【雕爷学编程】Arduino动手做（200）---WS2812B幻彩LED灯带6

37款传感器与模块的提法，在网络上广泛流传，其实Arduino能够兼容的传感器模块肯定是不止37种的。鉴于本人手头积累了一些传感器和执行器模块，依照实践出真知（一定要动手做）的理念，以学习和交流为目的，这里准备逐一动手试试多做实验，不管成功与否，都会记录下来——小小的进步或是搞不掂的问题，希望能够抛砖引玉。

【Arduino】168种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
实验二百：WS2812B幻彩LED灯带 5V全彩灯条5050灯珠内置IC炫彩单点单控软灯条模块

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知识点：WS2812B
是一个集控制电路与发光电路于一体的智能外控LED光源。其外型与一个5050LED灯珠相同，每个元件即为一个像素点。像素点内部包含了智能数字接口数据锁存信号整形放大驱动电路，还包含有高精度的内部振荡器和12V高压可编程定电流控制部分，有效保证了像素点光的颜色高度一致。数据协议采用单线归零码的通讯方式，像素点在上电复位以后，DIN端接受从控制器传输过来的数据，首先送过来的24bit数据被第一个像素点提取后，送到像素点内部的数据锁存器，剩余的数据经过内部整形处理电路整形放大后通过DO端口开始转发输出给下一个级联的像素点，每经过一个像素点的传输，信号减少24bit。像素点采用自动整形转发技术，使得该像素点的级联个数不受信号传送的限制，仅仅受限信号传输速度要求。

主要特点
1、智能反接保护，电源反接不会损坏IC。
2、IC控制电路与LED点光源公用一个电源。
3、控制电路与RGB芯片集成在一个5050封装的元器件中，构成一个完整的外控像素点。
4、内置信号整形电路，任何一个像素点收到信号后经过波形整形再输出，保证线路波形畸变不会累加。
5、内置上电复位和掉电复位电路。
6、每个像素点的三基色颜色可实现256级亮度显示，完成16777216种颜色的全真色彩显示，扫描频率不低于400Hz/s。
7、串行级联接口，能通过一根信号线完成数据的接收与解码。
8、任意两点传传输距离在不超过5米时无需增加任何电路。
9、当刷新速率30帧/秒时，级联数不小于1024点。
10、数据发送速度可达800Kbps。
11、光的颜色高度一致，性价比高。

应用领域
具有低电压驱动，环保节能，亮度高，散射角度大，一致性好，超低功率，超长寿命等优点。将控制电路集成于LED上面，电路变得更加简单，体积小，安装更加简便。主要应用领域，LED全彩发光字灯串，LED全彩模组， LED全彩软灯条硬灯条，LED护栏管。LED点光源，LED像素屏，LED异形屏，各种电子产品，电器设备跑马灯等。
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Arduino实验接线示意图

测试环境中可以直接使用Arduino的5V引脚直接供电，如果灯带长度过长，则需要外接电源。下为实验接线示意图。
在这里插入图片描述
实验提示
1、可以在电源到地之间连接一个电容在 100uF 到 1000uF 之间的电容器，以平滑电源。
2、在 Arduino 数字输出引脚和条形数据输入引脚之间添加一个 220 或 470 Ohm 电阻器，以减少该线路上的噪声。
3、使arduino，电源和条带之间的电线尽可能短，以最大程度地减少电压损失。
4、如果您的灯条损坏且无法正常工作，请检查第一个 LED 是否损坏。如果是这样，剪掉它，重新焊接头针，它应该会再次工作。
5、WS2812 需要 5v 电源，每个 LED 在其全亮度下需要大约 60mA 电流。如果您的 LED 灯条有 30 个 LED，您需要 60mA x 30 = 1800 mA 或 1.8 Amp 电流。因此，您必须使用额定电流为 1.8 安培或更高的 5v 电源。

在这里插入图片描述

【Arduino】168种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
实验二百一十六：WS2812B幻彩LED灯带 5V全彩灯条5050灯珠内置IC炫彩单点单控软灯条模块
实验程序十六：太平洋——‎‎温柔的蓝绿色海浪

