静态路由

一、配置静态路由

（一）静态路由特点

​ 主要特点：

​ 由管理员手工配置，为单向条目通信双方的边缘路由器都需要指定，否则会导致数据包有去无回

（二）静态路由配置

​ 使用ip route 命令指定到达IP目的网络

​ 基本格式：Router(config)#ip route 目标网络ID 子网掩码 下一跳

# 1.ip route 目标网段 子网掩码 下一个路由器的入口ip
Router0(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2

# 2.ip route 目标网段 子网掩码 下一个路由器的入口ip
Router1(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 fastEthernet 0/0

二、静态路由练习

R1:

# 进入特权
Router>enable

# 进入全局配置
Router#configure terminal 

# 进入接口
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

# 配置IP
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

# 启动接口
Router(config-if)#no shutdown	

# 退出
Router(config-if)#exit

# 进入接口
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

# 配置IP
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

# 启动接口
Router(config-if)#no shutdown	

# 退出到特权
Router(config-if)#exit

# 配置静态路由
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2

# 退出到特权模式
Router(config)#exit

# 查看路由表
Router#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S    192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2

R2:

# 进入特权
Router>enable

# 进入全局
Router#configure terminal 

# 进入接口
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

# 配置IP
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0

# 启动接口
Router(config-if)#no shutdown	

# 退出接口模式
Router(config-if)#exit

# 进入接口
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

# 配置IP
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0

# 启动接口
Router(config-if)#no shutdown	

# 退出到特权模式
Router(config-if)#exit

# 配置静态路由
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 fastEthernet 0/0

# 退出到特权
Router(config)#exit

# 查看路由表
Router#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

S    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1