本文内容参考:
ESP32 (WIFI)-AP、STA模式(14)_wifi接口 wifi_ap_channel_set-CSDN博客
【ESP-IDF】ESP32利用wifi联网(STA模式)_esp32ap和sta-CSDN博客
Wi-Fi 库 - ESP32 - — ESP-IDF 编程指南 latest 文档
特此致谢!
一、概述
1. Wi-Fi模式概述
Wi-Fi主要有两种模式:STA和AP。
- AP
AP的全称是:Access Point,即无线接入点,即我们常说的热点,热点被其它设备连接。AP提供无线接入服务,允许其它无线设备接入,提供数据访问。
- STA
STA的全称是Station,连接热点的设备叫STA。STA站点就是每一个连接到无线网络中的终端(如笔记本电脑、PDA及其它可以联网的用户设备),其都可称为一个站点。类似于无线终端,STA本身并不接受无线的接入,它可以连接到AP设备。
2. ESP32的WI-FI模式
Wi-Fi库支持配置及监控ESP32 Wi-Fi连网功能。支持配置:
-
STA模式
即Station模式或Wi-Fi客户端模式,此时ESP32连接到接入点 (AP)。
- AP模式
即Soft-AP模式或接入点模式,此时基站连接到ESP32。
- STA/AP共存模式
ESP32既是接入点,同时又作为基站连接到另外一个接入点。
- 安全模式
上述模式的各种安全模式(WPA、WPA2、WPA3 等)。
- 扫描接入点
包括主动扫描及被动扫描。
- 混杂模式
使用混杂模式监控IEEE802.11 Wi-Fi数据包。
二、STA模式例程
1. 例程链接
例程的链接地址为:https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/tree/release/v4.4/examples/wifi/getting_started/station
2. 操作步骤
README.md文件给出了本例程工程的细节。
以下以README.md中的说明为基础,结合实际操作进行更为深入的讲解。
Wi-Fi Station例程
有关更多示例的信息,请参阅上层“examples”目录中的README.md文件。
esp-idf/examples/README.md at release/v4.4 · espressif/esp-idf · GitHub
本示例显示了如何使用ESP Wi-Fi驱动程序的Wi-Fi Station功能连接到接入点。
如何使用示例
配置项目
打开项目配置菜单。命令为:
idf.py menuconfig
在“示例配置”菜单中:
- 设置Wi-Fi配置
- 设置WiFi SSID
- 设置WiFi密码
可选:如果需要,请根据你自己的要求更改其它选项。
构建和烧录
构建项目并将其烧录到板上,然后运行监视器工具以查看串行输出。使用以下命令来构建、烧录和监控项目。
idf.py -p PORT flash monitor
注:以上步骤的大致流程笔者之前回目中已经讲过,在此不赘述。但后文书会在VSCode+ESP-IDF下详细说明此步骤。
3. 初始化流程
ESP32 WIFI-STA初始化流程如下图所示:
4. 主要示例代码
- main\station_example_main.c
/* WiFi station Example
This example code is in the Public Domain (or CC0 licensed, at your option.)
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, this
software is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
#include <string.h>
#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "freertos/task.h"
#include "freertos/event_groups.h"
#include "esp_system.h"
#include "esp_wifi.h"
#include "esp_event.h"
#include "esp_log.h"
#include "nvs_flash.h"
#include "lwip/err.h"
#include "lwip/sys.h"
/* The examples use WiFi configuration that you can set via project configuration menu
If you'd rather not, just change the below entries to strings with
the config you want - ie #define EXAMPLE_WIFI_SSID "mywifissid"
*/
#define EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_SSID
#define EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_PASSWORD
#define EXAMPLE_ESP_MAXIMUM_RETRY CONFIG_ESP_MAXIMUM_RETRY
#if CONFIG_ESP_WPA3_SAE_PWE_HUNT_AND_PECK
#define ESP_WIFI_SAE_MODE WPA3_SAE_PWE_HUNT_AND_PECK
#define EXAMPLE_H2E_IDENTIFIER ""
#elif CONFIG_ESP_WPA3_SAE_PWE_HASH_TO_ELEMENT
#define ESP_WIFI_SAE_MODE WPA3_SAE_PWE_HASH_TO_ELEMENT
#define EXAMPLE_H2E_IDENTIFIER CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_PW_ID
#elif CONFIG_ESP_WPA3_SAE_PWE_BOTH
#define ESP_WIFI_SAE_MODE WPA3_SAE_PWE_BOTH
#define EXAMPLE_H2E_IDENTIFIER CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_PW_ID
#endif
#if CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_AUTH_OPEN
#define ESP_WIFI_SCAN_AUTH_MODE_THRESHOLD WIFI_AUTH_OPEN
#elif CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_AUTH_WEP
#define ESP_WIFI_SCAN_AUTH_MODE_THRESHOLD WIFI_AUTH_WEP
#elif CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_AUTH_WPA_PSK
#define ESP_WIFI_SCAN_AUTH_MODE_THRESHOLD WIFI_AUTH_WPA_PSK
#elif CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_AUTH_WPA2_PSK
#define ESP_WIFI_SCAN_AUTH_MODE_THRESHOLD WIFI_AUTH_WPA2_PSK
#elif CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_AUTH_WPA_WPA2_PSK
#define ESP_WIFI_SCAN_AUTH_MODE_THRESHOLD WIFI_AUTH_WPA_WPA2_PSK
#elif CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_AUTH_WPA3_PSK
#define ESP_WIFI_SCAN_AUTH_MODE_THRESHOLD WIFI_AUTH_WPA3_PSK
#elif CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_AUTH_WPA2_WPA3_PSK
#define ESP_WIFI_SCAN_AUTH_MODE_THRESHOLD WIFI_AUTH_WPA2_WPA3_PSK
#elif CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_AUTH_WAPI_PSK
#define ESP_WIFI_SCAN_AUTH_MODE_THRESHOLD WIFI_AUTH_WAPI_PSK
#endif
/* FreeRTOS event group to signal when we are connected*/
static EventGroupHandle_t s_wifi_event_group;
/* The event group allows multiple bits for each event, but we only care about two events:
* - we are connected to the AP with an IP
* - we failed to connect after the maximum amount of retries */
