一、关于chaining prompts与CoT的比较

前面谈到的CoT的推理过程，可以比作是一次性就烹调好一顿大餐，那么接下来要说的“chaining prompts”，其背后的理念是分多次来完成这样一项复杂任务，每次只完成其中一步或者一个子任务。核心之处在于，你需要在自己的代码中来维护状态（而不是LLM）。另外可能需要使用到外部的第三方工具，譬如网页搜索或者数据库等等，LLM起到的是驱动引擎的作用。

二、基于chaining prompts案例剖析prompt的分步应用

首先来看这样一个system message样例，在这个prompt中，给出了category和product的设定，提示如果用户问题提到的category或者product在设定列表中不存在，那么返回为空，另外一个product必须关联到一个正确的category：

system_message = f"""

You will be provided with customer service queries. \

The customer service query will be delimited with \

{delimiter} characters.

Output a python list of objects, where each object has \

the following format:

    'category': <one of Computers and Laptops, \

    Smartphones and Accessories, \

    Televisions and Home Theater Systems, \

    Gaming Consoles and Accessories,

    Audio Equipment, Cameras and Camcorders>,

OR

    'products': <a list of products that must \

    be found in the allowed products below>

Where the categories and products must be found in \

the customer service query.

If a product is mentioned, it must be associated with \

the correct category in the allowed products list below.

If no products or categories are found, output an \

empty list.

Allowed products:

Computers and Laptops category:

TechPro Ultrabook

BlueWave Gaming Laptop

PowerLite Convertible

TechPro Desktop

BlueWave Chromebook

Smartphones and Accessories category:

SmartX ProPhone

MobiTech PowerCase

SmartX MiniPhone

MobiTech Wireless Charger

SmartX EarBuds

Televisions and Home Theater Systems category:

CineView 4K TV

SoundMax Home Theater

CineView 8K TV

SoundMax Soundbar

CineView OLED TV

Gaming Consoles and Accessories category:

GameSphere X

ProGamer Controller

GameSphere Y

ProGamer Racing Wheel

GameSphere VR Headset

Audio Equipment category:

AudioPhonic Noise-Canceling Headphones

WaveSound Bluetooth Speaker

AudioPhonic True Wireless Earbuds

WaveSound Soundbar

AudioPhonic Turntable

Cameras and Camcorders category:

FotoSnap DSLR Camera

ActionCam 4K

FotoSnap Mirrorless Camera

ZoomMaster Camcorder

FotoSnap Instant Camera

Only output the list of objects, with nothing else.

"""

给出设定的user message如下，调用方法给出查询结果：

打印结果信息如下，格式匹配上面系统的设定：

再给出一个user message：

my router isn't working

这次问题提到的router在系统产品设定中不存在，所以返回一个空的列表：

接下来根据从用户问题中提取的category和product信息来进一步获取products的细节，以下是系统设定的具体内容，为了演示方便，这些产品信息直接以文本的形式呈现：

products = {

    "TechPro Ultrabook": {

        "name": "TechPro Ultrabook",

        "category": "Computers and Laptops",

        "brand": "TechPro",

        "model_number": "TP-UB100",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.5,

        "features": ["13.3-inch display", "8GB RAM", "256GB SSD", "Intel Core i5 processor"],

        "description": "A sleek and lightweight ultrabook for everyday use.",

        "price": 799.99

    },

    "BlueWave Gaming Laptop": {

        "name": "BlueWave Gaming Laptop",

        "category": "Computers and Laptops",

        "brand": "BlueWave",

        "model_number": "BW-GL200",

        "warranty": "2 years",

        "rating": 4.7,

        "features": ["15.6-inch display", "16GB RAM", "512GB SSD", "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060"],

        "description": "A high-performance gaming laptop for an immersive experience.",

        "price": 1199.99

    },

    "PowerLite Convertible": {

        "name": "PowerLite Convertible",

        "category": "Computers and Laptops",

        "brand": "PowerLite",

        "model_number": "PL-CV300",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.3,

