接下来是构建文件系统，这里使用最新的buildroot
https://buildroot.org/download.html
https://buildroot.org/download.html
tar xf buildroot-2022.11.tar.gz
cd buildroot-2022.11
make menuconfig配置目标指令集类型
配置外部自定义编译器
配置生成文件系统类型为ubifs，最大逻辑擦除块数量决定了spinand的容量，我这里是128M的spinand，所以128M/128k = 1024
上面的这些配置操作可以用下面的默认配置文件代替，在configs文件夹创建sunxi_t113_spinand_defconfig文件，添加下面内容，使用make sunxi_t113_spinand_defconfig载入配置。
# architecture
BR2_arm=y
BR2_cortex_a7=y
BR2_ARM_FPU_VFPV4=y
# Toolchain
BR2_TOOLCHAIN_EXTERNAL=y
BR2_TOOLCHAIN_EXTERNAL_CUSTOM=y
BR2_TOOLCHAIN_EXTERNAL_PATH="/home/wsl/arm-none-linux-gnueabihf"
BR2_TOOLCHAIN_EXTERNAL_GLIBC=y
BR2_TOOLCHAIN_EXTERNAL_PREFIX="arm-none-linux-gnueabihf"
BR2_TOOLCHAIN_EXTERNAL_CUSTOM_PREFIX="arm-none-linux-gnueabihf"
BR2_TOOLCHAIN_EXTERNAL_GCC_12=y
BR2_TOOLCHAIN_EXTERNAL_HEADERS_4_20=y
BR2_TOOLCHAIN_EXTERNAL_CUSTOM_GLIBC=y
# BR2_TOOLCHAIN_EXTERNAL_INET_RPC is not set
BR2_TOOLCHAIN_EXTERNAL_CXX=y
# system
# kernel
# bootloader
# filesystem / image
BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_UBI=y
BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_UBI_PEBSIZE=0x20000
BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_UBI_SUBSIZE=0
BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_UBIFS=y
BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_UBIFS_LEBSIZE=0x1f000
BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_UBIFS_MINIOSIZE=0x800
BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_UBIFS_MAXLEBCNT=1024
BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_UBIFS_OPTS="-F"配置完成后make开始编译，接下来就是漫长的下载编译过程，大概需要半小时。
编译成功后会生成output/images/rootfs.ubi，使用xfel命令写入。
xfel spinand erase 0x800000 0x7800000
xfel spinand write 0x800000 output/images/rootfs.ubi复位发现没有启动成功，原来内核默认没有打开mtd和ubi支持，在内核配置添加下面选项
Device Drivers -> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support -> NAND -> SPI NAND device Support
Device Drivers -> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support -> Enable UBI - Unsorted block images
File Systems -> Miscellaneous filesystems -> UBIFS file system support或者在arch\arm\configs\sunxi_defconfig中添加
CONFIG_MTD=y
CONFIG_MTD_SPI_NAND=y
CONFIG_MTD_UBI=y
CONFIG_UBIFS_FS=y后重新载入配置。
另外设备树中的启动参数和分区也需要修改
bootargs = "mem=128M ubi.mtd=3 rootfstype=ubifs root=ubi0:rootfs rw rootwait console=ttyS0,115200";
&spi0 {
pinctrl-0 = <&spi0_pins>;
pinctrl-names = "default";
status = "okay";
spi_nand: spi_nand@0 {
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <1>;
compatible = "spi-nand";
reg = <0>;
partition@0 {
label = "awboot";
reg = <0x0 0x40000>; /* 256K */
read-only;
};
partition@40000 {
label = "dtb";
reg = <0x40000 0x40000>; /* 256k */
read-only;
};
partition@80000 {
label = "kernel";
reg = <0x80000 0x780000>; /* 7.5MB */
read-only;
};
partition@800000 {
label = "rootfs";
reg = <0x800000 0x7800000>;
};
};
};修改完后重新写入spi-nand，系统顺利启动，一个标准linux 6.1的基础busybox文件系统就做好了，可以根据不同应用可在buildroot添加所需的命令，下面是我常用的一些命令，总之非常方便。
make menuconfig
System configuration ---> [*] Enable root login with password
Target packages ---> Networking applications ---> dropbear
Target packages ---> Libraries ---> Hardware handling ---> tslib
Target packages ---> Text editors and viewers ---> nano
Target packages ---> System tools ---> htop
iperf3
coremark
dhrystone
make busybox-menuconfig
Archival Utilities ---> Make tar xxx, Autodetect compressed tarballs
Linux System Utilities ---> Support mounting CIFS/SMB file systems
Networking Utilities ---> httpd
Networking Utilities ---> ntpd
Networking Utilities ---> udhcpd
Process Utilities ---> Support thread display in ps/pstree/top
Process Utilities ---> pgrep
Process Utilities ---> pmap
Process Utilities ---> Show the number of users完整启动日志
[I] AWBoot r6143 starting...