Arduino实验开源代码

/*
  【Arduino】168种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
  实验二百一十六：WS2812B幻彩LED灯带 5V全彩灯条5050灯珠内置IC炫彩单点单控软灯条模块
  实验程序十六：太平洋——‎‎温柔的蓝绿色海浪
*/

#define FASTLED_ALLOW_INTERRUPTS 0
#include <FastLED.h>
FASTLED_USING_NAMESPACE

#define DATA_PIN            6
#define NUM_LEDS            24
#define MAX_POWER_MILLIAMPS 500
#define LED_TYPE            WS2812B
#define COLOR_ORDER         GRB

//

CRGB leds[NUM_LEDS];

void setup() {
  delay( 3000); // 3 second delay for boot recovery, and a moment of silence
  FastLED.addLeds<LED_TYPE,DATA_PIN,COLOR_ORDER>(leds, NUM_LEDS)
        .setCorrection( TypicalLEDStrip );
  FastLED.setMaxPowerInVoltsAndMilliamps( 5, MAX_POWER_MILLIAMPS);
}

void loop(){
  EVERY_N_MILLISECONDS( 20) {
    pacifica_loop();
    FastLED.show();
  }
}

//
//
// The code for this animation is more complicated than other examples, and 
// while it is "ready to run", and documented in general, it is probably not 
// the best starting point for learning.  Nevertheless, it does illustrate some
// useful techniques.
//
//
//
// In this animation, there are four "layers" of waves of light.  
//
// Each layer moves independently, and each is scaled separately.
//
// All four wave layers are added together on top of each other, and then 
// another filter is applied that adds "whitecaps" of brightness where the 
// waves line up with each other more.  Finally, another pass is taken
// over the led array to 'deepen' (dim) the blues and greens.
//
// The speed and scale and motion each layer varies slowly within independent 
// hand-chosen ranges, which is why the code has a lot of low-speed 'beatsin8' functions
// with a lot of oddly specific numeric ranges.
//
// These three custom blue-green color palettes were inspired by the colors found in
// the waters off the southern coast of California, https://goo.gl/maps/QQgd97jjHesHZVxQ7
//
CRGBPalette16 pacifica_palette_1 = 
    { 0x000507, 0x000409, 0x00030B, 0x00030D, 0x000210, 0x000212, 0x000114, 0x000117, 
      0x000019, 0x00001C, 0x000026, 0x000031, 0x00003B, 0x000046, 0x14554B, 0x28AA50 };
CRGBPalette16 pacifica_palette_2 = 
    { 0x000507, 0x000409, 0x00030B, 0x00030D, 0x000210, 0x000212, 0x000114, 0x000117, 
      0x000019, 0x00001C, 0x000026, 0x000031, 0x00003B, 0x000046, 0x0C5F52, 0x19BE5F };
CRGBPalette16 pacifica_palette_3 = 
    { 0x000208, 0x00030E, 0x000514, 0x00061A, 0x000820, 0x000927, 0x000B2D, 0x000C33, 
      0x000E39, 0x001040, 0x001450, 0x001860, 0x001C70, 0x002080, 0x1040BF, 0x2060FF };


void pacifica_loop()
{
  // Increment the four "color index start" counters, one for each wave layer.
  // Each is incremented at a different speed, and the speeds vary over time.
  static uint16_t sCIStart1, sCIStart2, sCIStart3, sCIStart4;
  static uint32_t sLastms = 0;
  uint32_t ms = GET_MILLIS();
  uint32_t deltams = ms - sLastms;
  sLastms = ms;
  uint16_t speedfactor1 = beatsin16(3, 179, 269);
  uint16_t speedfactor2 = beatsin16(4, 179, 269);
  uint32_t deltams1 = (deltams * speedfactor1) / 256;
  uint32_t deltams2 = (deltams * speedfactor2) / 256;
  uint32_t deltams21 = (deltams1 + deltams2) / 2;
  sCIStart1 += (deltams1 * beatsin88(1011,10,13));
  sCIStart2 -= (deltams21 * beatsin88(777,8,11));
  sCIStart3 -= (deltams1 * beatsin88(501,5,7));
  sCIStart4 -= (deltams2 * beatsin88(257,4,6));

