Ansible04-Ansible Vars变量详解

写在前面
6 Ansible Vars 变量
- 6.1 playbook中的变量
- - 6.1.1 playbook中定义变量的格式
  - 6.1.2 举例
  - 6.1.3 小tip
- 6.2 共有变量
- - 6.2.1 变量文件
  - - 6.2.1.1 变量文件编写
    - 6.2.1.2 playbook编写
    - 6.2.1.3 运行测试
  - 6.2.2 根据主机组使用变量
  - - 6.2.2.1 groups_vars编写
    - 6.2.2.2 playbook编写
    - 6.2.2.3 测试
- 6.3 register变量
- - 6.3.1 register使用
  - 6.3.2 register变量输出的解释-json
  - 6.3.3 仅获取需要的输出
- 6.4 facts变量
- - 6.4.1 setup模块获取的facts变量
  - 6.4.2 常用的facts变量
  - 6.4.3 facts变量的实际案例

写在前面

这是Ansible系列第四篇，内容为Ansible Vars的介绍、使用
序号连续上篇笔记 Ansible03-Ansible Playbook剧本详解

回顾一下Ansible架构：

6 Ansible Vars 变量

类似于shell脚本的变量，但语法格式不同.
在yaml文件中的位置一般处于tasks之上，级别同级，key为vars，也可以通过变量文件引入，key为vars_files。

可以定义变量的地方	说明
在剧本文件中定义	比较常用。仅仅限于当前的play使用。
register变量(注册变量)	`ip=`hostname -I` 实现脚本中反引号的功能，可以获取命令结果。
变量文件（根据主机清单分分组进行定义变量。）	如果多个剧本，使用相同的变量，大型的剧本roles。
inventory主机清单中定义变量	未来可以用于批量修改主机使用，其他很少用了。
命令行中	几乎不用。
facts变量	一般用于获取主机基本信息：ip、主机名、系统（centos/ubuntu）。如果不需要可以关闭，用于加速剧本的执行。

6.1 playbook中的变量

6.1.1 playbook中定义变量的格式

-hosts: all
  vars: 
    变量名1: 值
    变量名2: 值
...

6.1.2 举例

#playbook
[root@manager playbook]# cat 05.pbvars.yaml
- hosts: front
  vars:
    my_var: "Hello, World!"
  tasks:
  - name: Use playbook-defined variable
    debug:
      msg: "{{ my_var }}"
- hosts: manager
  vars:
    my_var: "Hello, World!"
  tasks:
  - name: Use playbook-defined variable
    debug:
      msg: "{{ my_var }}"


# 运行
[root@manager playbook]# ansible-playbook 05.pbvars.yaml

PLAY [front] **********************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148]

TASK [Use playbook-defined variable] **********************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148] => {
    "msg": "Hello, World!"
}

PLAY [manager] ********************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.151]

TASK [Use playbook-defined variable] **********************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.151] => {
    "msg": "Hello, World!"
}

PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************************
192.168.100.148            : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0
192.168.100.151            : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

6.1.3 小tip

使用变量的时候如果变量是某个选项的开头,则变量引用的时候需要加上双引号.

dir: /oldboy/lidao/upload/
file:
path: "{{ dir }}"            #这种要添加,变量是开头.
file:
path: /oldboy-new/{{ dir }}  #这种可以不加引号,变量不是开头.

在剧本play中定义变量应用:

仅仅在当前play生效.
一般用来存放路径,用户名,ip地址,类似于之前使用的脚本.
注意引号使用.

6.2 共有变量

可以被多个playbook访问的公用变量

6.2.1 变量文件

6.2.1.1 变量文件编写

[root@manager playbook]# cat vars.yml
user: www
dir: /tmp/varstest
file: /etc/hosts

6.2.1.2 playbook编写

[root@manager playbook]# cat 06.vars-file.yaml
- hosts: front
  vars_files: ./vars.yml
  tasks:
    - name: 显示内容
      debug:
        msg: "vars_file内的内容{{user}} {{dir}} {{file}}"

6.2.1.3 运行测试

[root@manager playbook]# ansible-playbook 06.vars-file.yaml

PLAY [front] **********************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148]

TASK [显示内容] *******************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148] => {
    "msg": "vars_file内的内容www /tmp/varstest /etc/hosts"
}

PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************************
192.168.100.148            : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

