知识点：什么是掌控板？
掌控板是一块普及STEAM创客教育、人工智能教育、机器人编程教育的开源智能硬件。它集成ESP-32高性能双核芯片，支持WiFi和蓝牙双模通信，可作为物联网节点，实现物联网应用。同时掌控板上集成了OLED显示屏、RGB灯、加速度计、麦克风、光线传感器、蜂鸣器、按键开关、触摸开关、金手指外部拓展接口，支持图形化及MicroPython代码编程，可实现智能机器人、创客智造作品等智能控制类应用。
掌控板硬件特性:
ESP-32主控
处理器：Tensilica LX6双核处理器（一核处理高速连接；一核独立应用开发）
主频：高达240MHz的时钟频率
SRAM：520KB
Flash：8MB
Wi-Fi标准：FCC/CE/TELEC/KCC
Wi-Fi协议：802.11 b/g/n/d/e/i/k/r (802.11n，速度高达150 Mbps)，A-MPDU和A-MSDU聚合，支持0.4us防护间隔
频率范围：2.4~2.5 GHz
蓝牙协议：符合蓝牙v4.2 BR/EDR和BLE标准
蓝牙音频：CVSD和SBC音频低功耗：10uA
供电方式：Micro USB供电
工作电压：3.3V
最大工作电流:200mA
最大负载电流:1000mA
掌控板载
三轴加速度计MSA300,测量范围:±2/4/8/16G
地磁传感器MMC5983MA,测量范围:±8 Gauss;精度0.4mGz,电子罗盘误差±0.5°
光线传感器
麦克风
3 颗全彩ws2812灯珠
1.3英寸OLED显示屏，支持16*16字符显示，分辨率128x64
无源蜂鸣器
支持2个物理按键(A/B)、6个触摸按键
支持1路鳄鱼夹接口，可方便接入各种阻性传感器
拓展接口
20通道数字I/O， (其中支持12路PWM，6路触摸输入)
5通道12bit模拟输入ADC，P0~P4
1路的外部输入鳄鱼夹接口:EXT/GND
支持I2C、UART、SPI通讯协议
15、倾斜和摇晃的一双眼睛
#MicroPython动手做（20）——掌控板之三轴加速度
#倾斜和摇晃的一双眼睛（应用字典函数）
#MicroPython动手做（20）——掌控板之三轴加速度
#倾斜和摇晃的一双眼睛（应用字典函数）
from mpython import *
from machine import Timer
import time
_is_shaked = _is_thrown = False
_last_x = _last_y = _last_z = _count_shaked = _count_thrown = 0
def on_shaked():pass
def on_thrown():pass
tim11 = Timer(11)
def timer11_tick(_):
global _is_shaked, _is_thrown, _last_x, _last_y, _last_z, _count_shaked, _count_thrown
if _is_shaked:
_count_shaked += 1
if _count_shaked == 5: _count_shaked = 0
if _is_thrown:
_count_thrown += 1
if _count_thrown == 10: _count_thrown = 0
if _count_thrown > 0: return
x=accelerometer.get_x(); y=accelerometer.get_y(); z=accelerometer.get_z()
_is_thrown = (x * x + y * y + z * z < 0.25)
if _is_thrown: on_thrown();return
if _last_x == 0 and _last_y == 0 and _last_z == 0:
_last_x = x; _last_y = y; _last_z = z; return
diff_x = x - _last_x; diff_y = y - _last_y; diff_z = z - _last_z
_last_x = x; _last_y = y; _last_z = z
if _count_shaked > 0: return
_is_shaked = (diff_x * diff_x + diff_y * diff_y + diff_z * diff_z > 1)
if _is_shaked: on_shaked()
tim11.init(period=100, mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=timer11_tick)
_dir = ''
def on_tilt_forward():pass
def on_tilt_back():pass
def on_tilt_right():pass
def on_tilt_left():pass
def on_tilt_none():pass
tim14 = Timer(14)
def timer14_tick(_):
global _dir
if accelerometer.get_x() < -0.3:
if 'F' != _dir:_dir = 'F';on_tilt_forward()
elif accelerometer.get_x() > 0.3:
if 'B' != _dir:_dir = 'B';on_tilt_back()
elif accelerometer.get_y() < -0.3:
if 'R' != _dir:_dir = 'R';on_tilt_right()
elif accelerometer.get_y() > 0.3:
if 'L' != _dir:_dir = 'L';on_tilt_left()
else:
if '' != _dir:_dir = '';on_tilt_none()
tim14.init(period=200, mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=timer14_tick)
def on_tilt_forward():
