oracle 12.1 rac to rac adg（maa）搭建保姆级教程

资源配置

一、主库集群操作

1.主库增加standbylog

2.主库开启force logging及归档

3.主库配置参数

4.生成参数文件并将参数文件、密码文件拷贝至备库

4.1参数文件处理

4.2密码文件处理

二、备库操作

1.备库修改参数文件

1.1创建adump目录并在参数文件修改（两节点均创建）

1.2增加dg相关参数

1.3备库asm创建目录结构

1.4备库将主库asm传过来的密码文件放到dbs目录下

三、配置监听

四、恢复库

主库进行全库备份

将主库备份传至备库

备库恢复主库备份

开库

资源配置

主备角色	主机名	IP	实例名
主库	racstd1	192.168.213.109	std11
主库	racstd2	192.168.213.110	std12
备库	primary1	192.168.213.101	stdg11
备库	primary2	192.168.213.102	stdg12

一、主库集群操作

1.1.主库增加standbylog

SQL> select group#,thread#,sequence#,bytes/1024/1024,members,status from v$log;

GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES/1024/1024 MEMBERS STATUS

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ---------- ----------------

1 1 27 50 2 CURRENT

2 1 26 50 2 INACTIVE

3 2 9 50 2 CURRENT

4 2 8 50 2 INACTIVE

增加日志

alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 ('+DATA') size 50M,group 6 ('+DATA') size 50M,group 7 ('+DATA') size 50M;

alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8 ('+DATA') size 50M,group 9 ('+DATA') size 50M,group 10 ('+DATA') size 50M;

select group#,member from v$logfile;

注意:standbylog 要比原日志组至少多一组，日志大小建议与当前数据库配置保持一致。

1.2.主库开启force logging及归档

开启强记日志

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

FORCE_LOGGING

---------------------------------------

SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;

Database altered.

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

FORCE_LOGGING

---------------------------------------

YES

SQL> archive log list

Database log mode No Archive Mode

Automatic archival Disabled

Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence 26

Current log sequence 27

SQL>

##开归档

[oracle@racstd1 ~]$ srvctl stop database -d standby

[oracle@racstd1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Thu Jun 6 15:01:19 2024

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 7532969984 bytes

Fixed Size 2941920 bytes

Variable Size 1426066464 bytes

Database Buffers 6090129408 bytes

Redo Buffers 13832192 bytes

Database mounted.

##归档开启（如归档已开启请忽略这一步）

SQL> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence 26

Next log sequence to archive 27

Current log sequence 27

SQL>

1.3.主库配置参数

alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(standby,primary)' scope=spfile sid='*';

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=+ARCH valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=standby' scope=spfile sid='*';

alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=primary valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=primary' scope=spfile sid='*';

alter system set standby_file_management='auto' scope=spfile sid='*';

alter system set fal_server='primary' scope=spfile sid='*';

alter system set fal_client='standby' scope=spfile sid='*';

alter system set db_file_name_convert='+DATA/PRIMARY/DATAFILE/','+DATA/STANDBY/DATAFILE/','+DATA/PRIMARY/DATAFILE/','+DATA/STANDBY/TEMPFILE/' scope=spfile sid='*';

alter system set log_file_name_convert='+DATA/PRIMARY/ONLINELOG','+DATA/STANDBY/ONLINELOG' scope=spfile sid='*';

##重启生效

[oracle@racstd1 tmp]$ srvctl stop database -d standby

[oracle@racstd1 tmp]$ srvctl start database -d standby

[oracle@racstd1 tmp]$ srvctl status database -d standby

Instance std11 is running on node racstd1

Instance std12 is running on node racstd2

1.4.生成参数文件并将参数文件、密码文件拷贝至备库

1.4.1参数文件处理

[oracle@racstd1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> create pfile='/tmp/initstd.ora' from spfile;

File created.

##将参数文件传到备库

[oracle@racstd1 tmp]$ scp initstd.ora oracle@192.168.213.101:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs

The authenticity of host '192.168.213.101 (192.168.213.101)' can't be established.