6.2.2 根据主机组使用变量

可以playbook不引入vars_file，根据主机清单自动匹配，使用group_vars提前创建好对应关系。
步骤：

在playbook文件同级目录下创建目录group_vars
创建目录主机组名/变量文件，如下：

tree -F
├── xxxx.yaml
├── group_vars/
│   │── all/
│   │   └── vars.yml
│   │── lb/
│   │   └── vars2.yml
│   └── data/
│       └── vars3.yml
└── vars.yml
#一般最常用all，把所有变量直接给所有主机组用

6.2.2.1 groups_vars编写

[root@manager playbook]# cat group_vars/all/vars.yml
user: testforgroup_vars
nfs_dir: /nfs_backup
web_mount_dir: /web_nfs
nfs_server: storage
[root@manager playbook]# tree -F
.
├── 07.group_vars.yaml
├── group_vars/
    └── all/
        └── vars.yml

6.2.2.2 playbook编写

[root@manager playbook]# cat 07.group_vars.yaml
- hosts: front
  tasks:
    - name: 显示内容
      debug:
        msg: "vars_file内的内容{{user}} {{nfs_dir}} {{nfs_server}}"

6.2.2.3 测试

[root@manager playbook]# ansible-playbook 07.group_vars.yaml

PLAY [front] **********************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148]

TASK [显示内容] *******************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148] => {
    "msg": "vars_file内的内容testforgroup_vars /nfs_backup storage"
}

PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************************
192.168.100.148            : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

6.3 register变量

本质上就是用来实现脚本中的反引号功能 . ip=hostname -I
用户通过命令获取的内容都存放到Register变量中.

用法：

#在模块下使用 register: 变量名 的方式
- name: get date
  shell: date +%F
  register: result
#使用register变量
- name: debug
  debug:
    msg: "date的结果：{{result}}"

6.3.1 register使用

#编写playbook
[root@manager playbook]# cat 08.register.yaml
- hosts: front
  tasks:
    - name: get date
      shell: date +%F
      register: result #register: 变量名，接受上面的模块的结果
    - name: debug
      debug:
        msg: "date的命令结果:{{result}}" #使用变量名即可

# 测试
[root@manager playbook]# ansible-playbook 08.register.yaml

PLAY [front] **********************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148]

TASK [get date] *******************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.100.148]

TASK [debug] **********************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148] => {
    "msg": "date的命令结果:{'changed': True, 'stdout': '2024-05-29', 'stderr': '', 'rc': 0, 'cmd': 'date +%F', 'start': '2024-05-29 13:53:07.655923', 'end': '2024-05-29 13:53:07.665129', 'delta': '0:00:00.009206', 'msg': '', 'stdout_lines': ['2024-05-29'], 'stderr_lines': [], 'failed': False}"
}

PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************************
192.168.100.148            : ok=3    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

6.3.2 register变量输出的解释-json

{
    'changed': True, 
    'stdout': '2024-05-29', 
    'stderr': '', 
    'rc': 0, 'cmd': 'date +%F', 
    'start': '2024-05-29 13:53:07.655923', 
    'end': '2024-05-29 13:53:07.665129', 
    'delta': '0:00:00.009206', 
    'msg': '', 
    'stdout_lines': ['2024-05-29'], 
    'stderr_lines': [], 
    'failed': False}

6.3.3 仅获取需要的输出

#修改playbook
[root@manager playbook]# cat 08.register.yaml
- hosts: front
  tasks:
    - name: get date
      shell: date +%F
      register: result
    - name: debug
      debug:
        msg: "date的命令结果:{{result.stdout}}" #变量名.stdout可以仅输出需要的内容stdout_lines

#测试
[root@manager playbook]# ansible-playbook 08.register.yaml

PLAY [front] **********************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148]

TASK [get date] *******************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.100.148]

TASK [debug] **********************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148] => {
    "msg": "date的命令结果:2024-05-29"
}

PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************************
192.168.100.148            : ok=3    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

6.4 facts变量

ansible的内置变量，playbook运行时有一个默认的task。用于收集每个主机的基本信息。
信息包括ip、主机名、磁盘……
facts变量的值可以通过setup模块获取，返回值为json。