global face, dt_faces
face = dt_faces.get("Up")
def on_tilt_back():
global face, dt_faces
face = dt_faces.get("Down")
def on_tilt_left():
global face, dt_faces
face = dt_faces.get("Left")
def on_tilt_right():
global face, dt_faces
face = dt_faces.get("Right")
def on_tilt_none():
global face, dt_faces
face = dt_faces.get("Neutral")
image_picture = Image()
dt_faces = {"Neutral":image_picture.load('face/Eyes/Neutral.pbm', 0), "Up":image_picture.load('face/Eyes/Up.pbm', 0), "Down":image_picture.load('face/Eyes/Down.pbm', 0), "Left":image_picture.load('face/Eyes/Middle left.pbm', 0), "Right":image_picture.load('face/Eyes/Middle right.pbm', 0), "Dizzy":image_picture.load('face/Eyes/Dizzy.pbm', 0)}
face = dt_faces.get("Neutral")
while True:
oled.fill(0)
if _is_shaked:
oled.blit(dt_faces.get("Dizzy"), 20, 0)
oled.show()
time.sleep_ms(2000)
else:
oled.blit(face, 20, 0)
oled.show()
字典
字典是一种可变容器模型，且可存储任意类型对象，格式如 d = {key1 : value1, key2 : value2}，键必须是唯一的，但值则不必。
mPython X 图形编程
16、水平仪和测量角度
#MicroPython动手做（20）——掌控板之三轴加速度
#水平仪和测量角度
#MicroPython动手做（20）——掌控板之三轴加速度
#水平仪和测量角度
from mpython import *
import math
import framebuf
import font.dvsm_12
import time
def get_tilt_angle(_axis):
_Ax = accelerometer.get_x()
_Ay = accelerometer.get_y()
_Az = accelerometer.get_z()
if 'X' == _axis:
_T = math.sqrt(_Ay ** 2 + _Az ** 2)
if _Az < 0: return math.degrees(math.atan2(_Ax , _T))
else: return 180 - math.degrees(math.atan2(_Ax , _T))
elif 'Y' == _axis:
_T = math.sqrt(_Ax ** 2 + _Az ** 2)
if _Az < 0: return math.degrees(math.atan2(_Ay , _T))
else: return 180 - math.degrees(math.atan2(_Ay , _T))
elif 'Z' == _axis:
_T = math.sqrt(_Ax ** 2 + _Ay ** 2)
if (_Ax + _Ay) < 0: return 180 - math.degrees(math.atan2(_T , _Az))
else: return math.degrees(math.atan2(_T , _Az)) - 180
return 0
def display_font(_font, _str, _x, _y, _wrap, _z=0):
_start = _x
for _c in _str:
_d = _font.get_ch(_c)
if _wrap and _x > 128 - _d[2]: _x = _start; _y += _d[1]
if _c == '1' and _z > 0: oled.fill_rect(_x, _y, _d[2], _d[1], 0)
oled.blit(framebuf.FrameBuffer(bytearray(_d[0]), _d[2], _d[1],
framebuf.MONO_HLSB), (_x+int(_d[2]/_z)) if _c=='1' and _z>0 else _x, _y)
_x += _d[2]
while True:
Tx = get_tilt_angle('X')
oled.fill(0)
display_font(font.dvsm_12, (str(" Angle :") + str(Tx)), 0, 0, False)
oled.circle(64, 60, 46, 1)
oled.fill_circle(64, 60, 5, 1)
Dx = int((64 + math.cos(math.radians(Tx)) * 46))
Dy = int((60 - math.fabs(math.sin(math.radians(Tx)) * 46)))
oled.hline(0, 60, 128, 1)
oled.line(64, 60, Dx, Dy, 1)
oled.fill_rect(0, 61, 128, 3, 0)
oled.vline(64, 61, 2, 1)
Lx = int(numberMap(accelerometer.get_y(),(-1),1,128,0))
oled.vline(Lx, 61, 3, 1)
if Lx == 64:
rgb.fill((int(0), int(51), int(0)))