RSA key fingerprint is de:d5:a9:a1:b1:84:63:49:84:02:4b:d2:ff:30:e5:de.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

Warning: Permanently added '192.168.213.101' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.

oracle@192.168.213.101's password:

initstd.ora 100% 1500 1.5KB/s 00:00

1.4.2密码文件处理

主库密码文件到备库，最开始放在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下，后续配置完成后，需要将密码文件存放在ASM磁盘组中并进行改名。

[root@racstd1 ~]# su - grid

[grid@racstd1 ~]$ asmcmd

ASMCMD> pwd

+DATA/STANDBY/PASSWORD

ASMCMD> ls

pwdstandby.256.1170868583

ASMCMD> pwcopy +DATA/STANDBY/PASSWORD/pwdstandby.256.1170868583 /tmp

注意:需要拷贝到tmp目录其他目录会报权限错误

[root@racstd1 tmp]# scp pwdstandby.256.1170868583 192.168.213.101:/tmp

The authenticity of host '192.168.213.101 (192.168.213.101)' can't be established.

RSA key fingerprint is de:d5:a9:a1:b1:84:63:49:84:02:4b:d2:ff:30:e5:de.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

Warning: Permanently added '192.168.213.101' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.

root@192.168.213.101's password:

pwdstandby.256.1170868583 100% 7680 7.5KB/s 00:00

二、备库操作

2.1.备库修改参数文件

cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

vi initstd.ora

先把涉及到实例名的参数改成一致主库是std*备库我们改成stdg*跟主库区别开

2.1.1创建adump目录并在参数文件修改（两节点均创建）

cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/

mkdir -p stdg/adump

参数文件中修改

2.1.2增加dg相关参数

##确认主库的数据文件、临时文件、日志文件目录

ASMCMD> cd DATAFILE

ASMCMD> pwd

+DATA/STANDBY/DATAFILE

ASMCMD> cd ..

ASMCMD> cd TEMPFILE/

ASMCMD> pwd

+DATA/STANDBY/TEMPFILE

ASMCMD> cd ..

ASMCMD> cd ONLINELOG/

ASMCMD> pwd

+DATA/STANDBY/ONLINELOG

*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/STANDBY/DATAFILE/','+DATA/PRIMARY/DATAFILE/','+DATA/STANDBY/TEMPFILE/','+DATA/PRIMARY/TEMPFILE/'

*.db_unique_name='primary'

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(standby,primary)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+ARCH VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary'

*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=standby ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby'

*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/STANDBY/ONLINELOG','+DATA/PRIMARY/ONLINELOG'

*.fal_server='standby'

*.fal_client='primary'

参数文件：

stdg11.__data_transfer_cache_size=0

stdg12.__data_transfer_cache_size=0

stdg11.__db_cache_size=5821693952

stdg12.__db_cache_size=5821693952

stdg11.__java_pool_size=16777216

stdg12.__java_pool_size=16777216

stdg11.__large_pool_size=33554432

stdg12.__large_pool_size=33554432

stdg11.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

stdg12.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

stdg11.__pga_aggregate_target=2516582400

stdg12.__pga_aggregate_target=2516582400

stdg11.__sga_target=7532969984

stdg12.__sga_target=7532969984

stdg11.__shared_io_pool_size=385875968

stdg12.__shared_io_pool_size=385875968

stdg11.__shared_pool_size=1258291200

stdg12.__shared_pool_size=1258291200

stdg11.__streams_pool_size=0

stdg12.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/stdg/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

#*.cluster_database=TRUE

*.compatible='12.1.0.2.0'

*.control_files='+DATA/PRIMARY/CONTROLFILE/controlfile01.ctl','+ARCH/PRIMARY/CONTROLFILE/controlfile02.ctl'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'

*.db_domain=''

*.db_name='standby' --注意数据库名要与主库一致否则会报错

*.db_recovery_file_dest='+ARCH'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4785m

*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=stdg1XDB)'

stdg11.instance_number=1

stdg12.instance_number=2

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=2392m

*.processes=300

*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'

*.sga_target=7176m

stdg12.thread=2

stdg11.thread=1

stdg11.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

stdg12.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'

*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/STANDBY/DATAFILE/','+DATA/PRIMARY/DATAFILE/','+DATA/STANDBY/TEMPFILE/','+DATA/PRIMARY/TEMPFILE/'

*.db_unique_name='primary'

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(standby,primary)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+ARCH VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary'

*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=BMACDB1 ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby'

*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/STANDBY/ONLINELOG','+DATA/PRIMARY/ONLINELOG'

*.fal_server='standby'

*.fal_client='primary'