[I] SPI-NAND: W25N01GV detected
[I] SPI-NAND: read dt blob of size 22242 at 43.00MB/S
[I] SPI-NAND: read Image of size 5424416 at 49.00MB/S
[I] booting linux...
[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[ 0.000000] Linux version 6.1.0-rc3 (wsl@DESKTOP-NQRKTHB) (arm-none-linux-gnueabihf-gcc (Arm GNU Toolchain 12.2.Rel1 (Build arm-12.24)) 12.2.1 20221205, GNU ld (Arm GNU Toolchain 12.2.Rel1 (Build arm-12.1210) #7 SMP Fri Dec 30 18:52:12 CST 2022
[ 0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc075] revision 5 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d
[ 0.000000] CPU: div instructions available: patching division code
[ 0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache
[ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Machine model: MangoPi MQ-Dual
[ 0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writealloc
[ 0.000000] cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 0x47000000
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] Normal [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x0000000047ffffff]
[ 0.000000] HighMem empty
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x0000000047ffffff]
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x0000000047ffffff]
[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 11 pages/cpu s15764 r8192 d21100 u45056
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 32512
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: mem=128M ubi.mtd=3 rootfstype=ubifs root=ubi0:rootfs rw rootwait console=ttyS0,115200
[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:all(zero), heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[ 0.000000] Memory: 99804K/131072K available (8192K kernel code, 952K rwdata, 2188K rodata, 1024K init, 270K bss, 14884K reserved, 16384K cma-reserved, 0K highmem)
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=2, Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=2.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 10 jiffies.
[ 0.000000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=2
[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 16, nr_irqs: 16, preallocated irqs: 16
[ 0.000000] rcu: srcu_init: Setting srcu_struct sizes based on contention.
[ 0.000000] arch_timer: cp15 timer(s) running at 24.00MHz (phys).
[ 0.000000] clocksource: arch_sys_counter: mask: 0xffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x588fe9dc0, max_idle_ns: 440795202592 ns
[ 0.000001] sched_clock: 56 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 4398046511097ns
[ 0.000013] Switching to timer-based delay loop, resolution 41ns
[ 0.000188] clocksource: timer: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 79635851949 ns
[ 0.000681] Console: colour dummy device 80x30
[ 0.000724] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 48.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=240000)
[ 0.000740] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.000901] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000916] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.001461] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
[ 0.001766] /cpus/cpu@0 missing clock-frequency property
[ 0.001795] /cpus/cpu@1 missing clock-frequency property
[ 0.001805] CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000
[ 0.002581] Setting up static identity map for 0x40100000 - 0x40100060
[ 0.002720] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[ 0.002725] rcu: Max phase no-delay instances is 1000.
[ 0.003261] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[ 0.003971] CPU1: thread -1, cpu 1, socket 0, mpidr 80000001
[ 0.004097] smp: Brought up 1 node, 2 CPUs
[ 0.004107] SMP: Total of 2 processors activated (96.00 BogoMIPS).
[ 0.004114] CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
[ 0.004635] devtmpfs: initialized
[ 0.008727] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 2 part 30 variant 7 rev 5
[ 0.008927] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
[ 0.008951] futex hash table entries: 512 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
[ 0.009546] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
[ 0.010921] NET: Registered PF_NETLINK/PF_ROUTE protocol family
[ 0.011968] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
[ 0.012787] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'step_wise'
[ 0.012969] hw-breakpoint: found 5 (+1 reserved) breakpoint and 4 watchpoint registers.
[ 0.012981] hw-breakpoint: maximum watchpoint size is 8 bytes.
