【爬虫实战】用pyhon爬百度故事会专栏

news2024/11/25 11:05:35

一.爬虫需求

获取对应所有专栏数据；
自动实现分页；
多线程爬取；
批量多账号爬取；
保存到mysql、csv（本案例以mysql为例）；
保存数据时已存在就更新，无数据就添加；

二.最终效果

三.项目代码

3.1 新建项目

本文使用scrapy分布式、多线程爬虫框架编写的高性能爬虫，因此新建、运行scrapy项目3步骤：

1.新建项目:
scrapy startproject author

2.新建 spider:
scrapy genspider author "baidu.com"

3.运行 spider:
scrapy crawl authorSpider

注意：author 是spider中的name

4.编写item：

# Author专栏（xxx备注是预留未知对应字段）
class AuthorZhuanLanItem(scrapy.Item):

    # 专栏author_id
    author_id = scrapy.Field()
    # 专栏feed_id
    feed_id = scrapy.Field()

    praise_num = scrapy.Field()

    comment_num = scrapy.Field()

    is_praise = scrapy.Field()

    forward_num = scrapy.Field()

    live_back_num = scrapy.Field()
    # 加入书架的人数
    collect = scrapy.Field()

    unread = scrapy.Field()

5.编写爬虫解析代码：


# Author专栏数据
class AuthorItemPipeline(object):

    def open_spider(self, spider):
        if spider.name == 'author':
            # 插入数据sql
            self.insert_sql = "INSERT INTO author(author_id,feed_id,praise_num,comment_num,is_praise,forward_num,live_back_num,collect,unread) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"
            # 更新数据sql
            self.update_sql = "UPDATE author SET praise_num=%s,comment_num=%s,is_praise=%s,forward_num=%s,live_back_num=%s,collect=%s,unread=%s WHERE feed_id=%s"
            # 查询数据sql
            self.query_sql = "SELECT * FROM author WHERE feed_id=%s"
            # 初始化数据库链接对象
            pool = PooledDB(pymysql,
                            MYSQL['limit_count'],
                            host=MYSQL["host"],
                            user=MYSQL["username"],
                            passwd=MYSQL["password"],
                            db=MYSQL["database"],
                            port=MYSQL["port"],
                            charset=MYSQL["charset"],
                            use_unicode=True)
            self.conn = pool.connection()
            self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
            
    # 保存数据
     def process_item(self, item, spider):
        try:
            if spider.name == 'author':
                # 检查表中数据是否已经存在
                counts = self.cursor.execute(self.query_sql, (item['feed_id']))
                # counts大于0说明已经存在，使用更新sql，否则使用插入sql
                if counts > 0:
                    self.cursor.execute(
                        self.update_sql,
                         (
                        ...
                        )
                else:
                    self.cursor.execute(
                        self.insert_sql,
                        (
                        ...
                        )
                ...
        except BaseException as e:
            print("author错误在这里>>>>>>>>>>>>>", e, "<<<<<<<<<<<<<错误在这里")
        return item

import re
import scrapy
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs
from urllib.parse import urlencode
from baidu.settings import MAX_PAGE, author_headers, author_cookies
from ..items import AuthorZhuanLanItem
from baidu.Utils import Tool

tool = Tool()
"""
爬虫功能：
用户-专栏-列表
"""

class AuthorSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'author'
    allowed_domains = ['baidu.com']

    base_url = 'xxx'

    zhuanlan_url = "xxx"
    
    params = {
        ...
    }
    headers = {
        "User-Agent":
        "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 13_2_3 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/13.0.3 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1"
    }



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