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C语言学生成绩管理系统

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前言

这篇博客针对<<C语言学生成绩管理系统>>编写代码，代码整洁，规则，易读。学习与应用推荐首选。

文章目录

一、所需工具软件

二、使用步骤

1. 引入库

2. 创建结构体

3. 创建元素操作函数

4. 运行结果

三、在线协助

一、所需工具软件

1. Visual Studio

2. C/C++

二、使用步骤

1.引入库

代码如下（示例）：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>

2.创建结构体

代码如下（示例）：

struct Student {   //每个学生对应一个结构体 
    char ID[20];//学号 
    char Name[10];//姓名 
    float Mark1;//语文成绩 
    float Mark2;//数学成绩 
    float Mark3;//英语成绩 
    float Mark4;//计算机成绩 
    float All; //总分 
    float Average;//平均成绩 
}students[1000];

该处使用的url网络请求的数据。

3.创建元素操作函数：

代码如下（示例）：

int num = 0; //计数器
void Copy(struct Student* arr, int i, int j)
{
    strcpy(arr[i].ID, arr[j].ID);
    strcpy(arr[i].Name, arr[j].Name);
    arr[i].Mark1 = arr[j].Mark1;
    arr[i].Mark2 = arr[j].Mark2;
    arr[i].Mark3 = arr[j].Mark3;
    arr[i].Mark4 = arr[j].Mark4;
    arr[i].All = arr[j].All;
    arr[i].Average = arr[j].Average;
}
int Student_SearchByName(char name[])//通过姓名来检索学生
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
    {
        if (strcmp(students[i].Name, name) == 0)  //通过strcmp函数来对比学生姓名，找到返回在数组的位置 
        {
            return i;
        }
    }
    return -1;    //未找到返回 -1 
}
int Student_SearchByIndex(char id[])//通过学号来检索学生信息
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
    {
        if (strcmp(students[i].ID, id) == 0)  //通过strcmp函数来对比学生id，找到返回位置 
        {
            return i;
        }
    }
    return -1;   //未找到返回 -1 
}
void Student_DisplaySingle(int index)//输出表头
{
    printf("%10s%10s%8s%8s%8s%10s\n", "学号", "姓名", "语文", "数学", "英语", "计算机", "总成绩", "平均成绩");
    printf("-------------------------------------------------------------\n");
    printf("%10s%10s%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%10.2f%10.2f\n", students[index].ID, students[index].Name,
        students[index].Mark1, students[index].Mark2, students[index].Mark3, students[index].Mark4, students[index].All, students[index].Average);
}
void inputt()//利用循环录入学生信息
{
    while (1)
    {
        printf("请输入学号:");
        scanf("%s", &students[num].ID);
        getchar();
        printf("请输入姓名:");
        scanf("%s", &students[num].Name);
        getchar();
        printf("请输入成绩:");
        scanf("%f", &students[num].Mark1);
        getchar();
        printf("请输入成绩:");
        scanf("%f", &students[num].Mark2);
        getchar();
        printf("请输入成绩:");
        scanf("%f", &students[num].Mark3);
        getchar();
        printf("请输入成绩:");
        scanf("%f", &students[num].Mark4);   //依次输入各项数据 
        getchar();
        students[num].All = students[num].Mark1 + students[num].Mark2 + students[num].Mark3 + students[num].Mark4;    //输完数据后自动计算总成绩与平均成绩 
        students[num].Average = (students[num].Mark1 + students[num].Mark2 + students[num].Mark3 + students[num].Mark4) / 4;
        if (Student_SearchByIndex(students[num].ID) == -1)
        {
            num++;  //移向下一个位置 
        }
        else
        {
            printf("学号重复，输入数据无效 !!!\n");
        }

