1、微服务概述

1.1 概念

![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/838cb05da66f475c8d3c4d55183f2cd4.png

1.2 架构演进

单体架构：

将业务的所有功能集中在一个项目中年开发，打成一个jar包
优点：架构简单，部署成本低
缺点：耦合度高

分布式架构

按业务功能对系统进行拆分，每一个业务模块作为独立项目开发，成为一个服务
优点：降低服务耦合，有利于服务升级拓展
缺点：

微服务架构

一种经过良好架构设计的分布式架构方案

1.3 微服务技术对比

2. springcloud

2.1 注册中心

2.1.1 eureka集群搭建

依赖

description '微服务'

// 第三方插件对应的仓库和类路径
buildscript {
    ext {
        springBootVersion = '3.0.1'
        springCloudVersion = '2022.0.0'
        springCloudAlibabaVersion = '2021.0.4.0'
    }
    repositories {
        mavenLocal()
        maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public' }
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }

    // 此处先引入springboot插件
    dependencies {
        classpath "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}"
    }
}


allprojects {
    group 'com.xing'
    version '1.0-SNAPSHOT'

    apply plugin: 'java'
    apply plugin: 'idea'
    apply plugin: 'java-library' // 提供api依赖方式支持

    sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
    targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17

    tasks.withType(JavaCompile).tap {
        configureEach {
            options.encoding = 'UTF-8'
        }
    }

    // 设置仓库地址
    repositories {
        mavenLocal()
        // aliyun镜像
        maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public' }
        maven {url 'https://repo.spring.io/milestone'}
        mavenCentral()
    }

    test {
        useJUnitPlatform()
    }
}

subprojects {
    // 使用springboot支持插件
    apply plugin:'org.springframework.boot'
    // 提供dependencyManagement支持
    apply plugin: "io.spring.dependency-management"
    // 相当于maven的dependencyManagement标签
    dependencyManagement{
        imports {
            mavenBom "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-dependencies:${springCloudVersion}"
            mavenBom "com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies:${springCloudAlibabaVersion}"
        }
    }

    dependencies {
        // 提供注解处理器
        annotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'
        implementation 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'
        testAnnotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'
        testImplementation 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'
        testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.9.0'
        testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.9.0'
    }
}

project(':microservice-register'){
    description '注册中心'
    dependencies {
        api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server'
    }
}

project(':microservice-register:eureka-server1'){
    dependencies {
        implementation project(':microservice-register')
    }
}

project(':microservice-register:eureka-server2'){
    dependencies {
        implementation project(':microservice-register')
    }
}

project(':microservice-service:microservice-order'){
    description '订单服务'
    dependencies {
        implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client'
        implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
        implementation 'mysql:mysql-connector-java:8.0.31'
        implementation 'com.alibaba:druid-spring-boot-starter:1.2.14'
        implementation 'org.mybatis.spring.boot:mybatis-spring-boot-starter:3.0.0'
    }
}
project(':microservice-service:microservice-user'){
    description '用户服务'
    dependencies {
        implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client'
        implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
        implementation 'mysql:mysql-connector-java:8.0.31'
        implementation 'com.alibaba:druid-spring-boot-starter:1.2.14'
        implementation 'org.mybatis.spring.boot:mybatis-spring-boot-starter:3.0.0'
    }
}

修改hosts文件

127.0.0.1 eureka1
127.0.0.1 eureka2

配置1

server:
  port: 9001
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-server1
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: eureka1  #eureka服务端的实例名称
    instance-id: eureka-server1
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true #false表示不向注册中心注册自己
    fetch-registry: true #false表示自己端就是注册中心，我的职责就是维护服务实例，并不需要去检索服务
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2:9002/eureka

配置2

server:
  port: 9002
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-server2
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: eureka2  #eureka服务端的实例名称
    instance-id: eureka-server2
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true #false表示不向注册中心注册自己
    fetch-registry: true #false表示自己端就是注册中心，我的职责就是维护服务实例，并不需要去检索服务
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1:9001/eureka

服务端代码

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaFirstApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaFirstApp.class,args);
    }
}


@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaSecondApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaSecondApp.class,args);
    }
}

客户端配置1

server:
  port: 8001
spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-order
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1
    username: root
    password: root
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.xing.model.pojo
  mapper-locations: classpath:/mapper/*Mapper.xml
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:9001/eureka

客户端配置2

  port: 8002
spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-user
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1
    username: root
    password: root
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.xing.model.pojo
  mapper-locations: classpath:/mapper/*Mapper.xml
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:9002/eureka

客户端代码

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@MapperScan(value = "com.xing.mapper")
public class OrderApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApp.class,args);
    }
}


@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@MapperScan(value = "com.xing.mapper")
public class UserApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserApp.class,args);
    }
}