6.4.1 setup模块获取的facts变量

[2024-05-30 22:07:40]  [root@manager ~]# ansible front -m pingstetup
[2024-05-30 22:07:46]  192.168.100.148 | SUCCESS => {
      "ansible_facts": {
          "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
              "192.168.100.148"
          ],
          "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
              "fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:f581"
          ],
          "ansible_apparmor": {
              "status": "disabled"
          },
          "ansible_architecture": "x86_64",
          "ansible_bios_date": "07/22/2020",
          "ansible_bios_vendor": "Phoenix Technologies LTD",
          "ansible_bios_version": "6.00",
          "ansible_board_asset_tag": "NA",
          "ansible_board_name": "440BX Desktop Reference Platform",
          "ansible_board_serial": "None",
          "ansible_board_vendor": "Intel Corporation",
          "ansible_board_version": "None",
          "ansible_chassis_asset_tag": "No Asset Tag",
          "ansible_chassis_serial": "None",
          "ansible_chassis_vendor": "No Enclosure",
          "ansible_chassis_version": "N/A",
          "ansible_cmdline": {
              "BOOT_IMAGE": "(hd0,msdos1)/vmlinuz-4.18.0-448.el8.x86_64",
              "crashkernel": "auto",
              "quiet": true,
              "rd.lvm.lv": "cs/swap",
              "resume": "/dev/mapper/cs-swap",
              "rhgb": true,
              "ro": true,
              "root": "/dev/mapper/cs-root"
          },
          "ansible_date_time": {
              "date": "2024-05-30",
              "day": "30",
              "epoch": "1717078069",
              "epoch_int": "1717078069",
              "hour": "22",
              "iso8601": "2024-05-30T14:07:49Z",
              "iso8601_basic": "20240530T220749250313",
              "iso8601_basic_short": "20240530T220749",
              "iso8601_micro": "2024-05-30T14:07:49.250313Z",
              "minute": "07",
              "month": "05",
              "second": "49",
              "time": "22:07:49",
              "tz": "CST",
              "tz_dst": "CST",
              "tz_offset": "+0800",
              "weekday": "Thursday",
              "weekday_number": "4",
              "weeknumber": "22",
              "year": "2024"
          },
          "ansible_default_ipv4": {
              "address": "192.168.100.148",
              "alias": "ens33",
              "broadcast": "192.168.100.255",
              "gateway": "192.168.100.2",
              "interface": "ens33",
              "macaddress": "00:0c:29:8c:f5:81",
              "mtu": 1500,
              "netmask": "255.255.255.0",
              "network": "192.168.100.0",
              "prefix": "24",
              "type": "ether"
          },
          "ansible_default_ipv6": {},
          "ansible_device_links": {
              "ids": {
                  "dm-0": [
                      "dm-name-cs-root",
                      "dm-uuid-LVM-XM02qL1zmnDg1RigchdScO0PQwIlGGrmKZUJdkfQCHUDHDmaKXBWS7ddjTvylC6c"
                  ],
                  "dm-1": [
                      "dm-name-cs-swap",
                      "dm-uuid-LVM-XM02qL1zmnDg1RigchdScO0PQwIlGGrm2MfDkEHILjM7IfU0FWqw6BpsIUAOJUks"
                  ],
                  "dm-2": [
                      "dm-name-cs-home",
                      "dm-uuid-LVM-XM02qL1zmnDg1RigchdScO0PQwIlGGrm9UrYudORKil6vGwk0NMl4QHREXI9CCft"
                  ],
                  "sda2": [
                      "lvm-pv-uuid-1Hyexv-eeJS-2Chi-Ack1-Qddg-90GS-QXw1qW"
                  ],
                  "sr0": [
                      "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"
                  ]
              },
              "labels": {},
              "masters": {
                  "sda2": [
                      "dm-0",
                      "dm-1",
                      "dm-2"
                  ]
              },
              "uuids": {
                  "dm-0": [
                      "a712c91e-8b89-42e0-9ce6-16e88a49bf95"
                  ],
                  "dm-1": [
                      "11a5a2e7-9628-417e-b7f7-5df4e0ea9a1b"
                  ],
                  "dm-2": [
                      "4c41ab60-f8e9-4167-84c4-c258f4fd3824"
                  ],
                  "sda1": [
                      "e2e2cd86-5a1f-4c24-95d6-2ae74ed3f976"
                  ]
              }
          },
          "ansible_devices": {
              "dm-0": {
                  "holders": [],
                  "host": "",
                  "links": {
                      "ids": [
                          "dm-name-cs-root",
                          "dm-uuid-LVM-XM02qL1zmnDg1RigchdScO0PQwIlGGrmKZUJdkfQCHUDHDmaKXBWS7ddjTvylC6c"
                      ],
                      "labels": [],
                      "masters": [],
                      "uuids": [
                          "a712c91e-8b89-42e0-9ce6-16e88a49bf95"
                      ]
                  },
                  "model": null,
                  "partitions": {},
                  "removable": "0",
                  "rotational": "1",
                  "sas_address": null,
                  "sas_device_handle": null,
                  "scheduler_mode": "",
                  "sectors": "133955584",
                  "sectorsize": "512",
                  "size": "63.88 GB",
                  "support_discard": "0",
                  "vendor": null,
                  "virtual": 1
              },
              "dm-1": {
                  "holders": [],
                  "host": "",
                  "links": {
                      "ids": [
                          "dm-name-cs-swap",
                          "dm-uuid-LVM-XM02qL1zmnDg1RigchdScO0PQwIlGGrm2MfDkEHILjM7IfU0FWqw6BpsIUAOJUks"
                      ],
                      "labels": [],
                      "masters": [],
