C++11并发指南二(stdthread详解)
文章目录
- C++11并发指南二(stdthread详解)
- std::thread 构造
- move 赋值操作
- 其他成员函数
上一篇博客《 C++11 并发指南一(C++11 多线程初探)》中只是提到了 std::thread 的基本用法,并给出了一个最简单的例子,本文将稍微详细地介绍 std::thread 的用法。
std::thread 在 头文件中声明,因此使用 std::thread 时需要包含 头文件。
std::thread 构造
default (1) | thread() noexcept; |
---|---|
initialization (2) | template <class Fn, class... Args> explicit thread (Fn&& fn, Args&&... args); |
copy [deleted] (3) | thread (const thread&) = delete; |
move (4) | thread (thread&& x) noexcept; |
- (1). 默认构造函数,创建一个空的 thread 执行对象。
- (2). 初始化构造函数,创建一个 thread对象,该 thread对象可被 joinable,新产生的线程会调用 fn 函数,该函数的参数由 args 给出。
- (3). 拷贝构造函数(被禁用),意味着 thread 不可被拷贝构造。
- (4). move 构造函数,move 构造函数,调用成功之后 x 不代表任何 thread 执行对象。
- 注意:可被 joinable 的 thread 对象必须在他们销毁之前被主线程 join 或者将其设置为 detached.
std::thread 各种构造函数例子如下(参考):
[](javascript:void(0)😉
#include <iostream>
#include <utility>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
#include <functional>
#include <atomic>
void f1(int n)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
std::cout << "Thread " << n << " executing\n";
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
}
}
void f2(int& n)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
std::cout << "Thread 2 executing\n";
++n;
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
}
}
int main()
{
int n = 0;
std::thread t1; // t1 is not a thread
std::thread t2(f1, n + 1); // pass by value
std::thread t3(f2, std::ref(n)); // pass by reference
std::thread t4(std::move(t3)); // t4 is now running f2(). t3 is no longer a thread
t2.join();
t4.join();
std::cout << "Final value of n is " << n << '\n';
}
[](javascript:void(0)😉
move 赋值操作
move (1) | thread& operator= (thread&& rhs) noexcept; |
---|---|
copy [deleted] (2) | thread& operator= (const thread&) = delete; |
- (1). move 赋值操作,如果当前对象不可 joinable,需要传递一个右值引用(rhs)给 move 赋值操作;如果当前对象可被 joinable,则 terminate() 报错。
- (2). 拷贝赋值操作被禁用,thread 对象不可被拷贝。
请看下面的例子:
[](javascript:void(0)😉
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <chrono> // std::chrono::seconds
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <thread> // std::thread, std::this_thread::sleep_for
void thread_task(int n) {
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(n));
std::cout << "hello thread "
<< std::this_thread::get_id()
<< " paused " << n << " seconds" << std::endl;
}
/*
* === FUNCTION =========================================================
* Name: main
* Description: program entry routine.
* ========================================================================
*/
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
std::thread threads[5];
std::cout << "Spawning 5 threads...\n";
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
threads[i] = std::thread(thread_task, i + 1);
}
std::cout << "Done spawning threads! Now wait for them to join\n";
for (auto& t: threads) {
t.join();
}
std::cout << "All threads joined.\n";
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
} /* ---------- end of function main ---------- */
[](javascript:void(0)😉
其他成员函数
-
get_id
获取线程 ID。
-
joinable
检查线程是否可被 join。
-
join
Join 线程。
-
detach
Detach 线程
-
swap
Swap 线程 。
-
native_handle
返回 native handle。
-
hardware_concurrency [static]
andle/)
返回 native handle。
-
hardware_concurrency [static]
检测硬件并发特性。