#define WIFI_CONNECTED_BIT BIT0
#define WIFI_FAIL_BIT BIT1
static const char *TAG = "wifi station";
static int s_retry_num = 0;
static void event_handler(void* arg, esp_event_base_t event_base,
int32_t event_id, void* event_data)
{
if (event_base == WIFI_EVENT && event_id == WIFI_EVENT_STA_START) {
esp_wifi_connect();
} else if (event_base == WIFI_EVENT && event_id == WIFI_EVENT_STA_DISCONNECTED) {
if (s_retry_num < EXAMPLE_ESP_MAXIMUM_RETRY) {
esp_wifi_connect();
s_retry_num++;
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "retry to connect to the AP");
} else {
xEventGroupSetBits(s_wifi_event_group, WIFI_FAIL_BIT);
}
ESP_LOGI(TAG,"connect to the AP fail");
} else if (event_base == IP_EVENT && event_id == IP_EVENT_STA_GOT_IP) {
ip_event_got_ip_t* event = (ip_event_got_ip_t*) event_data;
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "got ip:" IPSTR, IP2STR(&event->ip_info.ip));
s_retry_num = 0;
xEventGroupSetBits(s_wifi_event_group, WIFI_CONNECTED_BIT);
}
}
void wifi_init_sta(void)
{
s_wifi_event_group = xEventGroupCreate();
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_netif_init());
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_loop_create_default());
esp_netif_create_default_wifi_sta();
wifi_init_config_t cfg = WIFI_INIT_CONFIG_DEFAULT();
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_init(&cfg));
esp_event_handler_instance_t instance_any_id;
esp_event_handler_instance_t instance_got_ip;
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_handler_instance_register(WIFI_EVENT,
ESP_EVENT_ANY_ID,
&event_handler,
NULL,
&instance_any_id));
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_handler_instance_register(IP_EVENT,
IP_EVENT_STA_GOT_IP,
&event_handler,
NULL,
&instance_got_ip));
wifi_config_t wifi_config = {
.sta = {
.ssid = EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID,
.password = EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS,
/* Authmode threshold resets to WPA2 as default if password matches WPA2 standards (pasword len => 8).
* If you want to connect the device to deprecated WEP/WPA networks, Please set the threshold value
* to WIFI_AUTH_WEP/WIFI_AUTH_WPA_PSK and set the password with length and format matching to
* WIFI_AUTH_WEP/WIFI_AUTH_WPA_PSK standards.
*/
.threshold.authmode = ESP_WIFI_SCAN_AUTH_MODE_THRESHOLD,
.sae_pwe_h2e = ESP_WIFI_SAE_MODE,
.sae_h2e_identifier = EXAMPLE_H2E_IDENTIFIER,
},
};
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_mode(WIFI_MODE_STA) );
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_config(WIFI_IF_STA, &wifi_config) );
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_start() );
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "wifi_init_sta finished.");
/* Waiting until either the connection is established (WIFI_CONNECTED_BIT) or connection failed for the maximum
* number of re-tries (WIFI_FAIL_BIT). The bits are set by event_handler() (see above) */
EventBits_t bits = xEventGroupWaitBits(s_wifi_event_group,
WIFI_CONNECTED_BIT | WIFI_FAIL_BIT,
pdFALSE,
pdFALSE,
portMAX_DELAY);
/* xEventGroupWaitBits() returns the bits before the call returned, hence we can test which event actually
* happened. */
if (bits & WIFI_CONNECTED_BIT) {
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "connected to ap SSID:%s password:%s",
EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID, EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS);
} else if (bits & WIFI_FAIL_BIT) {
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Failed to connect to SSID:%s, password:%s",
EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID, EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS);
} else {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "UNEXPECTED EVENT");
}
}
void app_main(void)
{
//Initialize NVS
esp_err_t ret = nvs_flash_init();
if (ret == ESP_ERR_NVS_NO_FREE_PAGES || ret == ESP_ERR_NVS_NEW_VERSION_FOUND) {
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(nvs_flash_erase());
ret = nvs_flash_init();
}
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(ret);
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "ESP_WIFI_MODE_STA");
wifi_init_sta();
}
对于例程代码的详细解析,请看下回。