                      "uuids": [
                          "11a5a2e7-9628-417e-b7f7-5df4e0ea9a1b"
                      ]
                  },
                  "model": null,
                  "partitions": {},
                  "removable": "0",
                  "rotational": "1",
                  "sas_address": null,
                  "sas_device_handle": null,
                  "scheduler_mode": "",
                  "sectors": "8249344",
                  "sectorsize": "512",
                  "size": "3.93 GB",
                  "support_discard": "0",
                  "vendor": null,
                  "virtual": 1
              },
              "dm-2": {
                  "holders": [],
                  "host": "",
                  "links": {
                      "ids": [
                          "dm-name-cs-home",
                          "dm-uuid-LVM-XM02qL1zmnDg1RigchdScO0PQwIlGGrm9UrYudORKil6vGwk0NMl4QHREXI9CCft"
                      ],
                      "labels": [],
                      "masters": [],
                      "uuids": [
                          "4c41ab60-f8e9-4167-84c4-c258f4fd3824"
                      ]
                  },
                  "model": null,
                  "partitions": {},
                  "removable": "0",
                  "rotational": "1",
                  "sas_address": null,
                  "sas_device_handle": null,
                  "scheduler_mode": "",
                  "sectors": "65404928",
                  "sectorsize": "512",
                  "size": "31.19 GB",
                  "support_discard": "0",
                  "vendor": null,
                  "virtual": 1
              },
              "sda": {
                  "holders": [],
                  "host": "SCSI storage controller: Broadcom / LSI 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)",
                  "links": {
                      "ids": [],
                      "labels": [],
                      "masters": [],
                      "uuids": []
                  },
                  "model": "VMware Virtual S",
                  "partitions": {
                      "sda1": {
                          "holders": [],
                          "links": {
                              "ids": [],
                              "labels": [],
                              "masters": [],
                              "uuids": [
                                  "e2e2cd86-5a1f-4c24-95d6-2ae74ed3f976"
                              ]
                          },
                          "sectors": "2097152",
                          "sectorsize": 512,
                          "size": "1.00 GB",
                          "start": "2048",
                          "uuid": "e2e2cd86-5a1f-4c24-95d6-2ae74ed3f976"
                      },
                      "sda2": {
                          "holders": [
                              "cs-swap",
                              "cs-home",
                              "cs-root"
                          ],
                          "links": {
                              "ids": [
                                  "lvm-pv-uuid-1Hyexv-eeJS-2Chi-Ack1-Qddg-90GS-QXw1qW"
                              ],
                              "labels": [],
                              "masters": [
                                  "dm-0",
                                  "dm-1",
                                  "dm-2"
                              ],
                              "uuids": []
                          },
                          "sectors": "207616000",
                          "sectorsize": 512,
                          "size": "99.00 GB",
                          "start": "2099200",
                          "uuid": null
                      }
                  },
                  "removable": "0",
                  "rotational": "1",
                  "sas_address": null,
                  "sas_device_handle": null,
                  "scheduler_mode": "mq-deadline",
                  "sectors": "209715200",
                  "sectorsize": "512",
                  "size": "100.00 GB",
                  "support_discard": "0",
                  "vendor": "VMware,",
                  "virtual": 1
              },
              "sr0": {
                  "holders": [],
                  "host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)",
                  "links": {
                      "ids": [
                          "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"
                      ],
                      "labels": [],
                      "masters": [],
                      "uuids": []
                  },
                  "model": "VMware IDE CDR10",
                  "partitions": {},
                  "removable": "1",
                  "rotational": "1",
                  "sas_address": null,
                  "sas_device_handle": null,
                  "scheduler_mode": "mq-deadline",
                  "sectors": "2097151",
                  "sectorsize": "512",
                  "size": "1024.00 MB",
                  "support_discard": "0",
                  "vendor": "NECVMWar",
                  "virtual": 1
              }
          },
          "ansible_distribution": "CentOS",
          "ansible_distribution_file_parsed": true,
          "ansible_distribution_file_path": "/etc/centos-release",
          "ansible_distribution_file_variety": "CentOS",
          "ansible_distribution_major_version": "8",
          "ansible_distribution_release": "Stream",
          "ansible_distribution_version": "8",
          "ansible_dns": {
              "nameservers": [
                  "192.168.100.2"
              ],
              "search": [
                  "localdomain"
              ]
          },
          "ansible_domain": "",
