MacOS Docker 安装和运行原理

news2024/9/27 12:12:44

本文讲述主要是基于Mac电脑安装教程，使用的是homebrew安装，未安装homebrew的请先自行安装下

一、使用 Homebrew 安装

macOS 我们可以使用 Homebrew 来安装 Docker。Homebrew 的 Cask 已经支持 Docker for Mac，因此可以很方便的使用 Homebrew Cask 来进行安装。

1. 输入安装命令如下：

brew install --cask --appdir=/Applications docker  # 1.输入安装命令

==> Creating Caskroom at /usr/local/Caskroom
==> We'll set permissions properly so we won't need sudo in the future
Password:          # 2.输入你的macOS 密码
==> Satisfying dependencies
==> Downloading https://download.docker.com/mac/stable/21090/Docker.dmg
#################################################################### 100.0%
==> Verifying checksum for Cask docker
==> Installing Cask docker
==> Moving App 'Docker.app' to '/Applications/Docker.app'.
&#x1f37a;  docker was successfully installed!

最后如果提示了successfully installed！字样就表示安装成功了

2. 安装完毕后，从应用中找到Docker 图标点击运行。可能会询问 macOS 登陆密码，输入即可

3. 打开终端，输入命令显示docker的版本信息

wpf@B-L0Q0JHD2-2029 ~ % docker --version  # 1.该命令仅显示安装版本
Docker version 20.10.22, build 3a2c30b

wpf@B-L0Q0JHD2-2029 ~ % docker version    # 2.该命令显示docker具体版本信息
Client:  # 客户端信息
 Cloud integration: v1.0.29
 Version:           20.10.22
 API version:       1.41
 Go version:        go1.18.9
 Git commit:        3a2c30b
 Built:             Thu Dec 15 22:28:41 2022
 OS/Arch:           darwin/amd64
 Context:           default
 Experimental:      true

Server: Docker Desktop 4.16.1 (95567) # 服务器信息
 Engine:
  Version:          20.10.22
  API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.18.9
  Git commit:       42c8b31
  Built:            Thu Dec 15 22:26:14 2022
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.6.14
  GitCommit:        9ba4b250366a5ddde94bb7c9d1def331423aa323
 runc:
  Version:          1.1.4
  GitCommit:        v1.1.4-0-g5fd4c4d
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0
wpf@B-L0Q0JHD2-2029 ~ %

4. 试运行docker，使用docker run 运行 hello-world镜像

doker 拉取hello-world镜像：docker pull hello-world
运行拉取hello-world镜像：docker run hello-world

译：当运行容器时，使用的镜像如果在本地中不存在，docker 就会自动从 docker 镜像仓库中下载，默认是从 Docker Hub 公共镜像源下载。

wpf@B-L0Q0JHD2-2029 ~ % docker run hello-world # 运行hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally  # 提示未找到hello-world镜像
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world # 尝试拉取远程官方library下的h-w镜像
2db29710123e: Pull complete  # 拉取完毕了，后面是签名信息
Digest: sha256:aa0cc8055b82dc2509bed2e19b275c8f463506616377219d9642221ab53cf9fe
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!  # 显示这句话说明docker安装成功了
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

wpf@B-L0Q0JHD2-2029 ~ %