        "features": ["14-inch touchscreen", "8GB RAM", "256GB SSD", "360-degree hinge"],

        "description": "A versatile convertible laptop with a responsive touchscreen.",

        "price": 699.99

    },

    "TechPro Desktop": {

        "name": "TechPro Desktop",

        "category": "Computers and Laptops",

        "brand": "TechPro",

        "model_number": "TP-DT500",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.4,

        "features": ["Intel Core i7 processor", "16GB RAM", "1TB HDD", "NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1660"],

        "description": "A powerful desktop computer for work and play.",

        "price": 999.99

    },

    "BlueWave Chromebook": {

        "name": "BlueWave Chromebook",

        "category": "Computers and Laptops",

        "brand": "BlueWave",

        "model_number": "BW-CB100",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.1,

        "features": ["11.6-inch display", "4GB RAM", "32GB eMMC", "Chrome OS"],

        "description": "A compact and affordable Chromebook for everyday tasks.",

        "price": 249.99

    },

    "SmartX ProPhone": {

        "name": "SmartX ProPhone",

        "category": "Smartphones and Accessories",

        "brand": "SmartX",

        "model_number": "SX-PP10",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.6,

        "features": ["6.1-inch display", "128GB storage", "12MP dual camera", "5G"],

        "description": "A powerful smartphone with advanced camera features.",

        "price": 899.99

    },

    "MobiTech PowerCase": {

        "name": "MobiTech PowerCase",

        "category": "Smartphones and Accessories",

        "brand": "MobiTech",

        "model_number": "MT-PC20",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.3,

        "features": ["5000mAh battery", "Wireless charging", "Compatible with SmartX ProPhone"],

        "description": "A protective case with built-in battery for extended usage.",

        "price": 59.99

    },

    "SmartX MiniPhone": {

        "name": "SmartX MiniPhone",

        "category": "Smartphones and Accessories",

        "brand": "SmartX",

        "model_number": "SX-MP5",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.2,

        "features": ["4.7-inch display", "64GB storage", "8MP camera", "4G"],

        "description": "A compact and affordable smartphone for basic tasks.",

        "price": 399.99

    },

    "MobiTech Wireless Charger": {

        "name": "MobiTech Wireless Charger",

        "category": "Smartphones and Accessories",

        "brand": "MobiTech",

        "model_number": "MT-WC10",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.5,

        "features": ["10W fast charging", "Qi-compatible", "LED indicator", "Compact design"],

        "description": "A convenient wireless charger for a clutter-free workspace.",

        "price": 29.99

    },

    "SmartX EarBuds": {

        "name": "SmartX EarBuds",

        "category": "Smartphones and Accessories",

        "brand": "SmartX",

        "model_number": "SX-EB20",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.4,

        "features": ["True wireless", "Bluetooth 5.0", "Touch controls", "24-hour battery life"],

        "description": "Experience true wireless freedom with these comfortable earbuds.",

        "price": 99.99

    },

    "CineView 4K TV": {

        "name": "CineView 4K TV",

        "category": "Televisions and Home Theater Systems",

        "brand": "CineView",

        "model_number": "CV-4K55",

        "warranty": "2 years",

        "rating": 4.8,

        "features": ["55-inch display", "4K resolution", "HDR", "Smart TV"],

        "description": "A stunning 4K TV with vibrant colors and smart features.",

        "price": 599.99

    },

    "SoundMax Home Theater": {

        "name": "SoundMax Home Theater",

        "category": "Televisions and Home Theater Systems",

        "brand": "SoundMax",

        "model_number": "SM-HT100",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.4,

        "features": ["5.1 channel", "1000W output", "Wireless subwoofer", "Bluetooth"],

        "description": "A powerful home theater system for an immersive audio experience.",