          "ansible_effective_group_id": 0,
          "ansible_effective_user_id": 0,
          "ansible_ens33": {
              "active": true,
              "device": "ens33",
              "features": {
                  "esp_hw_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "esp_tx_csum_hw_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]",
                  "generic_receive_offload": "on",
                  "generic_segmentation_offload": "on",
                  "highdma": "off [fixed]",
                  "hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "loopback": "off [fixed]",
                  "netns_local": "off [fixed]",
                  "ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]",
                  "receive_hashing": "off [fixed]",
                  "rx_all": "off",
                  "rx_checksumming": "off",
                  "rx_fcs": "off",
                  "rx_gro_hw": "off [fixed]",
                  "rx_gro_list": "off",
                  "rx_udp_gro_forwarding": "off",
                  "rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "rx_vlan_filter": "on [fixed]",
                  "rx_vlan_offload": "on",
                  "rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]",
                  "rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]",
                  "scatter_gather": "on",
                  "tcp_segmentation_offload": "on",
                  "tls_hw_record": "off [fixed]",
                  "tls_hw_rx_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "tls_hw_tx_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on",
                  "tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_checksumming": "on",
                  "tx_esp_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_gso_list": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_ipxip4_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_ipxip6_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_lockless": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_nocache_copy": "off",
                  "tx_scatter_gather": "on",
                  "tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_sctp_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_tcp6_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "off",
                  "tx_tcp_segmentation": "on",
                  "tx_tunnel_remcsum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_udp_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_vlan_offload": "on [fixed]",
                  "tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]",
                  "vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]"
              },
              "hw_timestamp_filters": [],
              "ipv4": {
                  "address": "192.168.100.148",
                  "broadcast": "192.168.100.255",
                  "netmask": "255.255.255.0",
                  "network": "192.168.100.0",
                  "prefix": "24"
              },
              "ipv6": [
                  {
                      "address": "fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:f581",
                      "prefix": "64",
                      "scope": "link"
                  }
              ],
              "macaddress": "00:0c:29:8c:f5:81",
              "module": "e1000",
              "mtu": 1500,
              "pciid": "0000:02:01.0",
              "promisc": false,
              "speed": 1000,
              "timestamping": [],
              "type": "ether"
          },
          "ansible_env": {
              "BASH_FUNC_which%%": "() {  ( alias;\n eval ${which_declare} ) | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --read-functions --show-tilde --show-dot $@\n}",
              "DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS": "unix:path=/run/user/0/bus",
              "DEBUGINFOD_URLS": "https://debuginfod.centos.org/ ",
              "HOME": "/root",
              "LANG": "en_US.UTF-8",
              "LESSOPEN": "||/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s",
              "LOGNAME": "root",
              "LS_COLORS": "rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=01;05;37;41:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.zst=01;31:*.tzst=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.wim=01;31:*.swm=01;31:*.dwm=01;31:*.esd=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.mjpg=01;35:*.mjpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=01;36:*.au=01;36:*.flac=01;36:*.m4a=01;36:*.mid=01;36:*.midi=01;36:*.mka=01;36:*.mp3=01;36:*.mpc=01;36:*.ogg=01;36:*.ra=01;36:*.wav=01;36:*.oga=01;36:*.opus=01;36:*.spx=01;36:*.xspf=01;36:",
              "PATH": "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin",
              "PWD": "/root",
              "SELINUX_LEVEL_REQUESTED": "",
              "SELINUX_ROLE_REQUESTED": "",
              "SELINUX_USE_CURRENT_RANGE": "",
              "SHELL": "/bin/bash",
              "SHLVL": "2",
              "SSH_CLIENT": "192.168.100.151 60220 22",
              "SSH_CONNECTION": "192.168.100.151 60220 192.168.100.148 22",
              "SSH_TTY": "/dev/pts/0",
              "TERM": "xterm",
              "USER": "root",
              "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR": "/run/user/0",
              "XDG_SESSION_ID": "1",
              "_": "/usr/libexec/platform-python",
              "which_declare": "declare -f"
          },
          "ansible_fibre_channel_wwn": [],
          "ansible_fips": false,
          "ansible_form_factor": "Other",
          "ansible_fqdn": "front",
          "ansible_hostname": "front",
          "ansible_hostnqn": "",
          "ansible_interfaces": [
              "ens33",
              "lo"
          ],
          "ansible_is_chroot": false,
          "ansible_iscsi_iqn": "",
