前言

使用python实现pygame版的五子棋游戏；

环境：Windows系统+python3.8.0 （文末送读者福利）

游戏规则：

1、分两位棋手对战，默认黑棋先下；当在棋盘点击左键，即在该位置绘制黑棋；

2、自动切换到白棋，当在棋盘点击左键，即在该位置绘制白棋；

3、轮流切换棋手下棋，当那方先形成5子连线者获胜（横、竖、斜、反斜四个方向都可以）。

游戏运行效果如下：

在这里插入图片描述

实现过程

1、新建文件settings.py，用来定义一些必须的基本属性和初始值； （文末送读者福利）

class Settings():
def __init__(self):
"""初始化的游戏配置"""
# 屏幕宽高
self.width = 700
self.height = 554
# 文字颜色和大小
self.fontsize = 14
self.fonttype = 'simsunnsimsun'
# 棋盘格数
self.number = 15
# 棋盘左边距、上边距和间隔
self.bd_left = 30
self.bd_top = 30
self.bd_space = 36
# 判断游戏是否结束（默认开始）
self.game_active = True
# 判断哪方下棋（默认黑子先写）
self.chess_player = 1
self.prompt_info = '当前棋手：黑棋'
# 开始校验输赢（两边合计9，因为已经有一边5步）
self.win_number = 0
# 设置背景图、黑棋图片、白棋图片路径
self.checkerboard_bg = 'images/checkerboard_bg.png'
self.black_chess = 'images/black_chess.png'
self.white_chess = 'images/white_chess.png'
# 存储落子数据
self.move_chess = []

2、新建文件checkerboard.py，主要用来绘制背景图和网格线；

import sys
import pygame

class Checkerboard():
  def __init__(self, ck_settings, screen, position):
    self.ck_settings = ck_settings
    self.screen = screen
    self.position = position

    # 颜色和坐标大小
    self.text_color = (0, 0, 0)
    self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(ck_settings.fonttype, ck_settings.fontsize)
    # 存储棋子坐标
    self.checkerboard = []
    # 加载背景图、黑棋和白棋（当有图片不存在时，打印错误并退出游戏）
    try:
      self.bg_image = pygame.image.load(ck_settings.checkerboard_bg)    
      self.black_image = pygame.image.load(ck_settings.black_chess).convert_alpha() # convert_alpha背景透明
      self.white_image = pygame.image.load(ck_settings.white_chess).convert_alpha()
      self.chess_rect = self.black_image.get_rect()
    except Exception as e:
      print('error:', e)
      sys.exit()

  def draw_board(self):    
    # 存储棋子坐标    
    for i in range(self.ck_settings.number):
      self.checkerboard.append([])
      for j in range(self.ck_settings.number):
        self.checkerboard[i].append(self.position(self.ck_settings.bd_left + i * self.ck_settings.bd_space, self.ck_settings.bd_top + j * self.ck_settings.bd_space))
    # 绘制棋盘坐标
    for i in range(0, self.ck_settings.number):
      # ord返回字符的ASCII数值，chr再返回字符
      x_text = self.font.render(chr(ord('A') + i), True, self.text_color) # A-O
      y_text = self.font.render(str(i + 1), True, self.text_color) # 1-15

      # 绘制xy轴坐标（在棋盘背景图绘制）
      self.bg_image.blit(x_text, (self.checkerboard[i][0].x - x_text.get_width() / 2, self.checkerboard[i][0].y - 20))
      self.bg_image.blit(y_text, (self.checkerboard[0][i].x - 20, self.checkerboard[0][i].y - y_text.get_height() / 2))

      # 绘制横竖线（在棋盘背景图绘制）
      pygame.draw.line(self.bg_image, self.text_color, self.checkerboard[0][i], self.checkerboard[self.ck_settings.number-1][i])
      pygame.draw.line(self.bg_image, self.text_color, self.checkerboard[i][0], self.checkerboard[i][self.ck_settings.number-1])
    # 绘制棋盘背景图
    self.screen.blit(self.bg_image, (0, 0))

3、新建文件infopanel.py，主要用来绘制棋盘右边提示信息（暂时只有显示下棋方和获胜信息）；

import pygame.font
class Infopanel():
  def __init__(self, ck_settings, screen):
    """初始化属性"""
    self.settings = ck_settings
    self.screen = screen
    self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
    # 设置文字颜色和字体大小
    self.info_color = (217, 8, 10)
    self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(ck_settings.fonttype, 16)

  def draw_info(self, info):
    """将文字渲染为图像，并定位到右边水平居中"""
    self.info_image = self.font.render(info, True, self.info_color)
    self.info_image_rect = self.info_image.get_rect()
    self.info_image_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - (self.screen_rect.width - 536 - self.info_image_rect.width) / 2
    self.info_image_rect.top = 50
    # 绘制到屏幕
    self.screen.blit(self.info_image, self.info_image_rect)

4.新建文件“game_functions.py”，存放跟游戏有关的所有业务逻辑函数；

import sys
import pygame

# 棋
def update_board(ck_settings, cb, index_coordinates, position):
  """更新棋盘信息"""
  # 判断棋手（黑棋或白棋）
  if ck_settings.chess_player == 1:
    ck_settings.prompt_info = '当前棋手：白棋'
    img = cb.black_image
    chess_type = 'black'
  else:
    ck_settings.prompt_info = '当前棋手：黑棋'
    img = cb.white_image
    chess_type = 'white'