[ 0.020855] platform 5460000.tcon-top: Fixing up cyclic dependency with 5200000.mixer
[ 0.020919] platform 5460000.tcon-top: Fixing up cyclic dependency with 5100000.mixer
[ 0.021185] platform 5461000.lcd-controller: Fixing up cyclic dependency with 5460000.tcon-top
[ 0.021537] platform 5470000.lcd-controller: Fixing up cyclic dependency with 5604000.tv-encoder
[ 0.021593] platform 5470000.lcd-controller: Fixing up cyclic dependency with 5460000.tcon-top
[ 0.022352] platform 7090000.rtc: Fixing up cyclic dependency with 7010000.clock-controller
[ 0.032234] SCSI subsystem initialized
[ 0.032716] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 0.032754] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 0.032791] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 0.032977] mc: Linux media interface: v0.10
[ 0.033022] videodev: Linux video capture interface: v2.00
[ 0.033106] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
[ 0.033112] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
[ 0.033127] PTP clock support registered
[ 0.033547] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
[ 0.034416] clocksource: Switched to clocksource arch_sys_counter
[ 0.041644] NET: Registered PF_INET protocol family
[ 0.041849] IP idents hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.042389] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.042417] Table-perturb hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
[ 0.042428] TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.042444] TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.042479] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
[ 0.042567] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[ 0.042599] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[ 0.042749] NET: Registered PF_UNIX/PF_LOCAL protocol family
[ 0.043429] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
[ 0.043443] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[ 0.043447] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[ 0.043450] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
[ 0.044815] workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=15 bucket_order=0
[ 0.049789] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type
[ 0.049854] Key type id_resolver registered
[ 0.049858] Key type id_legacy registered
[ 0.050022] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 246)
[ 0.050031] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[ 0.050036] io scheduler kyber registered
[ 0.108727] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 8 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
[ 0.118865] CAN device driver interface
[ 0.122269] sun6i-rtc 7090000.rtc: registered as rtc0
[ 0.122395] sun6i-rtc 7090000.rtc: setting system clock to 1970-01-02T00:00:00 UTC (86400)
[ 0.122514] sun6i-rtc 7090000.rtc: RTC enabled
[ 0.122857] i2c_dev: i2c /dev entries driver
[ 0.124723] sunxi-wdt 20500a0.watchdog: Watchdog enabled (timeout=16 sec, nowayout=0)
[ 0.125850] sun8i-ce 3040000.crypto: Set mod clock to 300000000 (300 Mhz) from 400000000 (400 Mhz)
[ 0.126215] sun8i-ce 3040000.crypto: will run requests pump with realtime priority
[ 0.126553] sun8i-ce 3040000.crypto: will run requests pump with realtime priority
[ 0.126774] sun8i-ce 3040000.crypto: will run requests pump with realtime priority
[ 0.126977] sun8i-ce 3040000.crypto: will run requests pump with realtime priority
[ 0.127118] sun8i-ce 3040000.crypto: Register cbc(aes)
[ 0.127146] sun8i-ce 3040000.crypto: Register ecb(aes)
[ 0.127157] sun8i-ce 3040000.crypto: Register cbc(des3_ede)
[ 0.127166] sun8i-ce 3040000.crypto: Register ecb(des3_ede)
[ 0.127195] sun8i-ce 3040000.crypto: CryptoEngine Die ID 0
[ 0.128073] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[ 0.128082] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[ 0.130773] NET: Registered PF_PACKET protocol family
[ 0.130787] can: controller area network core
[ 0.130861] NET: Registered PF_CAN protocol family
[ 0.130869] can: raw protocol
[ 0.130876] can: broadcast manager protocol
[ 0.130885] can: netlink gateway - max_hops=1
[ 0.130991] Key type dns_resolver registered
[ 0.131078] Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler
[ 0.151942] sun20i-d1-pinctrl 2000000.pinctrl: initialized sunXi PIO driver
[ 0.153211] printk: console [ttyS0] disabled
[ 0.173477] 2500000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x2500000 (irq = 231, base_baud = 1500000) is a 16550A
[ 0.980691] printk: console [ttyS0] enabled
[ 0.987508] spi-nand spi0.0: Winbond SPI NAND was found.