        printf("是否继续?(y/n)");
        if (getchar() == 'n')
        {
            break;
        }
    }
}
void modify()//修改成绩
{
    while (1)
    {
        char id[20];
        int index;
        printf("请输入要修改的学生的学号:");
        scanf("%s", &id);
        getchar();
        index = Student_SearchByIndex(id);  //调用搜查id函数，根据其返回值确定位置 
        if (index == -1)
        {
            printf("学生不存在!\n");
        }
        else
        {
            printf("你要修改的学生信息为:\n");
            Student_DisplaySingle(index);
            printf("-- 请输入新值--\n");
            printf("请输入学号:");
            scanf("%s", &students[index].ID);
            getchar();
            printf("请输入姓名:");
            scanf("%s", &students[index].Name);
            getchar();
            printf("请输入语文成绩:");
            scanf("%f", &students[index].Mark1);
            getchar();
            printf("请输入数学成绩:");
            scanf("%f", &students[index].Mark2);
            getchar();
            printf("请输入英语成绩:");
            scanf("%f", &students[index].Mark3);
            getchar();
            printf("请输入计算机成绩:");
            scanf("%f", &students[index].Mark4);  //重新录入一套新的数据替代 
            getchar();
            students[index].All = students[index].Mark1 + students[index].Mark2 + students[index].Mark3 + students[index].Mark4;
            students[index].Average = (students[index].Mark1 + students[index].Mark2 + students[index].Mark3 + students[index].Mark4) / 4;
        }
        printf("是否继续?(y/n)");
        if (getchar() == 'n')
        {
            break;
        }
    }
}
void deletee()//删除学生信息
{
    int i;
    while (1)
    {
        char id[20];
        int index;
        printf("请输入要删除的学生的学号:");
        scanf("%s", &id);
        getchar();
        index = Student_SearchByIndex(id);   //调用搜查id函数，根据其返回值确定位置 
        if (index == -1)
        {
            printf("学生不存在!\n");
        }
        else
        {
            printf("你要删除的学生信息为:\n");
            Student_DisplaySingle(index);
            printf("是否真的要删除?(y/n)");
            if (getchar() == 'y')
            {
                for (i = index; i < num - 1; i++)
                {
                    Copy(students, i, i + 1);
                    //students[i]=students[i+1];    //把后边的对象都向前移动
                }
                num--;
            }
            getchar();
        }
        printf("是否继续?(y/n)");
        if (getchar() == 'n')
        {
            break;
        }
    }
}
void display()//打印已录入的学生信息
{
    int a;
    printf("%10s%10s%8s%8s%8s%8s%10s%10s\n", "学号", "姓名", "语文", "数学", "英语", "计算机", "总成绩", "平均成绩");
    printf("-------------------------------------------------------------\n");
    for (a = 0; a < num; a++)
    {
        printf("%10s%10s%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%10.2f%10.2f\n", students[a].ID, students[a].Name,
            students[a].Mark1, students[a].Mark2, students[a].Mark3, students[a].Mark4, students[a].All, students[a].Average);
    }
}
void insert()//指定位置插入学生信息
{
    int a, b, c;
    printf("请输入你要插入的位置");
    scanf("%d", &a);
    if (a > num) {
        printf("输入的位置有误，请重新输入,当前共%d条数据\n", num);
        scanf("%d", &a);
    }

    b = num - 1;
    for (; b >= a - 1; b--)
    {
        //strcpy(students[b+1].ID,students[b].ID);
        //strcpy(students[b+1].Name,students[b].Name);
        //students[b+1].Mark1=students[b].Mark1;
        //students[b+1].Mark2=students[b].Mark2;
        //students[b+1].Mark3=students[b].Mark3;
        //students[b+1].Mark4=students[b].Mark4;
        //students[b+1].All=students[b].All;
        //students[b+1].Average=students[b].Average;  
        Copy(students, b + 1, b); //根据其输入的位置，将其及以后的数据向后移动一个位置 