2.1.2 nacos项目搭建

导入依赖

description 'springcloud-01'
buildscript {
    ext {
        springBootVersion = '2.7.4'
        springCloudVersion = '2021.0.3'
        springCloudAlibabaVersion = '2021.0.1.0'
    }

    // 配制插件仓库
    repositories {
        mavenLocal()
        maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public' }
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }

    // 此处先引入springboot插件
    dependencies {
        classpath "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}"
    }
}


allprojects {
    group 'com.xingyu'
    version '1.0-SNAPSHOT'

    apply plugin: 'java'
    apply plugin: 'idea'
    apply plugin: 'java-library' // 提供api依赖方式支持

    sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
    targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17

    // 设置仓库地址
    repositories {
        mavenLocal()
        // aliyun镜像
        maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public' }
        maven {url 'https://repo.spring.io/milestone'}
        mavenCentral()
    }

    // 设置公用的依赖
    dependencies {
        // 提供注解处理器
        annotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'
        implementation 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'
        testAnnotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'
        testImplementation 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'
        testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.9.0'
        testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.9.0'
        // junit5的支持，4不需要
        test {
            useJUnitPlatform()
        }
    }
}

// 配置所有子工程
subprojects {
    // 提供dependencyManagement支持
    apply plugin: "io.spring.dependency-management"

    // 相当于maven的dependencyManagement标签
    dependencyManagement{
        imports {
            mavenBom "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-dependencies:${springCloudVersion}"
            mavenBom "com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies:${springCloudAlibabaVersion}"
        }
    }
}

project(":microservice-gateway"){
    description '网关服务'
    apply plugin:'org.springframework.boot'
    dependencies {
        dependencies {
            api ('org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-gateway') {
                exclude(module:'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
            }
            api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap'
            api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer'
            api 'com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery'
            api 'com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config'
        }
    }
}

project(":microservice-service"){
    description '封装所有的微服务'
    subprojects {
        // 使用springboot支持插件
        apply plugin:'org.springframework.boot'
        dependencies {
            api 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
            api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap'
            api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-openfeign'
            api 'com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery'
            api 'com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config'
        }
    }
}

配置

server:
  port: 8001
  servlet:
    context-path: /microservice-admin
spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-admin
spring:
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        username: nacos
        password: nacos
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        username: nacos
        password: nacos

代码


@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class AdminApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AdminApp.class, args);
    }
}

2.2 远程调用-feign

2.2.1 导入依赖

api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-openfeign'

2.2.2 代码

开启feign支持

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class AdminApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AdminApp.class, args);
    }
}

feign接口编写

@FeignClient(value = "microservice-login")
public interface FeignInterface {
    @GetMapping("/microservice-login/loginController/login")
    String login(@RequestParam("userName") String userName);
}

服务提供

@RestController
@RequestMapping("loginController")
public class LoginController {
    @GetMapping("login")
    public String login(@RequestParam("userName") String userName){
        System.out.println(userName);
        return "success";
    }
}

2.3 负载均衡

2.3.1 导入依赖

api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap' // 提供bootstrap的支持
api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer'

2.3.1 代码

@Configuration
// 配置client
@LoadBalancerClients(@LoadBalancerClient(name = "microservice-login",configuration = MyConfig.class))
public class MyConfig {
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    @Bean
    public ReactorLoadBalancer<ServiceInstance> reactorLoadBalancer(Environment environment, LoadBalancerClientFactory factory) {
        String name = environment.getProperty(LoadBalancerClientFactory.PROPERTY_NAME);
        return new RoundRobinLoadBalancer(factory.getLazyProvider(name, ServiceInstanceListSupplier.class), name);
    }
}

2.4 网关gateway

2.4.1 导入依赖

project(":microservice-gateway"){
    description '网关服务'
    apply plugin:'org.springframework.boot'
    dependencies {
        dependencies {
            api ('org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-gateway') {
                exclude(module:'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
            }
            api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap' // 提供bootstrap的支持
            api 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer'
            api 'com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery'
            api 'com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config'
        }
    }
}

2.3.1 代码

server:
  port: 8000
spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-gateway
spring:
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        username: nacos
        password: nacos
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        username: nacos
        password: nacos
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: microservice-login
          uri: lb://microservice-login
          predicates:
            - Path=/microservice-login/loginController/**
        - id: microservice-admin
          uri: lb://microservice-admin
          predicates:
            - Path=/microservice-admin/AdminController/**

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class GateWayApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GateWayApp.class, args);
    }
}

@Component
public class MyGlobalFilter implements GlobalFilter {
    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        System.out.println("MyGlobalFilter running");
        return chain.filter(exchange);
    }
}