  """落棋"""
  dropState = check_at(ck_settings, index_coordinates)
  if dropState:
    i, j = index_coordinates
    chess_x = cb.checkerboard[j][i].x - cb.chess_rect.width / 2
    chess_y = cb.checkerboard[j][i].y - cb.chess_rect.height / 2
    # 累计步数（两边合计）
    ck_settings.win_number += 1
    # 落子并转换棋手
    ck_settings.move_chess.append({'type': chess_type, 'coord': position(i, j)})
    cb.bg_image.blit(img, (chess_x, chess_y))
    ck_settings.chess_player *= -1
    # 合计9步开始校验输赢
    if ck_settings.win_number >= 9:
      check_stats(ck_settings, (i, j))      
  else:
    ck_settings.prompt_info = '已经有其他棋子'


# 检查(i,j)位置是否已占用  
def check_at(ck_settings, index_coordinates):
  for item in ck_settings.move_chess:
    if index_coordinates == item['coord']:
      return False
  return True

def check_stats(ck_settings, pos):
  """校验四个方向，是否有了输赢"""
  pos_i, pos_j = pos
  directs = [(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1)]  # 横、竖、斜、反斜 四个方向检查  
  for direct in directs:
    line_checkerboard = []
    d_x, d_y = direct

    last = ck_settings.move_chess[-1]
    line_ball = []  # 存放在一条线上的棋子
    for ball in ck_settings.move_chess:
      # 跟最后落子判断
      if ball['type'] == last['type']:
        x = ball['coord'].x - last['coord'].x
        y = ball['coord'].y - last['coord'].y
        if d_x == 0:
          if x == 0:
            line_ball.append(ball['coord'])
        if d_y == 0:
          if y == 0:
            line_ball.append(ball['coord'])
        if x * d_y == y * d_x:
          line_ball.append(ball['coord'])

    if len(line_ball) >= 5:  # 只有5子及以上才继续判断
      sorted_line = sorted(line_ball)
      for i, item in enumerate(sorted_line):
        index = i + 4
        if index < len(sorted_line):
          if d_x == 0:
            y1 = item.y
            y2 = sorted_line[index].y
            # 此点和第5个点比较y值，如相差为4则连成5子
            if abs(y1 - y2) == 4:
              ck_settings.prompt_info = '黑棋获胜' if last['type'] == 'black' else '白棋获胜'
          else:
            x1 = item.x
            x2 = sorted_line[index].x
            # 此点和第5个点比较x值，如相差为4则连成5子
            if abs(x1 - x2) == 4:
              ck_settings.prompt_info = '黑棋获胜' if last['type'] == 'black' else '白棋获胜'
        else:
          break

# 事件
def check_events(ck_settings, cb, position):
  """监听事件"""
  for event in pygame.event.get():
    if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
      sys.exit()
    elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
      # 点击左键
      if event.button == 1:
        pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos() # 获取点击实际坐标
        # 判断是否溢出
        x_first = cb.checkerboard[0][0].x
        x_last = cb.checkerboard[ck_settings.number - 1][ck_settings.number - 1].x
        y_first = cb.checkerboard[0][0].y
        y_last = cb.checkerboard[ck_settings.number - 1][ck_settings.number - 1].y
        if pos[0] < x_first or pos[0] > x_last or pos[1] < y_first or pos[1] > y_last:
          ck_settings.prompt_info = '落子位置不正确！'
        else:
          index_coordinates = to_index(ck_settings, pos)
          update_board(ck_settings, cb, index_coordinates, position)

def to_index(ck_settings, pos):
  """实际坐标转换为棋盘下标"""
  i = round((pos[1] - ck_settings.bd_top) / ck_settings.bd_space)
  j = round((pos[0] - ck_settings.bd_left) / ck_settings.bd_space)
  return (i, j)

5、新建文件gobang.py，主函数用来初始化程序，并同步更新程序的信息；

import pygame
from settings import Settings
from checkerboard import Checkerboard
from collections import namedtuple
import game_functions as gf
from infopanel import Infopanel

def run_game():
  """运行游戏"""
  # 初始化游戏屏幕
  pygame.init()
  # 创建时钟对象 (可以控制游戏循环频率)
  clock = pygame.time.Clock()
  # 配置实例化
  ck_settings = Settings()  
  screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ck_settings.width, ck_settings.height))
  pygame.display.set_caption('五子棋游戏')
  # namedtuple创建类似于元组的数据类型，除了可以用索引访问，能够迭代，还能用属性名访问数据
  position = namedtuple('Position', ['x', 'y'])
  # 创建实例
  cb = Checkerboard(ck_settings, screen, position)

  # 实例化面板信息
  infopanel = Infopanel(ck_settings, screen)

  while ck_settings.game_active:
    # 绘制棋盘
    cb.draw_board()
    # 绘制面板信息
    infopanel.draw_info(ck_settings.prompt_info)
    # 检查玩家事件并更新棋盘
    gf.check_events(ck_settings, cb, position)
    # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
    pygame.display.flip()

    # 通过时钟对象指定循环频率
    clock.tick(60) # 每秒循环60次

run_game()

6、在文件gobang.py目录路径下，执行命令“python gobang.py”弹出窗口，即可对其操作游玩。