rgb.write()
time.sleep_ms(1)
oled.fill_circle(13, 20, 3, 1)
oled.hline(7, 20, 13, 1)
else:
oled.fill_rect(7, 16, 13, 6, 0)
rgb.fill( (0, 0, 0) )
rgb.write()
time.sleep_ms(1)
oled.show()
mPython X 图形编程
17、掌控闪灯大量程计步器（十万步）
#MicroPython动手做（20）——掌控板之三轴加速度
#掌控闪灯大量程计步器（十万步）
#MicroPython动手做（20）——掌控板之三轴加速度
#掌控闪灯大量程计步器（十万步）
from mpython import *
from machine import Timer
_is_shaked = _is_thrown = False
_last_x = _last_y = _last_z = _count_shaked = _count_thrown = 0
def on_shaked():pass
def on_thrown():pass
tim11 = Timer(11)
def timer11_tick(_):
global _is_shaked, _is_thrown, _last_x, _last_y, _last_z, _count_shaked, _count_thrown
if _is_shaked:
_count_shaked += 1
if _count_shaked == 5: _count_shaked = 0
if _is_thrown:
_count_thrown += 1
if _count_thrown == 10: _count_thrown = 0
if _count_thrown > 0: return
x=accelerometer.get_x(); y=accelerometer.get_y(); z=accelerometer.get_z()
_is_thrown = (x * x + y * y + z * z < 0.25)
if _is_thrown: on_thrown();return
if _last_x == 0 and _last_y == 0 and _last_z == 0:
_last_x = x; _last_y = y; _last_z = z; return
diff_x = x - _last_x; diff_y = y - _last_y; diff_z = z - _last_z
_last_x = x; _last_y = y; _last_z = z
if _count_shaked > 0: return
_is_shaked = (diff_x * diff_x + diff_y * diff_y + diff_z * diff_z > 1)
if _is_shaked: on_shaked()
tim11.init(period=100, mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=timer11_tick)
import time
import framebuf
import font.digiface_30
def display_font(_font, _str, _x, _y, _wrap, _z=0):
_start = _x
for _c in _str:
_d = _font.get_ch(_c)
if _wrap and _x > 128 - _d[2]: _x = _start; _y += _d[1]
if _c == '1' and _z > 0: oled.fill_rect(_x, _y, _d[2], _d[1], 0)
oled.blit(framebuf.FrameBuffer(bytearray(_d[0]), _d[2], _d[1],
framebuf.MONO_HLSB), (_x+int(_d[2]/_z)) if _c=='1' and _z>0 else _x, _y)
_x += _d[2]
bbb = 0
while True:
oled.fill(0)
oled.DispChar('掌控计步器', 35, 2, 1)
oled.DispChar('步', 115, 40, 1)
if _is_shaked:
rgb.fill((int(0), int(102), int(0)))
rgb.write()
time.sleep_ms(1)
time.sleep_ms(60)
rgb.fill((int(0), int(0), int(0)))
rgb.write()
time.sleep_ms(1)
bbb = bbb + 1
else:
rgb.fill((int(153), int(0), int(0)))
rgb.write()
time.sleep_ms(1)
if bbb >= 0 and bbb <= 9:
display_font(font.digiface_30, (str(bbb)), 55, 24, False, 2)
elif bbb >= 9 and bbb <= 99:
display_font(font.digiface_30, (str(bbb)), 45, 24, False, 2)
elif bbb >= 99 and bbb <= 999:
display_font(font.digiface_30, (str(bbb)), 35, 24, False, 2)
elif bbb >= 999 and bbb <= 9999:
display_font(font.digiface_30, (str(bbb)), 20, 24, False, 2)
elif bbb >= 9999 and bbb <= 99999:
display_font(font.digiface_30, (str(bbb)), 10, 24, False, 2)
oled.show()
注解
使用摇晃模块，优点是算法简单，不足之处是触发计步的阙值是固定的，不能调整
mPython 图形编程