  // Clear out the LED array to a dim background blue-green
  fill_solid( leds, NUM_LEDS, CRGB( 2, 6, 10));

  // Render each of four layers, with different scales and speeds, that vary over time
  pacifica_one_layer( pacifica_palette_1, sCIStart1, beatsin16( 3, 11 * 256, 14 * 256), beatsin8( 10, 70, 130), 0-beat16( 301) );
  pacifica_one_layer( pacifica_palette_2, sCIStart2, beatsin16( 4,  6 * 256,  9 * 256), beatsin8( 17, 40,  80), beat16( 401) );
  pacifica_one_layer( pacifica_palette_3, sCIStart3, 6 * 256, beatsin8( 9, 10,38), 0-beat16(503));
  pacifica_one_layer( pacifica_palette_3, sCIStart4, 5 * 256, beatsin8( 8, 10,28), beat16(601));

  // Add brighter 'whitecaps' where the waves lines up more
  pacifica_add_whitecaps();

  // Deepen the blues and greens a bit
  pacifica_deepen_colors();
}

// Add one layer of waves into the led array
void pacifica_one_layer( CRGBPalette16& p, uint16_t cistart, uint16_t wavescale, uint8_t bri, uint16_t ioff)
{
  uint16_t ci = cistart;
  uint16_t waveangle = ioff;
  uint16_t wavescale_half = (wavescale / 2) + 20;
  for( uint16_t i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++) {
    waveangle += 250;
    uint16_t s16 = sin16( waveangle ) + 32768;
    uint16_t cs = scale16( s16 , wavescale_half ) + wavescale_half;
    ci += cs;
    uint16_t sindex16 = sin16( ci) + 32768;
    uint8_t sindex8 = scale16( sindex16, 240);
    CRGB c = ColorFromPalette( p, sindex8, bri, LINEARBLEND);
    leds[i] += c;
  }
}

// Add extra 'white' to areas where the four layers of light have lined up brightly
void pacifica_add_whitecaps()
{
  uint8_t basethreshold = beatsin8( 9, 55, 65);
  uint8_t wave = beat8( 7 );
  
  for( uint16_t i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++) {
    uint8_t threshold = scale8( sin8( wave), 20) + basethreshold;
    wave += 7;
    uint8_t l = leds[i].getAverageLight();
    if( l > threshold) {
      uint8_t overage = l - threshold;
      uint8_t overage2 = qadd8( overage, overage);
      leds[i] += CRGB( overage, overage2, qadd8( overage2, overage2));
    }
  }
}

// Deepen the blues and greens
void pacifica_deepen_colors()
{
  for( uint16_t i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++) {
    leds[i].blue = scale8( leds[i].blue,  145); 
    leds[i].green= scale8( leds[i].green, 200); 
    leds[i] |= CRGB( 2, 5, 7);
  }
}

在这里插入图片描述

【Arduino】168种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
实验二百一十六：WS2812B幻彩LED灯带 5V全彩灯条5050灯珠内置IC炫彩单点单控软灯条模块
实验程序十七：内置调色板（森林，云彩，熔岩，海洋，派对）

Arduino实验开源代码

/*
  【Arduino】168种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
  实验二百一十六：WS2812B幻彩LED灯带 5V全彩灯条5050灯珠内置IC炫彩单点单控软灯条模块
  实验程序十七：内置调色板（森林，云彩，熔岩，海洋，派对）
*/

#include <FastLED.h>

#define LED_PIN     6
#define BRIGHTNESS  24
#define LED_TYPE    WS2811
#define COLOR_ORDER GRB
#define BRIGHTNESS  33

// Params for width and height
const uint8_t kMatrixWidth  = 24;
const uint8_t kMatrixHeight = 1;

