MVVM与Binding
MVVM,即Model-View-ViewModel的首字母缩写,在这种开发模式下常用binding来对View和ViewModel进行绑定。
添加三个文件夹,分别命名为Models、Views、ViewModels。
在Model文件夹中,添加Student类,并将Student.cs代码替换为如下代码:
//Student.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace WpfTest2.Models
{
public class Student
{
//以下两个都是属性,不是字段;因为教程的不规范没有首字母大写
public string id { get; set; }
public string name { get; set; }
}
}
在Models文件夹中,添加Score类,并将Score.cs代码替换为如下代码:
//Score.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace WpfTest2.Models
{
public class Score
{
public string stuId { get; set; }
public string subject { get; set; }
public int score { get; set; }
}
}
在ViewModels文件夹中添加CardViewModel类,并将代码替换为如下代码:
//CardViewModel.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using WpfTest2.Models; //注意这里
namespace WpfTest2.ViewModels
{
public class CardViewModel
{
public Student student { get; set; }
public Score score { get; set; }
}
}
从上面的步骤可以看出,我们有了两个Model,一个ViewModel。实际开发中,Model一般是数据库表映射的实体,而ViewModel是我们自定义的与一个View完全绑定的数据模型。下面我们在Views文件夹中,添加一个用户控件,命名为Card。并将Card.xaml代码替换为:
<!--Card.xaml-->
<UserControl x:Class="WpfTest2.Views.Card"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfTest2.Views"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="300" d:DesignWidth="300">
<UserControl.Resources>
<Style TargetType="TextBlock">
<Setter Property="FontSize" Value="20"></Setter>
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="10"></Setter>
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White"></Setter>
<Setter Property="Width" Value="100"></Setter>
<Setter Property="Height" Value="35"></Setter>
</Style>
<Style TargetType="StackPanel" x:Key="sp-h">
<Setter Property="Background" Value="Black"></Setter>
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="5"></Setter>
</Style>
</UserControl.Resources>
<Grid Margin="10">
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition Height="50"></RowDefinition>
<RowDefinition></RowDefinition>
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<Border Grid.RowSpan="2" BorderThickness="0" Background="Black" CornerRadius="20">
</Border>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Grid.Row="0" Style="{StaticResource sp-h}" Margin="10,5,10,5">
<TextBlock Text="{Binding student.name}"></TextBlock>
</StackPanel>
<StackPanel Orientation="Vertical" Grid.Row="1" Margin="5,10,5,10">
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Style="{StaticResource sp-h}">
<TextBlock Text="id:"></TextBlock>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding score.stuId}"></TextBlock>
</StackPanel>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Style="{StaticResource sp-h}">
<TextBlock Text="subject:"></TextBlock>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding score.subject}"></TextBlock>
</StackPanel>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Style="{StaticResource sp-h}">
<TextBlock Text="score:"></TextBlock>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding score.score}"></TextBlock>
</StackPanel>
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</UserControl>
将Card.xaml.cs代码替换为以下代码:
//Card.xaml.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using WpfTest2.ViewModels; //注意这里
namespace WpfTest2.Views
{
/// <summary>
/// Card.xaml 的交互逻辑
/// </summary>
public partial class Card : UserControl
{
public Card()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
//这里是构造函数的重载,有参数的构造函数需要执行无参构造器中的代码,为了省去重复代码的编写,这里就继承了。
public Card(CardViewModel vm) : this()
{
//DataContext属性是绑定的默认源。它允许指定一个绑定的基。
//详细的在这里:https://blog.csdn.net/seanbei/article/details/53207620
this.DataContext = vm;
}
}
}
此时,我们的解决方案视图如下:
下面我们将在MainWindow中使用我们的Card。
打开MainWindow.xaml,将代码替换为:
<!--MainWindow.xaml-->
<Window x:Class="WpfTest2.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfTest2"
mc:Ignorable="d"
Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
<Grid>
<WrapPanel Name="wpCardList">
</WrapPanel>
</Grid>
</Window>
WrapPanel用法:https://blog.csdn.net/seanbei/article/details/52893767
打开MainWindow.xaml.cs,将代码替换为:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
namespace WpfTest2
{
/// <summary>
/// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
/// </summary>
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
Models.Student stu = new Models.Student() { id = "111", name = "吴凡" };
Models.Score sc = new Models.Score() { stuId = "111", subject = "语文", score = 100 };
ViewModels.CardViewModel cardVm = new ViewModels.CardViewModel() { student = stu, score = sc };
Views.Card card = new Views.Card(cardVm);
wpCardList.Children.Add(card);
Models.Score sc1 = new Models.Score() { stuId = "111", subject = "数学", score = 99 };
ViewModels.CardViewModel cardVm1 = new ViewModels.CardViewModel() { student = stu, score = sc1 };
Views.Card card1 = new Views.Card(cardVm1);
wpCardList.Children.Add(card1);
}
}
}
运行效果:
分析以上代码,不难发现,通过MVVM的开发模式,使用数据库表映射实体作为Models,使用UserControl作为Views,使用自定义类作为ViewModel,可以让代码整体结构非常清晰,而且通过UserControl的动态创建、删除等操作,可以很容易的实现子页面的跳转、复杂的自定义列表等操作。
关于Binding的使用,在上面的代码中也有体现。对于用户控件Card,首先在后台代码中设置this.DataContext = vm,然后在xaml页面中使用{Binding 属性值}进行数据绑定。这其实是简写方式,写全后为{Binding Path=属性值}。除了使用这种方法绑定后台设置的DataContext的值外,还可以通过{Binding ElementName=name Path=prop}来绑定页面内的其他控件的指定属性值。如:
<TextBlock Text={Binding ElementName="btn1" Path="Content"}></TextBlock>
比如,使MainWindow的title显示为wpCardList的Children的数量,则可以将MainWindow.xaml替换为如下代码:
<Window x:Class="WpfTest2.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfTest2"
mc:Ignorable="d"
Title="{Binding ElementName=wpCardList, Path=Children.Count}" Height="800" Width="1000">//这里是新增的
<Grid>
<WrapPanel Name="wpCardList">
</WrapPanel>
</Grid>
</Window>