注意:集群参数暂时屏蔽

2.1.3备库asm创建目录结构

ASMCMD> mkdir PRIMARY

ASMCMD> cd PRIMARY

ASMCMD> mkdir ONLINELOG

ASMCMD> mkdir TEMPFILE

ASMCMD> mkdir DATAFILE

ASMCMD> mkdir CONTROLFILE

ASMCMD> ls

CONTROLFILE/

DATAFILE/

ONLINELOG/

TEMPFILE/

ASMCMD> pwd

+DATA/PRIMARY

2.1.4备库将主库asm传过来的密码文件放到dbs目录下

cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

cp /tmp/pwdstandby.256.1170868583 orapwstdg11

三、配置监听

##主备库都改

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/

vi tnsnames.ora

standby=

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.213.109)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.213.110)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME =standby)

)

primary=

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.213.101)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.213.102)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME =primary)

)

测试

四、恢复库

4.1主库进行全库备份

[root@racstd1 ~]# mkdir -p /backup

[root@racstd1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /backup/

[root@racstd1 ~]#

su - oracle

[oracle@racstd1 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Fri Jun 7 09:21:11 2024

connected to target database: STANDBY (DBID=1982604216)

RMAN>

run{

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

backup database format '/backup/data_%d_%T_%s_%p' tag 'data';

sql 'alter system archive log current';

backup archivelog all format='/backup/arch_%d_%T_%s_%p' tag 'arc';

backup current controlfile for standby format='/backup/ctl_%d_%T_%s_%p' tag 'cur';

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

}

4.2将主库备份传至备库

[oracle@racstd1 ~]$ cd /backup/

[oracle@racstd1 backup]$ ls

arch_STANDBY_20240607_5_1 arch_STANDBY_20240607_7_1 data_STANDBY_20240607_1_1 data_STANDBY_20240607_3_1

arch_STANDBY_20240607_6_1 ctl_STANDBY_20240607_8_1 data_STANDBY_20240607_2_1 data_STANDBY_20240607_4_1

[oracle@racstd1 backup]$ du -s *

55272 arch_STANDBY_20240607_5_1

47648 arch_STANDBY_20240607_6_1

12 arch_STANDBY_20240607_7_1

18848 ctl_STANDBY_20240607_8_1

877900 data_STANDBY_20240607_1_1

702140 data_STANDBY_20240607_2_1

18848 data_STANDBY_20240607_3_1

96 data_STANDBY_20240607_4_1

##目标端创建目录

[root@primary1 ~]# mkdir -p /backup

[root@primary1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /backup/

##传送备份到备库

[oracle@racstd1 backup]$ scp * oracle@192.168.213.101:/backup/

4.3备库恢复主库备份

[root@primary1 ~]# cd /backup/

[root@primary1 backup]# ls

arch_STANDBY_20240607_5_1 arch_STANDBY_20240607_7_1 data_STANDBY_20240607_1_1 data_STANDBY_20240607_3_1

arch_STANDBY_20240607_6_1 ctl_STANDBY_20240607_8_1 data_STANDBY_20240607_2_1 data_STANDBY_20240607_4_1

[root@primary1 ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@primary1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=stdg11

[oracle@primary1 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Fri Jun 7 09:38:49 2024

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup nomount

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 7532969984 bytes

Fixed Size 2941920 bytes

Variable Size 1358957600 bytes

Database Buffers 6157238272 bytes

Redo Buffers 13832192 bytes

RMAN>

restore standby controlfile from '/backup/ctl_STANDBY_20240607_8_1';

alter database mount;

catalog start with "/backup";

Run{

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

restore database;

switch datafile all;

switch tempfile all;

recover database;

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

}

开库

[oracle@primary1 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Fri Jun 7 10:09:52 2024

Connected to:

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database;

NAME OPEN_MODE

--------- --------------------

STANDBY MOUNTED

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database;

NAME OPEN_MODE

--------- --------------------

STANDBY READ ONLY

1.1创建spfile标准化

SQL> create pfile='/tmp/initstdg11.ora' from spfile;

File created.

SQL> create spfile='+DATA/PRIMARY/PARAMETERFILE/spfilestdg.ora' from pfile='/tmp/initstdg11.ora';

File created.