// Param for different pixel layouts
const bool    kMatrixSerpentineLayout = true;

#define NUM_LEDS (kMatrixWidth * kMatrixHeight)
#define MAX_DIMENSION ((kMatrixWidth>kMatrixHeight) ? kMatrixWidth : kMatrixHeight)

// The leds
CRGB leds[kMatrixWidth * kMatrixHeight];

// The 16 bit version of our coordinates
static uint16_t x;
static uint16_t y;
static uint16_t z;

// We're using the x/y dimensions to map to the x/y pixels on the matrix.  We'll
// use the z-axis for "time".  speed determines how fast time moves forward.  Try
// 1 for a very slow moving effect, or 60 for something that ends up looking like
// water.
uint16_t speed = 20; // speed is set dynamically once we've started up

// Scale determines how far apart the pixels in our noise matrix are.  Try
// changing these values around to see how it affects the motion of the display.  The
// higher the value of scale, the more "zoomed out" the noise iwll be.  A value
// of 1 will be so zoomed in, you'll mostly see solid colors.
uint16_t scale = 30; // scale is set dynamically once we've started up

// This is the array that we keep our computed noise values in
uint8_t noise[MAX_DIMENSION][MAX_DIMENSION];

CRGBPalette16 currentPalette( PartyColors_p );
uint8_t       colorLoop = 1;

void setup() {
  delay(3000);
  FastLED.addLeds<LED_TYPE,LED_PIN,COLOR_ORDER>(leds,NUM_LEDS);
  FastLED.setBrightness(BRIGHTNESS);

  // Initialize our coordinates to some random values
  x = random16();
  y = random16();
  z = random16();
}

// Fill the x/y array of 8-bit noise values using the inoise8 function.
void fillnoise8() {
  // If we're runing at a low "speed", some 8-bit artifacts become visible
  // from frame-to-frame.  In order to reduce this, we can do some fast data-smoothing.
  // The amount of data smoothing we're doing depends on "speed".
  uint8_t dataSmoothing = 0;
  if( speed < 50) {
    dataSmoothing = 200 - (speed * 4);
  }
  
  for(int i = 0; i < MAX_DIMENSION; i++) {
    int ioffset = scale * i;
    for(int j = 0; j < MAX_DIMENSION; j++) {
      int joffset = scale * j;
      
      uint8_t data = inoise8(x + ioffset,y + joffset,z);

      // The range of the inoise8 function is roughly 16-238.
      // These two operations expand those values out to roughly 0..255
      // You can comment them out if you want the raw noise data.
      data = qsub8(data,16);
      data = qadd8(data,scale8(data,39));

      if( dataSmoothing ) {
        uint8_t olddata = noise[i][j];
        uint8_t newdata = scale8( olddata, dataSmoothing) + scale8( data, 256 - dataSmoothing);
        data = newdata;
      }
      
      noise[i][j] = data;
    }
  }
  
  z += speed;
  
  // apply slow drift to X and Y, just for visual variation.
  x += speed / 8;
  y -= speed / 16;
}

void mapNoiseToLEDsUsingPalette()
{
  static uint8_t ihue=0;
  
  for(int i = 0; i < kMatrixWidth; i++) {
    for(int j = 0; j < kMatrixHeight; j++) {
      // We use the value at the (i,j) coordinate in the noise
      // array for our brightness, and the flipped value from (j,i)
      // for our pixel's index into the color palette.

      uint8_t index = noise[j][i];
      uint8_t bri =   noise[i][j];

      // if this palette is a 'loop', add a slowly-changing base value
      if( colorLoop) { 
        index += ihue;
      }

      // brighten up, as the color palette itself often contains the 
      // light/dark dynamic range desired
      if( bri > 127 ) {
        bri = 255;
      } else {
        bri = dim8_raw( bri * 2);
      }

      CRGB color = ColorFromPalette( currentPalette, index, bri);
      leds[XY(i,j)] = color;
    }
  }
  
  ihue+=1;
}

void loop() {
  // Periodically choose a new palette, speed, and scale
  ChangePaletteAndSettingsPeriodically();