          "ansible_kernel": "4.18.0-448.el8.x86_64",
          "ansible_kernel_version": "#1 SMP Wed Jan 18 15:02:46 UTC 2023",
          "ansible_lo": {
              "active": true,
              "device": "lo",
              "features": {
                  "esp_hw_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "esp_tx_csum_hw_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]",
                  "generic_receive_offload": "on",
                  "generic_segmentation_offload": "on",
                  "highdma": "on [fixed]",
                  "hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "loopback": "on [fixed]",
                  "netns_local": "on [fixed]",
                  "ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]",
                  "receive_hashing": "off [fixed]",
                  "rx_all": "off [fixed]",
                  "rx_checksumming": "on [fixed]",
                  "rx_fcs": "off [fixed]",
                  "rx_gro_hw": "off [fixed]",
                  "rx_gro_list": "off",
                  "rx_udp_gro_forwarding": "off",
                  "rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "rx_vlan_filter": "off [fixed]",
                  "rx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]",
                  "rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]",
                  "scatter_gather": "on",
                  "tcp_segmentation_offload": "on",
                  "tls_hw_record": "off [fixed]",
                  "tls_hw_rx_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "tls_hw_tx_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on [fixed]",
                  "tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_checksum_sctp": "on [fixed]",
                  "tx_checksumming": "on",
                  "tx_esp_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_gso_list": "on",
                  "tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_ipxip4_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_ipxip6_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_lockless": "on [fixed]",
                  "tx_nocache_copy": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_scatter_gather": "on [fixed]",
                  "tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "on [fixed]",
                  "tx_sctp_segmentation": "on",
                  "tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on",
                  "tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "on",
                  "tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "on",
                  "tx_tcp_segmentation": "on",
                  "tx_tunnel_remcsum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_udp_segmentation": "on",
                  "tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]",
                  "tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]",
                  "vlan_challenged": "on [fixed]"
              },
              "hw_timestamp_filters": [],
              "ipv4": {
                  "address": "127.0.0.1",                  "broadcast": "",                  "netmask": "255.0.0.0",                  "network": "127.0.0.0",                  "prefix": "8"              },              "ipv6": [                  {                      "address": "::1",                      "prefix": "128",                      "scope": "host"                  }              ],              "mtu": 65536,              "promisc": false,
              "timestamping": [],
              "type": "loopback"
          },
          "ansible_loadavg": {
              "15m": 0.1,
              "1m": 0.2,
              "5m": 0.22
          },
          "ansible_local": {},
          "ansible_locally_reachable_ips": {
              "ipv4": [
                  "127.0.0.0/8",
                  "127.0.0.1",
                  "192.168.100.148"
              ],
              "ipv6": [
                  "::1",
                  "fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:f581"
              ]
          },
          "ansible_lsb": {},
          "ansible_lvm": {
              "lvs": {
                  "home": {
                      "size_g": "31.19",
                      "vg": "cs"
                  },
                  "root": {
                      "size_g": "63.88",
                      "vg": "cs"
                  },
                  "swap": {
                      "size_g": "3.93",
                      "vg": "cs"
                  }
              },
              "pvs": {
                  "/dev/sda2": {
                      "free_g": "0",
                      "size_g": "99.00",
                      "vg": "cs"
                  }
              },
              "vgs": {
                  "cs": {
                      "free_g": "0",
                      "num_lvs": "3",
                      "num_pvs": "1",
                      "size_g": "99.00"
                  }
              }
          },
          "ansible_machine": "x86_64",
          "ansible_machine_id": "ac3f85584fd24fd9b7d050a72e7917ce",
          "ansible_memfree_mb": 3218,
          "ansible_memory_mb": {
              "nocache": {
                  "free": 3386,
                  "used": 254
              },
              "real": {
                  "free": 3218,
                  "total": 3640,
                  "used": 422
              },
              "swap": {
                  "cached": 0,
                  "free": 4027,
                  "total": 4027,
                  "used": 0
              }
          },
          "ansible_memtotal_mb": 3640,
          "ansible_mounts": [
              {
                 "block_available": 16136568,
                 "block_size": 4096,
                 "block_total": 16736272,
                 "block_used": 599704,
                 "device": "/dev/mapper/cs-root",