        "price": 399.99

    },

    "CineView 8K TV": {

        "name": "CineView 8K TV",

        "category": "Televisions and Home Theater Systems",

        "brand": "CineView",

        "model_number": "CV-8K65",

        "warranty": "2 years",

        "rating": 4.9,

        "features": ["65-inch display", "8K resolution", "HDR", "Smart TV"],

        "description": "Experience the future of television with this stunning 8K TV.",

        "price": 2999.99

    },

    "SoundMax Soundbar": {

        "name": "SoundMax Soundbar",

        "category": "Televisions and Home Theater Systems",

        "brand": "SoundMax",

        "model_number": "SM-SB50",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.3,

        "features": ["2.1 channel", "300W output", "Wireless subwoofer", "Bluetooth"],

        "description": "Upgrade your TV's audio with this sleek and powerful soundbar.",

        "price": 199.99

    },

    "CineView OLED TV": {

        "name": "CineView OLED TV",

        "category": "Televisions and Home Theater Systems",

        "brand": "CineView",

        "model_number": "CV-OLED55",

        "warranty": "2 years",

        "rating": 4.7,

        "features": ["55-inch display", "4K resolution", "HDR", "Smart TV"],

        "description": "Experience true blacks and vibrant colors with this OLED TV.",

        "price": 1499.99

    },

    "GameSphere X": {

        "name": "GameSphere X",

        "category": "Gaming Consoles and Accessories",

        "brand": "GameSphere",

        "model_number": "GS-X",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.9,

        "features": ["4K gaming", "1TB storage", "Backward compatibility", "Online multiplayer"],

        "description": "A next-generation gaming console for the ultimate gaming experience.",

        "price": 499.99

    },

    "ProGamer Controller": {

        "name": "ProGamer Controller",

        "category": "Gaming Consoles and Accessories",

        "brand": "ProGamer",

        "model_number": "PG-C100",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.2,

        "features": ["Ergonomic design", "Customizable buttons", "Wireless", "Rechargeable battery"],

        "description": "A high-quality gaming controller for precision and comfort.",

        "price": 59.99

    },

    "GameSphere Y": {

        "name": "GameSphere Y",

        "category": "Gaming Consoles and Accessories",

        "brand": "GameSphere",

        "model_number": "GS-Y",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.8,

        "features": ["4K gaming", "500GB storage", "Backward compatibility", "Online multiplayer"],

        "description": "A compact gaming console with powerful performance.",

        "price": 399.99

    },

    "ProGamer Racing Wheel": {

        "name": "ProGamer Racing Wheel",

        "category": "Gaming Consoles and Accessories",

        "brand": "ProGamer",

        "model_number": "PG-RW200",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.5,

        "features": ["Force feedback", "Adjustable pedals", "Paddle shifters", "Compatible with GameSphere X"],

        "description": "Enhance your racing games with this realistic racing wheel.",

        "price": 249.99

    },

    "GameSphere VR Headset": {

        "name": "GameSphere VR Headset",

        "category": "Gaming Consoles and Accessories",

        "brand": "GameSphere",

        "model_number": "GS-VR",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.6,

        "features": ["Immersive VR experience", "Built-in headphones", "Adjustable headband", "Compatible with GameSphere X"],

        "description": "Step into the world of virtual reality with this comfortable VR headset.",

        "price": 299.99

    },

    "AudioPhonic Noise-Canceling Headphones": {

        "name": "AudioPhonic Noise-Canceling Headphones",

        "category": "Audio Equipment",

        "brand": "AudioPhonic",

        "model_number": "AP-NC100",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.6,

        "features": ["Active noise-canceling", "Bluetooth", "20-hour battery life", "Comfortable fit"],

        "description": "Experience immersive sound with these noise-canceling headphones.",

        "price": 199.99

    },

    "WaveSound Bluetooth Speaker": {

        "name": "WaveSound Bluetooth Speaker",

        "category": "Audio Equipment",

        "brand": "WaveSound",

        "model_number": "WS-BS50",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.5,

        "features": ["Portable", "10-hour battery life", "Water-resistant", "Built-in microphone"],

