Debian 11安装mysql 5.7.41

1、下载mysql安装包
2、安装文档
- 2.1、安装依赖包
- 2.2、安装MySQL包
- - 2.2.1、预设值数据库参数
  - 2.2.2、安装MySQL包
- 2.3、文件安装位置
3、使用mysql 5.7.41 数据库
- 3.1、命令行登录MySQL 5.7.41 数据库
- 3.2、navicat连接mysql 5.7.41 数据库
- - 3.2.1、修改mysql配置文件允许监听所有网卡地址
  - 3.2.2、修改配置允许使用mysql root用户连接数据库
- 3.3、mysql数据库常用命令<5.7.41版本>
- - 3.3.1、初始化默认数据库

1、下载mysql安装包

访问官方下载页面下载bundle安装包
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

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下载文件然后解压

mkdir -p  /root/package/mysql/mysql-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle

cd /root/package/mysql/

tar -xvf mysql-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle.tar -C mysql-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle/

解压后的文件如图

root@debian:~/package/mysql# tar -xvf mysql-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle.tar -C mysql-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle/
libmysqlclient20_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
libmysqlclient-dev_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
libmysqld-dev_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
mysql-client_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
mysql-common_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
mysql-community-client_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
mysql-community-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
mysql-community-source_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
mysql-community-test_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
mysql-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
mysql-testsuite_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
root@debian:~/package/mysql#

2、安装文档

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-installation-excerpt/5.7/en/linux-installation-debian.html

2.1、安装依赖包

apt-get install libaio1

2.2、安装MySQL包

2.2.1、预设值数据库参数

cd /root/package/mysql/mysql-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle/

dpkg-preconfigure mysql-community-server_*.deb

此步骤会进行设定mysql的root账户密码
输入root账户密码

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再次输入密码

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按tab键选中ok 回车

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包文件如图所示

root@debian:~/package/mysql/mysql-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle# ls -lh
total 159M
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 1.8M Dec  7 12:50 libmysqlclient20_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 2.3M Dec  7 12:51 libmysqlclient-dev_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  20M Dec  7 12:50 libmysqld-dev_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  69K Dec  7 12:50 mysql-client_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  72K Dec  7 12:50 mysql-common_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  15M Dec  7 12:50 mysql-community-client_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  38M Dec  7 12:50 mysql-community-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  52M Dec  7 12:50 mysql-community-source_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  32M Dec  7 12:50 mysql-community-test_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  69K Dec  7 12:51 mysql-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415  69K Dec  7 12:50 mysql-testsuite_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb
root@debian:~/package/mysql/mysql-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle#

2.2.2、安装MySQL包

安装MySQL包
本次安装失败是因为依赖关系缺少的依赖包未安装导致导致安装失败

root@debian:~/package/mysql/mysql-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle# dpkg -i mysql-{common,community-client,client,community-server,server}_*.deb
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-common.
(Reading database ... 141511 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack mysql-common_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-common (5.7.41-1debian10) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-community-client.
Preparing to unpack mysql-community-client_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-community-client (5.7.41-1debian10) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client.
Preparing to unpack mysql-client_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-client (5.7.41-1debian10) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-community-server.
Preparing to unpack mysql-community-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-community-server (5.7.41-1debian10) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server.
Preparing to unpack mysql-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-server (5.7.41-1debian10) ...
Setting up mysql-common (5.7.41-1debian10) ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Setting up mysql-community-client (5.7.41-1debian10) ...
Setting up mysql-client (5.7.41-1debian10) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-community-server:
 mysql-community-server depends on libmecab2; however:
  Package libmecab2 is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package mysql-community-server (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-server:
 mysql-server depends on mysql-community-server (= 5.7.41-1debian10); however:
  Package mysql-community-server is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package mysql-server (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 mysql-community-server
 mysql-server
root@debian:~/package/mysql/mysql-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle#

apt-get -f install 修复上述问题

apt-get -f install

安装过程会自动创建MySQL的systemd服务

root@debian:~/package/mysql/mysql-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle# apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
  libopengl0
Use 'apt autoremove' to remove it.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libmecab2
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libmecab2
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 221 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1,817 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian bullseye/main amd64 libmecab2 amd64 0.996-14+b4 [221 kB]
Fetched 221 kB in 0s (1,823 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package libmecab2:amd64.
(Reading database ... 141756 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libmecab2_0.996-14+b4_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libmecab2:amd64 (0.996-14+b4) ...
Setting up libmecab2:amd64 (0.996-14+b4) ...
Setting up mysql-community-server (5.7.41-1debian10) ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql.service → /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service.
Setting up mysql-server (5.7.41-1debian10) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-13+deb11u6) ...
root@debian:~/package/mysql/mysql-server_5.7.41-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle#

