口上下6行时窗口自动滚动
set tabstop=4             设置Tab长度为4
set wrap                  自动换行显示
syntax enable
syntax on                 自动语法高亮


#常用命令
##打开文件
vim [文件路径]/[文件名]
 
##打开并有编辑权限
sudo vim [文件路径]/[文件名]