        "description": "A compact and versatile Bluetooth speaker for music on the go.",

        "price": 49.99

    },

    "AudioPhonic True Wireless Earbuds": {

        "name": "AudioPhonic True Wireless Earbuds",

        "category": "Audio Equipment",

        "brand": "AudioPhonic",

        "model_number": "AP-TW20",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.4,

        "features": ["True wireless", "Bluetooth 5.0", "Touch controls", "18-hour battery life"],

        "description": "Enjoy music without wires with these comfortable true wireless earbuds.",

        "price": 79.99

    },

    "WaveSound Soundbar": {

        "name": "WaveSound Soundbar",

        "category": "Audio Equipment",

        "brand": "WaveSound",

        "model_number": "WS-SB40",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.3,

        "features": ["2.0 channel", "80W output", "Bluetooth", "Wall-mountable"],

        "description": "Upgrade your TV's audio with this slim and powerful soundbar.",

        "price": 99.99

    },

    "AudioPhonic Turntable": {

        "name": "AudioPhonic Turntable",

        "category": "Audio Equipment",

        "brand": "AudioPhonic",

        "model_number": "AP-TT10",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.2,

        "features": ["3-speed", "Built-in speakers", "Bluetooth", "USB recording"],

        "description": "Rediscover your vinyl collection with this modern turntable.",

        "price": 149.99

    },

    "FotoSnap DSLR Camera": {

        "name": "FotoSnap DSLR Camera",

        "category": "Cameras and Camcorders",

        "brand": "FotoSnap",

        "model_number": "FS-DSLR200",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.7,

        "features": ["24.2MP sensor", "1080p video", "3-inch LCD", "Interchangeable lenses"],

        "description": "Capture stunning photos and videos with this versatile DSLR camera.",

        "price": 599.99

    },

    "ActionCam 4K": {

        "name": "ActionCam 4K",

        "category": "Cameras and Camcorders",

        "brand": "ActionCam",

        "model_number": "AC-4K",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.4,

        "features": ["4K video", "Waterproof", "Image stabilization", "Wi-Fi"],

        "description": "Record your adventures with this rugged and compact 4K action camera.",

        "price": 299.99

    },

    "FotoSnap Mirrorless Camera": {

        "name": "FotoSnap Mirrorless Camera",

        "category": "Cameras and Camcorders",

        "brand": "FotoSnap",

        "model_number": "FS-ML100",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.6,

        "features": ["20.1MP sensor", "4K video", "3-inch touchscreen", "Interchangeable lenses"],

        "description": "A compact and lightweight mirrorless camera with advanced features.",

        "price": 799.99

    },

    "ZoomMaster Camcorder": {

        "name": "ZoomMaster Camcorder",

        "category": "Cameras and Camcorders",

        "brand": "ZoomMaster",

        "model_number": "ZM-CM50",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.3,

        "features": ["1080p video", "30x optical zoom", "3-inch LCD", "Image stabilization"],

        "description": "Capture life's moments with this easy-to-use camcorder.",

        "price": 249.99

    },

    "FotoSnap Instant Camera": {

        "name": "FotoSnap Instant Camera",

        "category": "Cameras and Camcorders",

        "brand": "FotoSnap",

        "model_number": "FS-IC10",

        "warranty": "1 year",

        "rating": 4.1,

        "features": ["Instant prints", "Built-in flash", "Selfie mirror", "Battery-powered"],

        "description": "Create instant memories with this fun and portable instant camera.",

        "price": 69.99

    }

}

然后调用方法根据名称或者产品类别获取具体产品的细节：

输出结果示例如下：

{'name': 'TechPro Ultrabook', 'category': 'Computers and Laptops', 'brand': 'TechPro', 'model_number': 'TP-UB100', 'warranty': '1 year', 'rating': 4.5, 'features': ['13.3-inch display', '8GB RAM', '256GB SSD', 'Intel Core i5 processor'], 'description': 'A sleek and lightweight ultrabook for everyday use.', 'price': 799.99}