此次安装是mysql数据库基本安装方式，只安装了这些包。没有安装开发包。

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至此安装MySQL 5.7.41成功，查看MySQL服务状态，在安装时已经设置了开机自启动，不需要可以禁用。

systemctl status mysql.service

root@debian:~/package/mysql# systemctl status mysql.service 
● mysql.service - MySQL Community Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2023-05-11 04:48:39 EDT; 51min ago
    Process: 2623 ExecStartPre=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start pre (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 2679 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 2685 (mysqld)
      Tasks: 27 (limit: 9433)
     Memory: 190.5M
        CPU: 1.790s
     CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service
             └─2685 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

May 11 04:48:38 debian systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Community Server...
May 11 04:48:39 debian systemd[1]: Started MySQL Community Server.
root@debian:~/package/mysql#

禁用MySQL开机自启动

 systemctl disable mysql.service

2.3、文件安装位置

Here are where the files are installed on the system:

All configuration files (like my.cnf) are under /etc/mysql
All binaries, libraries, headers, etc., are under /usr/bin and /usr/sbin
The data directory is /var/lib/mysql

root@debian:~/package/mysql# ls -lh /etc/mysql
total 16K
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K May 11 04:47 conf.d
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   24 May 11 04:48 my.cnf -> /etc/alternatives/my.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.5K Dec  7 13:25 my.cnf.fallback
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Dec  7 13:25 mysql.cnf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K May 11 04:48 mysql.conf.d
root@debian:~/package/mysql#

root@debian:~/package/mysql# ls -lh /usr/bin/|grep "mysql*"
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    6.9M Dec  7 13:25 mysql
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    6.5M Dec  7 13:25 mysqladmin
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    6.8M Dec  7 13:25 mysqlbinlog
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    6.5M Dec  7 13:25 mysqlcheck
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    5.8M Dec  7 13:25 mysql_config_editor
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root     27K Dec  7 13:25 mysqld_multi
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root     28K Dec  7 13:25 mysqld_safe
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    6.6M Dec  7 13:25 mysqldump
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    7.7K Dec  7 13:25 mysqldumpslow
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root     27M Dec  7 13:25 mysql_embedded
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    6.5M Dec  7 13:25 mysqlimport
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    7.4M Dec  7 13:25 mysql_install_db
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    5.8M Dec  7 13:25 mysql_plugin
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    7.2M Dec  7 13:25 mysqlpump
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    6.5M Dec  7 13:25 mysql_secure_installation
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    6.5M Dec  7 13:25 mysqlshow
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    6.5M Dec  7 13:25 mysqlslap
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    5.8M Dec  7 13:25 mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    3.5M Dec  7 13:25 mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    7.2M Dec  7 13:25 mysql_upgrade
root@debian:~/package/mysql# ls -lh /usr/sbin/|grep "mysql*"
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    29M Dec  7 13:25 mysqld
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    46M Dec  7 13:25 mysqld-debug
root@debian:~/package/mysql#

root@debian:~/package/mysql# ls -lh  /var/lib/mysql
total 121M
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql   56 May 11 04:48 auto.cnf
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1.7K May 11 04:48 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1.1K May 11 04:48 ca.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1.1K May 11 04:48 client-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1.7K May 11 04:48 client-key.pem
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  350 May 11 04:48 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  12M May 11 04:48 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  48M May 11 04:48 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  48M May 11 04:48 ib_logfile1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  12M May 11 04:48 ibtmp1
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4.0K May 11 04:48 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4.0K May 11 04:48 performance_schema
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1.7K May 11 04:48 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql  452 May 11 04:48 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1.1K May 11 04:48 server-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1.7K May 11 04:48 server-key.pem
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql  12K May 11 04:48 sys
root@debian:~/package/mysql#

3、使用mysql 5.7.41 数据库

3.1、命令行登录MySQL 5.7.41 数据库

登录数据库root账户密码是安装MySQL时设置的root账户密码

mysql -uroot -p

root@debian:~/package/mysql# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

查看默认所有数据库

show databases;

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

创建数据库

create database test;

mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>

3.2、navicat连接mysql 5.7.41 数据库

新建连接选择mysql

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点击连接测试

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报错

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需修改以下2点配置解决

3.2.1、修改mysql配置文件允许监听所有网卡地址

原因是默认安装完mysql后只允许在mysql服务器本机发起数据库连接

 ss -anlp|grep 3306

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本机可以通3306

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外部机器不可以通3306

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修改MySQL配置文件使得MySQL监听在所有网卡上，也就是允许所有IP地址发起数据库连接

cp /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf.bak

/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

编辑MySQL配置文件

vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

修改bind-address = 127.0.0.1

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修改为：bind-address = 0.0.0.0

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重启MySQL服务

systemctl restart mysql.service

再次查看监听配置

ss -anlp|grep 3306

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navicat测试连接数据库仍然报错
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Windows机器telnet 数据库IP 3306 测试

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3.2.2、修改配置允许使用mysql root用户连接数据库

修改配置允许使用mysql root用户连接数据库
登录MySQL数据库

mysql -uroot -p

修改修改配置使得可以允许外部所有IP地址发起数据库连接，用户是root 密码是password(安装时设置的MySQL的root账户密码) ，拥有所有库和表的访问权限。

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>