从零教你实现django的前后端分离模式文件上传下载功能实现(2024最新)

news2024/11/15 15:52:47

文章目录

- - 项目初始化配置
  - 具体文件上传下载代码的实现
  - - 数据库模型类建立
  - 运行测试

项目初始化配置

1.使用pycharm编辑器新建一个django项目
2.Terminal终端下载需要的依赖包

# 和数据库建立连接的依赖包
pip install mysqlclient
# 解决跨域问题的依赖包
pip install django-cors-headers

3.Terminal注册一个需要的app

python manage.py startapp users

4.修改settings.py里面的部分配置信息
在这里插入图片描述

5.主路由和子路由的修改配置
5.1主路由（sky指的是你python manage.py startapp "你的名称，根据自己的来）

5.2子路由：在你的sky文件下面创建urls.py,并填写以下内容

6.数据库迁移，终端输入以下语句

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

具体文件上传下载代码的实现

数据库模型类建立

1.在sky/models.py书写以下代码

from django.db import models


# Create your models here.
class UploadedFile(models.Model):
    file = models.FileField(upload_to='uploads/')
    uploaded_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    mime_type = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="")  # 添加mime_type字段

    def __str__(self):
        return self.file.name

2.再次执行迁移文件，将数据库表迁移

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

3.在sky/views下书写以下代码（上传/下载/时间获取接口）

import os

from django.http import JsonResponse, HttpResponse
from .models import UploadedFile

# 定义一个字典，用于将文件扩展名映射到 MIME 类型
MIME_TYPES = {
    '.txt': 'text/plain; charset=utf-8',
    '.pdf': 'application/pdf',
    '.xls': 'application/vnd.ms-excel',
    '.xlsx': 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet',
    '.kmz': 'application/vnd.google-earth.kmz',
    # 添加其他文件类型的映射
}


# 文件上传接口
def upload_file(request):
    if request.method == 'POST' and request.FILES.get('file'):
        uploaded_file = request.FILES['file']
        # 获取文件扩展名，了解是上传的什么类型的文件
        file_extension = os.path.splitext(uploaded_file.name)[1].lower()

        # 获取文件类型的 MIME 类型（application/octet-stream标识默认返回类型）
        mime_type = MIME_TYPES.get(file_extension, 'application/octet-stream')

        # 保存文件时同时保存文件类型信息
        uploaded_file_object = UploadedFile.objects.create(
            file=uploaded_file,
            mime_type=mime_type  # 保存文件类型信息
        )

        # 其他处理逻辑...
        return JsonResponse({'success': True, 'file_id': uploaded_file_object.id})
    else:
        return JsonResponse({'error': 'File not provided'})


# 文件下载接口
def download_file(request, file_id):
    try:
        upload_file = UploadedFile.objects.get(id=file_id)
        file_path = upload_file.file.path

        # 获取文件类型信息
        mime_type = upload_file.mime_type

        with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:
            response = HttpResponse(file.read(), content_type=mime_type)
            response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=' + os.path.basename(file_path)
            return response
    except UploadedFile.DoesNotExist:
        return JsonResponse({'error': 'File not found'})


# 删除文件接口
def delete_file(request, file_id):
    if request.method == 'DELETE':
        try:
            uploaded_file = UploadedFile.objects.get(id=file_id)
            file_path = uploaded_file.file.path

            # 从数据库中删除文件记录
            uploaded_file.delete()

            # 删除文件
            if os.path.exists(file_path):
                os.remove(file_path)

            return JsonResponse({'success': True})
        except UploadedFile.DoesNotExist:
            return JsonResponse({'error': 'File not found'})
    else:
        return JsonResponse({'error': 'Method not allowed'}, status=405)


# 获取文件上传时间接口
def get_upload_time(request, file_id):
    try:
        uploaded_file = UploadedFile.objects.get(id=file_id)
        upload_time = uploaded_file.uploaded_at.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
        return JsonResponse({'upload_time': upload_time})
    except UploadedFile.DoesNotExist:
        return JsonResponse({'error': 'File not found'})

4.sky/urls路由配置信息

# 应用程序目录下的 urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('uploadfile/', views.upload_file),
    path('downloadfile/<int:file_id>/', views.download_file),
    path('deletefile/<int:file_id>/', views.delete_file),
    path('getUpdateTime/<int:file_id>/', views.get_upload_time)
]