一、Canal介绍

1、应用场景

在前面的统计分析功能中，我们采取了服务调用获取统计数据，这样耦合度高，效率相对较低，目前我采取另一种实现方式，通过实时同步数据库表的方式实现，例如我们要统计每天注册与登录人数，我们只需把会员表同步到统计库中，实现本地统计就可以了，这样效率更高，耦合度更低，Canal就是一个很好的数据库同步工具。canal是阿里巴巴旗下的一款开源项目，纯Java开发。基于数据库增量日志解析，提供增量数据订阅&消费，目前主要支持了MySQL。

2、Canal环境搭建

canal的原理是基于mysql binlog技术，所以这里一定需要开启mysql的binlog写入功能

开启mysql服务： service mysql start

（1）检查binlog功能是否有开启

（2）如果显示状态为OFF表示该功能未开启，开启binlog功能

（3）在mysql里面添加以下的相关用户和权限

3、下载安装Canal服务

下载地址： https://github.com/alibaba/canal/releases

（1）下载之后，放到目录中，解压文件

cd /usr/local/canal

canal.deployer-1.1.4.tar.gz

tar zxvf canal.deployer-1.1.4.tar.gz

（2）修改配置文件

vi conf/example/instance.properties

注：
mysql 数据解析关注的表，Perl正则表达式.
多个正则之间以逗号(,)分隔，转义符需要双斜杠(\)
常见例子：

所有表：. or .\..*
canal schema下所有表： canal\..*
canal下的以canal打头的表：canal\.canal.*
canal schema下的一张表：canal.test1
多个规则组合使用：canal\..*,mysql.test1,mysql.test2 (逗号分隔)
注意：此过滤条件只针对row模式的数据有效(ps. mixed/statement因为不解析sql，所以无法准确提取tableName进行过滤)

（3）进入bin目录下启动
sh bin/startup.sh

二、创建canal_client模块

1、创建canal_client模块

2、引入相关依赖

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--mysql-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.otter</groupId>
            <artifactId>canal.client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

3、创建application.yml配置文件

server:
  port: 8009
spring:
  application:
    name: caner_clientedu
  profiles:
    active: dev
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/education?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useSSL=false&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true
    username: root
    password: 419520

4、编写canal客户端类

package com.xingchen.canel.client;



import com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.CanalConnector;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.CanalConnectors;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.CanalEntry.*;
import com.alibaba.otter.canal.protocol.Message;
import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.DbUtils;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;


@Component
public class CanalClient {

    //sql队列
    private Queue<String> SQL_QUEUE = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();

    @Resource
    private DataSource dataSource;

    /**
     * canal入库方法
     */
    public void run() {

        CanalConnector connector = CanalConnectors.newSingleConnector(new InetSocketAddress("192.168.88.135",
                11111), "example", "", "");
        int batchSize = 1000;
        try {
            connector.connect();
            connector.subscribe(".*\\..*");
            connector.rollback();
            try {
                while (true) {
                    //尝试从master那边拉去数据batchSize条记录，有多少取多少
                    Message message = connector.getWithoutAck(batchSize);
                    long batchId = message.getId();
                    int size = message.getEntries().size();
                    if (batchId == -1 || size == 0) {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } else {
                        dataHandle(message.getEntries());
                    }
                    connector.ack(batchId);

                    //当队列里面堆积的sql大于一定数值的时候就模拟执行
                    if (SQL_QUEUE.size() >= 1) {
                        executeQueueSql();
                    }
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        } finally {
            connector.disconnect();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 模拟执行队列里面的sql语句
     */
    public void executeQueueSql() {
        int size = SQL_QUEUE.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            String sql = SQL_QUEUE.poll();
            System.out.println("[sql]----> " + sql);

            this.execute(sql.toString());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 数据处理
     *
     * @param entrys
     */
    private void dataHandle(List<Entry> entrys) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        for (Entry entry : entrys) {
            if (EntryType.ROWDATA == entry.getEntryType()) {
                RowChange rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());
                EventType eventType = rowChange.getEventType();
                if (eventType == EventType.DELETE) {
                    saveDeleteSql(entry);
                } else if (eventType == EventType.UPDATE) {
                    saveUpdateSql(entry);
                } else if (eventType == EventType.INSERT) {
                    saveInsertSql(entry);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 保存更新语句
     *
     * @param entry
     */
    private void saveUpdateSql(Entry entry) {
        try {
            RowChange rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());
            List<RowData> rowDatasList = rowChange.getRowDatasList();
            for (RowData rowData : rowDatasList) {
                List<Column> newColumnList = rowData.getAfterColumnsList();
                StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("update " + entry.getHeader().getTableName() + " set ");
                for (int i = 0; i < newColumnList.size(); i++) {
                    sql.append(" " + newColumnList.get(i).getName()
                            + " = '" + newColumnList.get(i).getValue() + "'");
                    if (i != newColumnList.size() - 1) {
                        sql.append(",");
                    }
                }
                sql.append(" where ");
                List<Column> oldColumnList = rowData.getBeforeColumnsList();
                for (Column column : oldColumnList) {
                    if (column.getIsKey()) {
                        //暂时只支持单一主键
                        sql.append(column.getName() + "=" + column.getValue());
                        break;
                    }
                }
                SQL_QUEUE.add(sql.toString());
            }
        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 保存删除语句
     *
     * @param entry
     */
    private void saveDeleteSql(Entry entry) {
        try {
            RowChange rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());
            List<RowData> rowDatasList = rowChange.getRowDatasList();
            for (RowData rowData : rowDatasList) {
                List<Column> columnList = rowData.getBeforeColumnsList();
                StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("delete from " + entry.getHeader().getTableName() + " where ");
                for (Column column : columnList) {
                    if (column.getIsKey()) {
                        //暂时只支持单一主键
                        sql.append(column.getName() + "=" + column.getValue());
                        break;
                    }
                }
                SQL_QUEUE.add(sql.toString());
            }
        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 保存插入语句
     *
     * @param entry
     */
    private void saveInsertSql(Entry entry) {
        try {
            RowChange rowChange = RowChange.parseFrom(entry.getStoreValue());
            List<RowData> rowDatasList = rowChange.getRowDatasList();
            for (RowData rowData : rowDatasList) {
                List<Column> columnList = rowData.getAfterColumnsList();
                StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("insert into " + entry.getHeader().getTableName() + " (");
                for (int i = 0; i < columnList.size(); i++) {
                    sql.append(columnList.get(i).getName());
                    if (i != columnList.size() - 1) {
                        sql.append(",");
                    }
                }
                sql.append(") VALUES (");
                for (int i = 0; i < columnList.size(); i++) {
                    sql.append("'" + columnList.get(i).getValue() + "'");
                    if (i != columnList.size() - 1) {
                        sql.append(",");
                    }
                }
                sql.append(")");
                SQL_QUEUE.add(sql.toString());
            }
        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 入库
     * @param sql
     */
    public void execute(String sql) {
        Connection con = null;
        try {
            if(null == sql) return;
            con = dataSource.getConnection();
            QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
            int row = qr.execute(con, sql);
            System.out.println("update: "+ row);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            DbUtils.closeQuietly(con);
        }
    }
}

5、创建启动类

package com.xingchen.canel;



import com.xingchen.canel.client.CanalClient;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@SpringBootApplication
public class CanalApplication implements CommandLineRunner{
    @Resource
    private CanalClient canalClient;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(CanalApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        canalClient.run();
    }


}