    }
    num++;
    printf("请输入学号:");
    scanf("%s", &students[a - 1].ID);
    getchar();
    printf("请输入姓名:");
    scanf("%s", &students[a - 1].Name);
    getchar();
    printf("请输入语文成绩:");
    scanf("%f", &students[a - 1].Mark1);
    getchar();
    printf("请输入数学成绩:");
    scanf("%f", &students[a - 1].Mark2);
    getchar();
    printf("请输入英语成绩:");
    scanf("%f", &students[a - 1].Mark3);
    getchar();
    printf("请输入计算机成绩:");
    scanf("%f", &students[a - 1].Mark4);  //输入新数据 
    getchar();
    students[a - 1].All = students[a - 1].Mark1 + students[a - 1].Mark2 + students[a - 1].Mark3 + students[a - 1].Mark4;
    students[a - 1].Average = (students[a - 1].Mark1 + students[a - 1].Mark2 + students[a - 1].Mark3 + students[a - 1].Mark4) / 4;

}
void search()//查询学生信息
{
    while (1)
    {
        char name[20];
        int index;
        printf("请输入要查询的学生的姓名:");
        scanf("%s", &name);
        getchar();
        index = Student_SearchByName(name);   //调用搜查name函数，根据其返回值确定位置 
        if (index == -1)
        {
            printf("学生不存在!\n");
        }
        else
        {
            printf("你要查询的学生信息为:\n");
            Student_DisplaySingle(index);
        }
        printf("是否继续?(y/n)");
        if (getchar() == 'n')
        {
            break;
        }
    }
}
void sort()//根据平均分排序
{
    int i, j;
    //struct students tmp;
    for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
    {
        students[i].Average = (students[i].Mark1 + students[i].Mark2 + students[i].Mark3 + students[i].Mark4) / 4;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
    {
        for (j = 1; j < num - i; j++)
        {
            if (students[j - 1].Average < students[j].Average)
            {

                Copy(students, num, j - 1);
                Copy(students, j - 1, j);
                Copy(students, j, num);
                //tmp=students[j-1];
                //students[j-1]=students[j];
                //students[j]=tmp;      //冒泡排序 
            }
        }
    }
    int a;
    printf("%10s%10s%8s%8s%8s%10s\n", "学号", "姓名", "语文", "数学", "英语", "计算机", "总成绩", "平均成绩");
    printf("-------------------------------------------------------------\n");
    for (a = 0; a < num; a++)
    {
        printf("%10s%10s%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%10.2f%10.2f\n", students[a].ID, students[a].Name,
            students[a].Mark1, students[a].Mark2, students[a].Mark3, students[a].Mark4, students[a].All, students[a].Average);
    }
}


void SearchLow()//搜索不及格的并输出 
{
    int a;
    printf("           语文不及格的有%10s%10s%8s\n", "学号", "姓名", "语文");
    for (a = 0; a < num; a++)
    {
        if (students[a].Mark1 < 60)
            printf("%10s%10s%8.2f\n", students[a].Name, students[a].ID, students[a].Mark1);    //从头搜索到尾，若小于60就输出 
    }

    printf("           数学不及格的有%10s%10s%8s\n", "学号", "姓名", "数学");
    for (a = 0; a < num; a++)
    {
        if (students[a].Mark2 < 60)
            printf("%10s%10s%8.2f\n", students[a].Name, students[a].ID, students[a].Mark2);
    }

    printf("           英语不及格的有%10s%10s%8s\n", "学号", "姓名", "英语");
    for (a = 0; a < num; a++)
    {
        if (students[a].Mark3 < 60)
            printf("%10s%10s%8.2f\n", students[a].Name, students[a].ID, students[a].Mark3);
    }

    printf("           计算机不及格的有%10s%10s%8s\n", "学号", "姓名", "计算机");
    for (a = 0; a < num; a++)
    {
        if (students[a].Mark4 < 60)
            printf("%10s%10s%8.2f\n", students[a].Name, students[a].ID, students[a].Mark4);
    }
    system("pause");
}

