Oracle-创建PDB
创建PDB的方式
- 从PDB$SEED新建PDB
- 克隆已存在的PDB
- 本地PDB克隆到同一个CDB中
- 将远程PDB克隆到CDB中
- 将非CDB插入或克隆到CDB中
- 通过插拔的方式创建PDB
sql 命令语法
条件
- CDB必须open并且read write模式
- 连接CDB$ROOT 用户并且具有CREATEPLUGGABLEDATABASE系统权限
具体实现
从PDB$SEED新建PDB
示例
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE salespdb
ADMIN USER salesadm IDENTIFIED BY password
ROLES = (dba)
DEFAULT TABLESPACE sales
DATAFILE '/disk1/oracle/dbs/salespdb/sales01.dbf' SIZE 250M AUTOEXTEND ON
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/disk1/oracle/dbs/pdbseed/',
'/disk1/oracle/dbs/salespdb/')
STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G)
PATH_PREFIX = '/disk1/oracle/dbs/salespdb/';
参数说明
| 关键字 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| ADMIN USER | 用于执行管理任务的本地用户 |
| STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G) | 指定了PDB可用的最大空间 |
| DEFAULT TABLESPACE | 为PDB指定默认的Tablespace |
| PATH_PREFIX | 用来限制directory objects/Oracle XML/Create pfile/Oracle wallets所在的目录 |
| FILE_NAME_CONVERT | 设置子容器和数据文件副本的位置 |
create pluggable database命令创建PDB2
-- 12.1
create pluggable database pdb2 admin user pdb2_admin identified by oracle roles=(connect) file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB3/pdbseed','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB3/pdb2');
-- 12.2
create pluggable database pdb2 admin user pdbadmin identified by "oracle" create_file_dest='+DATA';
打开PDB2
alter pluggable database pdb2 open instances=all;
alter pluggable database pdb2 save state instances=all;
show pdbs;
set lines 168 pages 99
col name for a16
col open_mode for a16
col restricted for a12
select inst_id, con_id, name, open_mode, restricted from gv$containers;
克隆已存在的PDB
克隆本地PDB
在12.1版本中在创建PDB时，SOURCE PDB必须处于read only状态，在12.2版本中，因为undo local mode新特性的推出，在创建PDB时，SOURCE PDB在read write状态也可以创建。而且，在12.2版本中Oracle推出了refresh PDB特性，具有对SOURCE PDB进行增量同步的功能。
注意事项
- 如果CDB为shared undo，PDB必须为READ-ONLY状态
- 如果CDB不是归档模式，那么PDB必须为READ-ONLY状态
- 如果是Oracle Database 版本为12.1，那么PDB只能为READ-ONLY状态，因在12.1中undo模式，还只能选择shared undo
- 使用的用户必须拥有 CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE 的权限
示例
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE newpdb FROM salespdb
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/disk1/oracle/dbs/salespdb/', '/disk1/oracle/dbs/newpdb/')
PATH_PREFIX = '/disk1/oracle/dbs/newpdb';
检查undo模式
COL PROPERTY_NAME FOR A24
COL PROPERTY_VALUE FOR A16
SELECT property_name, property_value
FROM database_properties
WHERE property_name='LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED';
克隆方式创建PDB
create pluggable database pdb3 from pdb2 file_name_convert=('pdb2','pdb3');
打开PDB3
alter pluggable database pdb3 open instances=all;
alter pluggable database pdb3 save state instances=all;
show pdbs;
set lines 168 pages 99
col name for a16
col open_mode for a16
col restricted for a12
select inst_id, con_id, name, open_mode, restricted from gv$containers;
克隆远程PDB或non-CDB
注意事项
- 如果PDB被Clone到的CDB的字符集不是AL32UTF8，那么源与目标字符集必须兼容。
- 源端与目标端的字节顺序必须相同.
- 连接的用户在CDB中必须拥有'CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE'的权限
- 源PDB不可以是关闭状态
- 如果远端CDB为shared undo，源PDB必须为READ-ONLY状态
- 如果远端CDB不是归档模式，源PDB必须为READ-ONLY状态
准备
查看源端与目标的字符集
col parameter for a30
col value for a30
select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET'
or parameter='NLS_LANGUAGE' or parameter='NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET';
检查字节序
col platform_name for a32
SELECT d.inst_id, t.platform_id, t.platform_name, t.endian_format, d.name FROM v$transportable_platform t, gv$database d
WHERE t.platform_name = d.platform_name;
检查undo模式
COL PROPERTY_NAME FOR A24
COL PROPERTY_VALUE FOR A16
SELECT property_name, property_value
FROM database_properties
WHERE property_name='LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED';
源库启动只读模式
startup open read only;
select open_mode from v$database;
目标CDB中配置
配置tnsnames.ora文件
cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
cat> tnsnames.ora <<EOF
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.10.181)(PORT = 1533))
(LOAD_BALANCE = YES)
(FAILOVER = ON)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER= DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ORCL)
(FAILOVER_MODE =
(TYPE = select)
(METHOD = basic)
(RETRIES = 180)
(DELAY = 5)
)
)
)
EOF
创建dblink
create database link dblink1 connect to sys identified by oracle using 'orcl';
使用的用户必须拥有 CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE 的权限
验证dblink连接
select sysdate from dual@dblink1;
克隆方式创建PDB
-- non-CDB
create pluggable database pdb4 from non$cdb@dblink1 file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB3/pdb4');
-- remote pdb
create pluggable database pdb4 from pdb1@dblink1 file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB3/pdb4');
non-CDB转换pdb(可选)
alter session set container=pdb4;
show pdbs
@?/rdbms/admin/noncdb_to_pdb.sql
打开PDB
alter pluggable database pdb4 open instances=all;
alter pluggable database pdb4 save state instances=all;
show pdbs;
set lines 168 pages 99
col name for a16
col open_mode for a16
col restricted for a12
select inst_id, con_id, name, open_mode, restricted from gv$containers;
拔插PDB
拔出PDB
关闭PDB
alter pluggable database pdb1 close immediate instances=all;
拔出PDB
alter pluggable database pdb1 unplug into '/tmp/pdb1.xml';
删除PDB
drop pluggable database pdb1 keep datafiles;
keep datafiles：保留数据文件，不删除数据文件
将拔插的PDB插入CDB
检查兼容性
使用DBMS_PDB.CHECK_PLUG_COMPATIBILITY函数检查拔出的pdb1与cdb1是否兼容
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
compatible CONSTANT VARCHAR2(3) :=
CASE DBMS_PDB.CHECK_PLUG_COMPATIBILITY(
pdb_descr_file => '/tmp/pdb1.xml',
pdb_name => 'PDB1')
WHEN TRUE THEN 'YES'
ELSE 'NO'
END;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(compatible);
END;
/
示例
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE salespdb
USING '/disk1/usr/salespdb.xml'
SOURCE_FILE_NAME_CONVERT =
('/disk1/oracle/dbs/salespdb/', '/disk2/oracle/dbs/salespdb/')
NOCOPY
STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G)
TEMPFILE REUSE;
插入CDB1
create pluggable database pdb1 using '/tmp/pdb1.xml' nocopy;
COPY- Copy the tablespace files to the new location.MOVE- Move the tablespace files to the new location.NOCOPY- Do not copy or move the tablespace files to the new location.
打开PDB
alter pluggable database pdb1 open instances=all;
alter pluggable database pdb1 save state instances=all;
show pdbs;
set lines 168 pages 99
col name for a16
col open_mode for a16
col restricted for a12
select inst_id, con_id, name, open_mode, restricted from gv$containers;