  // generate noise data
  fillnoise8();
  
  // convert the noise data to colors in the LED array
  // using the current palette
  mapNoiseToLEDsUsingPalette();

  FastLED.show();
  // delay(10);
}

#define HOLD_PALETTES_X_TIMES_AS_LONG 1

void ChangePaletteAndSettingsPeriodically()
{
  uint8_t secondHand = ((millis() / 1000) / HOLD_PALETTES_X_TIMES_AS_LONG) % 60;
  static uint8_t lastSecond = 99;
  
  if( lastSecond != secondHand) {
    lastSecond = secondHand;
    if( secondHand ==  0)  { currentPalette = RainbowColors_p;         speed = 20; scale = 30; colorLoop = 1; }
    if( secondHand ==  5)  { SetupPurpleAndGreenPalette();             speed = 10; scale = 50; colorLoop = 1; }
    if( secondHand == 10)  { SetupBlackAndWhiteStripedPalette();       speed = 20; scale = 30; colorLoop = 1; }
    if( secondHand == 15)  { currentPalette = ForestColors_p;          speed =  8; scale =120; colorLoop = 0; }
    if( secondHand == 20)  { currentPalette = CloudColors_p;           speed =  4; scale = 30; colorLoop = 0; }
    if( secondHand == 25)  { currentPalette = LavaColors_p;            speed =  8; scale = 50; colorLoop = 0; }
    if( secondHand == 30)  { currentPalette = OceanColors_p;           speed = 20; scale = 90; colorLoop = 0; }
    if( secondHand == 35)  { currentPalette = PartyColors_p;           speed = 20; scale = 30; colorLoop = 1; }
    if( secondHand == 40)  { SetupRandomPalette();                     speed = 20; scale = 20; colorLoop = 1; }
    if( secondHand == 45)  { SetupRandomPalette();                     speed = 50; scale = 50; colorLoop = 1; }
    if( secondHand == 50)  { SetupRandomPalette();                     speed = 90; scale = 90; colorLoop = 1; }
    if( secondHand == 55)  { currentPalette = RainbowStripeColors_p;   speed = 30; scale = 20; colorLoop = 1; }
  }
}

// This function generates a random palette that's a gradient
// between four different colors.  The first is a dim hue, the second is 
// a bright hue, the third is a bright pastel, and the last is 
// another bright hue.  This gives some visual bright/dark variation
// which is more interesting than just a gradient of different hues.
void SetupRandomPalette()
{
  currentPalette = CRGBPalette16( 
                      CHSV( random8(), 255, 32), 
                      CHSV( random8(), 255, 255), 
                      CHSV( random8(), 128, 255), 
                      CHSV( random8(), 255, 255)); 
}

// This function sets up a palette of black and white stripes,
// using code.  Since the palette is effectively an array of
// sixteen CRGB colors, the various fill_* functions can be used
// to set them up.
void SetupBlackAndWhiteStripedPalette()
{
  // 'black out' all 16 palette entries...
  fill_solid( currentPalette, 16, CRGB::Black);
  // and set every fourth one to white.
  currentPalette[0] = CRGB::White;
  currentPalette[4] = CRGB::White;
  currentPalette[8] = CRGB::White;
  currentPalette[12] = CRGB::White;

}

// This function sets up a palette of purple and green stripes.
void SetupPurpleAndGreenPalette()
{
  CRGB purple = CHSV( HUE_PURPLE, 255, 255);
  CRGB green  = CHSV( HUE_GREEN, 255, 255);
  CRGB black  = CRGB::Black;
  
  currentPalette = CRGBPalette16( 
    green,  green,  black,  black,
    purple, purple, black,  black,
    green,  green,  black,  black,
    purple, purple, black,  black );
}


