7. Selenium其它功能

7.1 Action Chains 动作链功能

WebDriver只能模拟针对特定元素的click, send_keys 操作，无法执行鼠标移动、悬浮、按键，选择菜单等操作，需要通过 Action Chains 类来操作
如下面操作，打开主菜单项后，再点击弹出的子菜单项

menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav # submenu1")
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(menu).click(hidden_submenu).perform()

也可以将多个动作排队，最后再执行

menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav # submenu1")
  
actions = ActionChains(driver)
actions.move_to_element(menu)
actions.click(hidden_submenu)
actions.perform()

Selenium Python动作链方法
可以使用动作链执行大量操作，例如单击，右键单击等。以下是动作链中使用的重要方法的列表

Method	Description
click	Clicks an element.
click_and_hold	Holds down the left mouse button on an element.
context_click	Performs a context-click (right click) on an element.
double_click	Double-clicks an element.
drag_and_drop	Holds down the left mouse button on the source element, then moves to the target element and releases the mouse button.
drag_and_drop_by_offset	Holds down the left mouse button on the source element, then moves to the target offset and releases the mouse button.
key_down	Sends a key press only, without releasing it.
key_up	Releases a modifier key.
move_by_offset	Moving the mouse to an offset from current mouse position.
move_to_element	Moving the mouse to the middle of an element.
move_to_element_with_offset	Move the mouse by an offset of the specified element, Offsets are relative to the top-left corner of the element.
perform	Performs all stored actions.
pause	Pause all inputs for the specified duration in seconds
release	Releasing a held mouse button on an element.
reset_actions	Clears actions that are already stored locally and on the remote end
send_keys	Sends keys to current focused element.

7.2 Alert 告警提示窗口相关操作

Selenium中的告警窗是一个小消息框，出现在屏幕上，为用户提供一些信息或通知。它通知用户一些特定信息或错误，请求执行某些任务的权限，还提供警告消息。

Alert 告警窗口的类型

1）简单告警窗
在这里插入图片描述
主要用于显示一些信息

2）输入型提示窗
此类告警空会询问用户的一些输入，Selenium 网络驱动程序可以使用 sendkeys（“ input…").
在这里插入图片描述
3) 确认窗口
提供几个操作选项，供用户选择

编程步骤
1）每当触发警报时，网页上都会出现一个弹出窗口。控件仅保留在父网页中。因此，Selenium Webdriver 的第一个任务是将焦点从父页面切换到警报弹出窗口。可以使用以下代码片段完成此操作。

alert_obj = driver.switch_to.alert

控件移动到弹出窗口后，我们可以使用推荐的方法对其执行不同的操作。
alert_obj.accept() – 用于接受提示窗口
alert_obj.dismiss() – 用于取消提示窗口
alert.send_keys() – 向提示窗口文本输入框输入内容
alert.text() – 获取提示信息

处理简单告警窗口

简单告警窗上有一条消息和一个“确定”按钮。当它弹出时，用户单击“确定”按钮接受它。

这是HTML代码，它将在单击主页上的“创建告警”按钮时生成简单告警
Simple_Alert.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body bgcolor="#C0C0C0">
<h1>
Simple Alert Demonstration</h1>
<p>
click the Below Button to create an Alert</p>
<button onclick="alertFunction()" name ="alert"> Create Alert</button>
<script>
function alertFunction() {
 alert("Hi!, I am a Simple Alert. Please Click on the 'OK' Button.");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

下面是selenium处理代码

from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.maximize_window()
location = "file://<Specify Path to Simple_Alert.HTML>"
driver.get(location)

#Click on the "Alert" button to generate the Simple ert
button = driver.find_element_by_name('alert')
button.click()

#Switch the control to the Alert window
obj = driver.switch_to.alert

#Retrieve the message on the Alert window
msg=obj.text
print ("Alert shows following message: "+ msg )

time.sleep(2)

#use the accept() method to accept the alert
obj.accept()

print(" Clicked on the OK Button in the Alert Window")

driver.close

处理输入提示框

如下提示框：
在这里插入图片描述
selenium代码如下：


from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.maximize_window()
location = "file://<Specify Path to Prompt_Alert.HTML>"
driver.get(location)

#Click on the "employeeLogin" button to generate the Prompt Alert
button = driver.find_element_by_name('continue')
button.click()

#Switch the control to the Alert window
obj = driver.switch_to.alert

time.sleep(2)

#Enter text into the Alert using send_keys()
obj.send_keys('Meenakshi')

time.sleep(2)

#use the accept() method to accept the alert
obj.accept()

#Retrieve the message on the Alert window
message=obj.text
print ("Alert shows following message: "+ message )

time.sleep(2)

obj.accept()

#get the text returned when OK Button is clicked.
txt = driver.find_element_by_id('msg')
print(txt.text)

driver.close