##asmcmd查看

[oracle@primary1 dbs]$ rm -f spfilestdg11.ora

[oracle@primary1 dbs]$ rm -f /tmp/initstdg11.ora

1.1.1修改一二节点pfile内容

[oracle@primary1 dbs]$ vi initstdg11.ora

spfile='+DATA/PRIMARY/PARAMETERFILE/spfilestdg.ora

[oracle@primary1 dbs]$ scp initstdg11.ora oracle@primary2:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initstdg12.ora

initstdg11.ora 100% 52 0.1KB/s 00:00

[root@primary2 ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@primary2 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@primary2 dbs]$ ls

hc_racpm2.dat id_racpm2.dat init.ora initstdg12.ora

[oracle@primary2 dbs]$ cat initstdg12.ora

spfile='+DATA/PRIMARY/PARAMETERFILE/spfilestdg.ora'

1.2拷贝密码文件到asm

[root@primary1 tmp]# chmod 777 pwdstandby.256.1170868583

[root@primary1 tmp]# ls -ld pwdstandby.256.1170868583

-rwxrwxrwx 1 grid oinstall 7680 Jun 6 15:30 pwdstandby.256.1170868583

[root@primary1 tmp]#

ASMCMD> cp /tmp/pwdstandby.256.1170868583 orapwdprimary

copying /tmp/pwdstandby.256.1170868583 -> +data/primary/password/orapwdprimary

[root@primary1 tmp]# su - oracle

[oracle@primary1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@primary1 dbs]$ ls

hc_racpm1.dat hc_stdg11.dat id_racpm1.dat init.ora initstdg11.ora initstd.ora orapwstdg11 snapcf_stdg11.f

[oracle@primary1 dbs]$ rm -f orapwstdg11

五、注册服务

5.1环境变量配置

[oracle@primary1 ~]$ vi .bash_profile

export ORACLE_SID=stdg11

[oracle@primary1 ~]$ . .bash_profile

5.2改参数

[oracle@primary1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Fri Jun 7 10:41:01 2024

Connected to:

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL> shu immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 7532969984 bytes

Fixed Size 2941920 bytes

Variable Size 1358957600 bytes

Database Buffers 6157238272 bytes

Redo Buffers 13832192 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> show parameter cluster;

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

cluster_database boolean FALSE

cluster_database_instances integer 1

cluster_interconnects string

alter system set cluster_database=true scope=spfile;

alter system set cluster_database_instances=2 scope=spfile;

SQL> shu immediate

ORA-01109: database not open

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

5.3增加服务

srvctl add database -db primary -dbname standby -oraclehome /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1 -dbtype RAC -role PHYSICAL_STANDBY

srvctl add instance -db primary -instance stdg11 -node primary1

srvctl add instance -db primary -instance stdg12 -node primary2

srvctl modify database -db primary -spfile '+DATA/PRIMARY/PARAMETERFILE/spfilestdg.ora' -pwfile '+DATA/PRIMARY/PASSWORD/orapwdprimary'

srvctl modify database -db primary -diskgroup ARCH,DATA

srvctl config database -d primary

srvctl start database -db primary -startoption open

六、备库应用日志

6.1查看主备库状态

select DBID,NAME,OPEN_MODE,PROTECTION_MODE,PROTECTION_LEVEL,DATAGUARD_BROKER,DB_UNIQUE_NAME from v$database;

select INST_ID,INSTANCE_NUMBER,INSTANCE_NAME,STATUS,DATABASE_STATUS,INSTANCE_ROLE from gv$instance;

主库是读写

开启flashback

SQL> select open_mode,flashback_on from v$database;

OPEN_MODE FLASHBACK_ON

-------------------- ------------------

READ ONLY NO

SQL> alter database flashback on;

Database altered.

SQL> select open_mode,flashback_on from v$database;

OPEN_MODE FLASHBACK_ON

-------------------- ------------------

READ ONLY YES

SQL> select process,status,sequence#,THREAD# from v$managed_standby where PROCESS='MRP0';

no rows selected

6.2开启日志应用

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Database altered.

SQL> select process,status,sequence#,THREAD# from v$managed_standby where PROCESS='MRP0';

PROCESS STATUS SEQUENCE# THREAD#

--------- ------------ ---------- ----------

MRP0 WAIT_FOR_LOG 28 2

SQL> select process,status,sequence#,THREAD# from v$managed_standby where PROCESS='MRP0';

##最大性能模式半同步状态正常

PROCESS STATUS SEQUENCE# THREAD#

--------- ------------ ---------- ----------

MRP0 WAIT_FOR_LOG 28 2

6.2验证同步状态

主库切日志

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

备库观察日志

备库可以马上应用到日志说明同步无问题

主库查看sequence

SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log order by sequence# asc;