Linux系统（ Centos 7） 配置与管理Apache服务器实例详细步骤

服务器centos7-1

1.配置网络。

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

TYPE=Ethernet

PROXY_METHOD=none

BROWSER_ONLY=no

BOOTPROTO=static

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy

NAME=ens33

UUID=9f92031e-cb20-4cde-b796-6935a082ba86

DEVICE=ens33

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.168.10.1

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.10.1

2.安装Apache相关软件。

[root@centos7~]# rpm -q  httpd

未安装软件包 httpd

[root@centos7~]# mkdir /opt/centos

[root@centos7~]# mount /dev/cdrom /opt/centos

mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载

[root@centos7~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /home/

[root@centos7~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo

[centos]

name=centos

baseurl=file:///opt/centos

gpgcheck=0

enabled=1

[root@centos7~]# yum clean all

已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks

正在清理软件源： centos

Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

Other repos take up 568 M of disk space (use --verbose for details)

[root@centos7~]# yum install httpd -y

已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks

Determining fastest mirrors

centos                                                   | 3.6 kB     00:00     

(1/2): centos/group_gz                                     | 166 kB   00:00     

(2/2): centos/primary_db                                   | 3.1 MB   00:00     

正在解决依赖关系

--> 正在检查事务

---> 软件包 httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-88.el7.centos 将被 安装

--> 正在处理依赖关系 httpd-tools = 2.4.6-88.el7.centos，它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64 需要

--> 正在处理依赖关系 /etc/mime.types，它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64 需要

--> 正在检查事务

---> 软件包 httpd-tools.x86_64.0.2.4.6-88.el7.centos 将被 安装

---> 软件包 mailcap.noarch.0.2.1.41-2.el7 将被 安装

--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

================================================================================

 Package           架构         版本                         源            大小

================================================================================

正在安装:

 httpd             x86_64       2.4.6-88.el7.centos          centos       2.7 M

为依赖而安装:

 httpd-tools       x86_64       2.4.6-88.el7.centos          centos        90 k

 mailcap           noarch       2.1.41-2.el7                 centos        31 k

事务概要

================================================================================

安装  1 软件包 (+2 依赖软件包)

总下载量：2.8 M

安装大小：9.6 M

Downloading packages:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

总计                                                19 MB/s | 2.8 MB  00:00     

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

  正在安装    : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch                                 1/3

  正在安装    : httpd-tools-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64                      2/3

  正在安装    : httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64                            3/3

  验证中      : httpd-tools-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64                      1/3

  验证中      : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch                                 2/3

  验证中      : httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64                            3/3

已安装:

  httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-88.el7.centos                                            

作为依赖被安装:

  httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-88.el7.centos     mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7    

完毕！

[root@centos7~]# rpm -qa | grep httpd

httpd-tools-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64

httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64

[root@centos7~]# systemctl start httpd

[root@centos7~]# firewall-cmd --list-all

public (active)

  target: default

  icmp-block-inversion: no

  interfaces: ens36

  sources:

  services: dhcpv6-client ssh

  ports:

  protocols:

  masquerade: no

  forward-ports:

  source-ports:

  icmp-blocks:

  rich rules: 

3. 让防火墙放行，并设置SELinux为允许。

[root@centos7~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http

success

[root@centos7~]# firewall-cmd --reload

success

[root@centos7~]# firewall-cmd --list-all

public (active)

  target: default

  icmp-block-inversion: no

  interfaces: ens36

  sources:

  services: dhcpv6-client http ssh

  ports:

  protocols:

  masquerade: no

  forward-ports:

  source-ports:

  icmp-blocks:

  rich rules:

[root@centos7~]# setenforce 0

[root@centos7~]# getenforce

Permissive

4. 测试httpd服务是否安装成功。

[root@centos7~]# systemctl start httpd

[root@centos7~]# systemctl enable httpd

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.

[root@centos7~]# firefox http://127.0.0.1

 

5.设置文档根目录和首页文件。

[root@centos7~]# mkdir /home/www

[root@centos7~]# echo "The Web's DocumentRoot Test" > /home/www/myweb.html

[root@centos7~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

......

119  DocumentRoot "/home/www"

120

121  #

122  # Relax access to content within /var/www.

123  #

124  <Directory "/home/www">

125     AllowOverride None

126     # Allow open access:

127     Require all granted

128  </Directory>

......

163 <IfModule dir_module>

164     DirectoryIndex index.html  myweb.html

165 </IfModule>

[root@centos7~]# firewall-cmd --reload

success

[root@centos7~]# systemctl restart httpd

//此时可去

6.设置首页文件。

[root@centos7~]# useradd devil

[root@centos7~]# passwd devil

更改用户 devil 的密码 。

新的 密码：

无效的密码： 密码是一个回文

重新输入新的 密码：

passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。

[root@centos7~]# chmod 705 /home/devil

[root@centos7~]# mkdir /home/devil/public_html

[root@centos7~]# cd /home/devil/public_html

[root@centos7public_html]# echo "this is devil's web." >>index.html

[root@centos7public_html]# cd

[root@centos7~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf

......  //注意：使用“ ： set nu”可显示行号。

 17     # UserDir disabled

 18

 19     #

 20     # To enable requests to /~user/ to serve the user's public_html

 21     # directory, remove the "UserDir disabled" line above, and uncomment

 22     # the following line instead:

 23     #

 24     UserDir public_html

......

[root@centos7~]# setenforce 0

[root@centos7~]# firewall-cmd --reload

success

[root@centos7~]# firewall-cmd --list-all

public (active)

  target: default

  icmp-block-inversion: no

  interfaces: ens33

  sources:

  services: dhcpv6-client http ssh

  ports:

  protocols:

  masquerade: no

  forward-ports:

  source-ports:

  icmp-blocks:

  rich rules:

[root@centos7~]# systemctl restart httpd

客户端client1 

1. 配置网络。

[root@client1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

TYPE=Ethernet

PROXY_METHOD=none

BROWSER_ONLY=no

BOOTPROTO=static

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy

NAME=ens33

UUID=9f92031e-cb20-4cde-b796-6935a082ba86

DEVICE=ens33

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.168.10.10

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.10.1

2.进行测试。

[root@client1 ~]# firefox http://192.168.10.1

 

[root@client1 ~]# firefox http://192.168.10.1/~devil

 

注意：centos7与client1都是使用VMnet1（NAT模式）连接，如图所示