                 "fstype": "xfs",
                 "inode_available": 33448136,
                 "inode_total": 33488896,
                 "inode_used": 40760,
                 "mount": "/",
                 "options": "rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota",
                 "size_available": 66095382528,
                 "size_total": 68551770112,
                 "uuid": "a712c91e-8b89-42e0-9ce6-16e88a49bf95"
              },
              {
                  "block_available": 203832,
                  "block_size": 4096,
                  "block_total": 259584,
                  "block_used": 55752,
                  "device": "/dev/sda1",
                  "fstype": "xfs",
                  "inode_available": 523978,
                  "inode_total": 524288,
                  "inode_used": 310,
                  "mount": "/boot",
                  "options": "rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota",
                 "size_available": 834895872,
                 "size_total": 1063256064,
                 "uuid": "e2e2cd86-5a1f-4c24-95d6-2ae74ed3f976"
             },
             {
                 "block_available": 8106380,
                 "block_size": 4096,
                 "block_total": 8171624,
                 "block_used": 65244,
                 "device": "/dev/mapper/cs-home",
                 "fstype": "xfs",
                 "inode_available": 16351224,
                 "inode_total": 16351232,
                 "inode_used": 8,
                 "mount": "/home",
                 "options": "rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota",
                 "size_available": 33203732480,
                 "size_total": 33470971904,
                 "uuid": "4c41ab60-f8e9-4167-84c4-c258f4fd3824"
             }
         ],
         "ansible_nodename": "front",
         "ansible_os_family": "RedHat",
         "ansible_pkg_mgr": "dnf",
         "ansible_proc_cmdline": {
             "BOOT_IMAGE": "(hd0,msdos1)/vmlinuz-4.18.0-448.el8.x86_64",
             "crashkernel": "auto",
             "quiet": true,
             "rd.lvm.lv": [
                 "cs/root",
                 "cs/swap"
             ],
             "resume": "/dev/mapper/cs-swap",
             "rhgb": true,
             "ro": true,
             "root": "/dev/mapper/cs-root"
         },
         "ansible_processor": [
             "0",
             "GenuineIntel",
             "13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1340P",
             "1",
             "GenuineIntel",
             "13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1340P"
         ],
         "ansible_processor_cores": 2,
         "ansible_processor_count": 1,
          "ansible_processor_nproc": 2,
         "ansible_processor_threads_per_core": 1,
         "ansible_processor_vcpus": 2,
          "ansible_product_name": "VMware Virtual Platform",
         "ansible_product_serial": "VMware-56 4d 8f 62 7b d2 12 a4-ee d7 c9 ef 44 8c f5 81",
         "ansible_product_uuid": "628f4d56-d27b-a412-eed7-c9ef448cf581",
         "ansible_product_version": "None",
         "ansible_python": {
             "executable": "/usr/libexec/platform-python",
              "has_sslcontext": true,
              "type": "cpython",
              "version": {
                  "major": 3,
                  "micro": 8,
                  "minor": 6,
                  "releaselevel": "final",
                  "serial": 0
              },
              "version_info": [
                  3,
                  6,
                  8,
                  "final",
                  0
              ]
          },
          "ansible_python_version": "3.6.8",
          "ansible_real_group_id": 0,
          "ansible_real_user_id": 0,
          "ansible_selinux": {
              "config_mode": "enforcing",
              "mode": "enforcing",
              "policyvers": 33,
              "status": "enabled",
              "type": "targeted"
          },
          "ansible_selinux_python_present": true,
          "ansible_service_mgr": "systemd",
          "ansible_ssh_host_key_ecdsa_public": "AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBFxnKOqZYpwyrGNtXfZE3PszuzzTGi+MHAQLdIdrdqLQD/ssIywmk2zaGkhdBgduODbKHZFIc3StPq2zIFWgQcI=",
          "ansible_ssh_host_key_ecdsa_public_keytype": "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256",
          "ansible_ssh_host_key_ed25519_public": "AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIPrloLDFnE3ApAlo0stYWeqjZwQb5r8wG41F6p4BNONV",
          "ansible_ssh_host_key_ed25519_public_keytype": "ssh-ed25519",
          "ansible_ssh_host_key_rsa_public": "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",
          "ansible_ssh_host_key_rsa_public_keytype": "ssh-rsa",
          "ansible_swapfree_mb": 4027,
          "ansible_swaptotal_mb": 4027,
          "ansible_system": "Linux",
          "ansible_system_capabilities": [],
          "ansible_system_capabilities_enforced": "False",
         "ansible_system_vendor": "VMware, Inc.",
         "ansible_uptime_seconds": 249,
         "ansible_user_dir": "/root",
         "ansible_user_gecos": "root",
         "ansible_user_gid": 0,
         "ansible_user_id": "root",
         "ansible_user_shell": "/bin/bash",
         "ansible_user_uid": 0,
         "ansible_userspace_architecture": "x86_64",
          "ansible_userspace_bits": "64",
          "ansible_virtualization_role": "guest",
          "ansible_virtualization_tech_guest": [
             "VMware"
         ],
         "ansible_virtualization_tech_host": [
             "kvm"
         ],
         "ansible_virtualization_type": "VMware",
         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python",
          "gather_subset": [
              "all"
          ],
          "module_setup": true
      },
      "changed": false
  }