void SearchHigh()//搜索成绩最高者输出 
{
    int a;
    int max;
    printf("           语文最高分为%10s%10s%8s\n", "学号", "姓名", "语文");
    max = students[0].Mark1;
    for (a = 1; a < num; a++)
    {
        if (students[a].Mark1 > max)
            max = students[a].Mark1;
    }
    for (a = 0; a < num; a++)
    {
        if (max == students[a].Mark1)
            printf("%10s%10s%8.2f\n", students[a].Name, students[a].ID, students[a].Mark1);
    }

    printf("           数学最高分为%10s%10s%8s\n", "学号", "姓名", "数学");
    max = students[0].Mark2;
    for (a = 1; a < num; a++)
    {
        if (students[a].Mark2 > max)
            max = students[a].Mark2;
    }
    for (a = 0; a < num; a++)
    {
        if (max == students[a].Mark2)
            printf("%10s%10s%8.2f\n", students[a].Name, students[a].ID, students[a].Mark2);
    }

    printf("           英语最高分为%10s%10s%8s\n", "学号", "姓名", "英语");
    max = students[0].Mark3;
    for (a = 1; a < num; a++)
    {
        if (students[a].Mark3 > max)
            max = students[a].Mark3;
    }
    for (a = 0; a < num; a++)
    {
        if (max == students[a].Mark3)
            printf("           %10s%10s%8.2f\n", students[a].Name, students[a].ID, students[a].Mark3);
    }

    printf("           计算机最高分为%10s%10s%8s\n", "学号", "姓名", "计算机");
    max = students[0].Mark4;
    for (a = 1; a < num; a++)
    {
        if (students[a].Mark4 > max)
            max = students[a].Mark4;
    }
    for (a = 0; a < num; a++)
    {
        if (max == students[a].Mark4)
            printf("           %10s%10s%8.2f\n", students[a].Name, students[a].ID, students[a].Mark4);
    }
    system("pause");
}
void Save()
{
    FILE* fp = fopen("temp.txt", "w+");
    fprintf(fp, "%d\n", num);
    for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
    {
        fprintf(fp, "%s %s %f %f %f %f %f %f\n", students[i].ID, students[i].Name, students[i].Mark1, students[i].Mark2, students[i].Mark3, students[i].Mark4, students[i].All, students[i].Average);
    }
    fclose(fp);
}
void Load()
{
    FILE* fp = fopen("temp.txt", "r");
    fscanf(fp, "%d", &num);
    for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
    {
        fscanf(fp, "%s %s %f %f %f %f %f %f\n", students[i].ID, students[i].Name, &students[i].Mark1, &students[i].Mark2, &students[i].Mark3, &students[i].Mark4, &students[i].All, &students[i].Average);
    }
    fclose(fp);
}

int main() {
    int i;
    while (1) {
        Load();
        printf("\t\t\t\t\t-------- 学生成绩管理系统-------\n\n\n\n");     //菜单 
        printf("\t\t\t\t\t1. 增加学生记录\n\n");
        printf("\t\t\t\t\t2. 修改学生记录\n\n");
        printf("\t\t\t\t\t3. 删除学生记录\n\n");
        printf("\t\t\t\t\t4. 插入学生记录\n\n");
        printf("\t\t\t\t\t5. 显示所有记录\n\n");
        printf("\t\t\t\t\t6. 查询学生记录\n\n");
        printf("\t\t\t\t\t7. 按平均成绩排序\n\n");
        printf("\t\t\t\t\t8. 输出各科目不及格学生\n\n");
        printf("\t\t\t\t\t9. 输出各科目最高分\n\n");
        printf("\t\t\t\t\t0. 退出\n\n\n");
        printf("请选择(0-9):");
        scanf("%d", &i);
        switch (i) {
        case 1:inputt(); break;
        case 2:modify(); break;
        case 3:deletee(); break;
        case 4:insert(); break;
        case 5:display(); break;
        case 6:search(); break;
        case 7:sort(); break;
        case 8:SearchLow(); break;
        case 9:SearchHigh(); break;
        case 0:exit(0);
        default:;
        }
        Save();
    }
    return 0;
}