//
// Mark's xy coordinate mapping code.  See the XYMatrix for more information on it.
//
uint16_t XY( uint8_t x, uint8_t y)
{
  uint16_t i;
  if( kMatrixSerpentineLayout == false) {
    i = (y * kMatrixWidth) + x;
  }
  if( kMatrixSerpentineLayout == true) {
    if( y & 0x01) {
      // Odd rows run backwards
      uint8_t reverseX = (kMatrixWidth - 1) - x;
      i = (y * kMatrixWidth) + reverseX;
    } else {
      // Even rows run forwards
      i = (y * kMatrixWidth) + x;
    }
  }
  return i;
}

实验的视频记录

https://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNTg4NjQyMzE4OA==.html?spm=a2hcb.playlsit.page.1

在这里插入图片描述

【Arduino】168种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
实验二百一十六：WS2812B幻彩LED灯带 5V全彩灯条5050灯珠内置IC炫彩单点单控软灯条模块
实验程序十八：三速七彩风火轮

Arduino实验开源代码

/*
  【Arduino】168种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
  实验二百一十六：WS2812B幻彩LED灯带 5V全彩灯条5050灯珠内置IC炫彩单点单控软灯条模块
  实验程序十八：三速七彩风火轮
*/

#include <Adafruit_NeoPixel.h>
#define LED_PIN    6
#define LED_COUNT 24

Adafruit_NeoPixel strip(LED_COUNT, LED_PIN, NEO_GRB + NEO_KHZ800);

void setup() {

  strip.begin();           // INITIALIZE NeoPixel strip object (REQUIRED)
  strip.show();            // Turn OFF all pixels ASAP
  strip.setBrightness(30); // Set BRIGHTNESS to about 1/5 (max = 255)
}

void loop() {
 
  theaterChaseTwo(strip.Color(127, 127, 127), 100);  // set brightness to 100
  theaterChaseTwo(strip.Color(255, 255, 0), 100); 
  theaterChaseTwo(strip.Color(127, 0, 0), 100); 
  theaterChaseTwo(strip.Color(0, 255, 0), 100); 
  theaterChaseTwo(strip.Color(0, 0, 127), 100); 
  theaterChaseTwo(strip.Color(143, 0, 255), 100); 

  theaterChase(strip.Color(127, 127, 127), 50); // 50 = half brightness
  theaterChase(strip.Color(255, 255, 0), 50); 
  theaterChase(strip.Color(127,   0,   0), 50); 
  theaterChase(strip.Color(  0, 255,   0), 50); 
  theaterChase(strip.Color(  0,   0, 127), 50); 
  theaterChase(strip.Color(143, 0, 255), 50); 
  
  theaterChase(strip.Color(127, 127, 127), 25); // set brightness to 25
  theaterChase(strip.Color(255, 255, 0), 25); 
  theaterChase(strip.Color(127,   0,   0), 25); 
  theaterChase(strip.Color(  0, 255,   0), 25); 
  theaterChase(strip.Color(  0,   0, 127), 25); 
  theaterChase(strip.Color(143, 0, 255), 25);  
  
}

void theaterChase(uint32_t color, int wait) {
  for(int a=0; a<10; a++) {  
    for(int b=0; b<3; b++) { 
      strip.clear();         
     
      for(int c=b; c<strip.numPixels(); c += 3) {
        strip.setPixelColor(c, color); 
      }
      strip.show(); 
      delay(wait);  
    }
  }}
  
  void theaterChaseTwo(uint32_t color, int wait) {
  for(int a=0; a<5; a++) {  
    for(int b=0; b<4; b++) { 
      strip.clear();        
      
      for(int c=b; c<strip.numPixels(); c += 3) {
        strip.setPixelColor(c, color); 
      }
      strip.show();
      delay(wait);  
    }
  }}
  
  void theaterChaseThree(uint32_t color, int wait) {
  for(int a=0; a<10; a++) {  
    for(int b=0; b<2; b++) { 
      strip.clear();         
      
      for(int c=b; c<strip.numPixels(); c += 3) {
        strip.setPixelColor(c, color); 
      }
      strip.show(); 
      delay(wait); 
    }
  }}