6.4.2 常用的facts变量

ansible_hostname   #主机名
ansible_memtotal_mb #内存大小(总计) 单位mb 
ansible_processor_vcpus        #cpu数量
ansible_default_ipv4.address   #默认的网卡ip eth0
ansible_distribution           #系统发行版本名字
CentOS Ubuntu Debian ……
ansible_processor_vcpus 
ansible_processor_cores
ansible_date_time.date

6.4.3 facts变量的实际案例

通过facts变量获取系统的基本信息
通过facts变量获取信息并进行判断
如果不需要可以进行关闭,加速剧本的运行(hosts行下一行添加gather_facts: no)

- hosts: front
  gather_facts: no
  tasks: 
.....

批量修改系统/etc/motd文件（登陆时自动显示的文件）
- 输出主机名
- 内存大小
- ip
- 发行版本
- cpu数量
- 核心数量

#playbook编写
[root@manager playbook]# cat 10.change_moted.yaml
- hosts: front
  tasks:
    - name: template分发motd
      template:
        src: templates/motd.j2
        dest: /etc/motd
        backup: yes
        #    - name: cp分发motd
        #      copy:
        #        src: templates/motd.j2
        #        dest: /etc/motd
        #        backup: yes

# motd.j2模板编写
[root@manager templates]# cat motd.j2
welcome to Linux-{{ ansible_hostname }}
--------------------------------------------
主机名: {{ ansible_hostname }}
ip地址: {{ ansible_default_ipv4.address }}
内存大小: {{ ansible_memtotal_mb }}
CPU数量: {{ ansible_processor_vcpus }}
核心总数: {{ ansible_processor_cores }}
发行版本: {{ ansible_distribution }}


#运行
[root@manager playbook]# ansible-playbook 10.change_moted.yaml

PLAY [front] **********************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.100.148]

TASK [template分发motd] ***********************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.100.148]

PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************************
192.168.100.148            : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0


# 测试
[root@manager playbook]# ssh root@front
welcome to Linux-front
--------------------------------------------
主机名: front
ip地址: 192.168.100.148
内存大小: 3640
CPU数量: 2
核心总数: 2
发行版本: CentOS