[ 0.992841] spi-nand spi0.0: 128 MiB, block size: 128 KiB, page size: 2048, OOB size: 64
[ 1.001736] 4 fixed-partitions partitions found on MTD device spi0.0
[ 1.008126] Creating 4 MTD partitions on "spi0.0":
[ 1.012920] 0x000000000000-0x000000040000 : "awboot"
[ 1.018743] 0x000000040000-0x000000080000 : "dtb"
[ 1.024176] 0x000000080000-0x000000800000 : "kernel"
[ 1.038649] 0x000000800000-0x000008000000 : "rootfs"
[ 1.194220] phy phy-4100400.phy.0: Changing dr_mode to 1
[ 1.195527] usb_phy_generic usb_phy_generic.1.auto: dummy supplies not allowed for exclusive requests
[ 1.199603] ehci-platform 4101000.usb: EHCI Host Controller
[ 1.209317] musb-hdrc musb-hdrc.2.auto: MUSB HDRC host driver
[ 1.214352] ehci-platform 4101000.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
[ 1.220112] musb-hdrc musb-hdrc.2.auto: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
[ 1.236616] hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.236719] ehci-platform 4200000.usb: EHCI Host Controller
[ 1.240434] hub 2-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[ 1.247931] ohci-platform 4200400.usb: Generic Platform OHCI controller
[ 1.256590] ohci-platform 4200400.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 3
[ 1.264527] ehci-platform 4101000.usb: irq 233, io mem 0x04101000
[ 1.270652] ehci-platform 4200000.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 4
[ 1.270760] ohci-platform 4200400.usb: irq 237, io mem 0x04200400
[ 1.286255] ehci-platform 4200000.usb: irq 235, io mem 0x04200000
[ 1.292563] sunxi-mmc 4020000.mmc: Got CD GPIO
[ 1.294477] ehci-platform 4101000.usb: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
[ 1.303231] ubi0: attaching mtd3
[ 1.308189] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.312277] hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[ 1.322619] sunxi-mmc 4020000.mmc: initialized, max. request size: 2047 KB, uses new timings mode
[ 1.334453] ehci-platform 4200000.usb: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
[ 1.341315] hub 4-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.345162] hub 4-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[ 1.359176] hub 3-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.362978] hub 3-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[ 1.444542] ohci-platform 4101400.usb: Generic Platform OHCI controller
[ 1.451202] ohci-platform 4101400.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 5
[ 1.459287] ohci-platform 4101400.usb: irq 236, io mem 0x04101400
[ 1.539278] hub 5-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.543116] hub 5-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[ 1.574453] random: crng init done
[ 2.100239] ubi0: scanning is finished
[ 2.114539] ubi0: attached mtd3 (name "rootfs", size 120 MiB)
[ 2.120305] ubi0: PEB size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB), LEB size: 126976 bytes
[ 2.127199] ubi0: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048/2048, sub-page size 2048
[ 2.133981] ubi0: VID header offset: 2048 (aligned 2048), data offset: 4096
[ 2.140952] ubi0: good PEBs: 960, bad PEBs: 0, corrupted PEBs: 0
[ 2.146964] ubi0: user volume: 1, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128
[ 2.154178] ubi0: max/mean erase counter: 2/0, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: 2041766426
[ 2.163310] ubi0: available PEBs: 0, total reserved PEBs: 960, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 20
[ 2.172542] ubi0: background thread "ubi_bgt0d" started, PID 85
[ 2.172894] ALSA device list:
[ 2.181451] No soundcards found.
[ 2.186632] UBIFS (ubi0:0): Mounting in unauthenticated mode
[ 2.192477] UBIFS (ubi0:0): background thread "ubifs_bgt0_0" started, PID 86
[ 2.249179] UBIFS (ubi0:0): recovery needed
[ 2.379732] UBIFS (ubi0:0): recovery completed
[ 2.384300] UBIFS (ubi0:0): UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "rootfs"
[ 2.391721] UBIFS (ubi0:0): LEB size: 126976 bytes (124 KiB), min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048 bytes/2048 bytes
[ 2.401642] UBIFS (ubi0:0): FS size: 117452800 bytes (112 MiB, 925 LEBs), max 1024 LEBs, journal size 9023488 bytes (8 MiB, 72 LEBs)
[ 2.413554] UBIFS (ubi0:0): reserved for root: 0 bytes (0 KiB)
[ 2.419390] UBIFS (ubi0:0): media format: w4/r0 (latest is w5/r0), UUID 9AE4F0B9-2A05-4C7A-8644-AA2CE4D2FFF0, small LPT model
[ 2.432511] VFS: Mounted root (ubifs filesystem) on device 0:13.
[ 2.440323] devtmpfs: mounted
[ 2.444496] Freeing unused kernel image (initmem) memory: 1024K
[ 2.450581] Run /sbin/init as init processSB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
[ 1.228343] ehci-platform 4200000.usb: EHCI Host Controller
[ 1.235904] hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.242613] ohci-platform 4200400.usb: Generic Platform OHCI controller
[ 1.244554] hub 2-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[ 1.255208] ehci-platform 4101000.usb: irq 233, io mem 0x04101000
[ 1.261339] ehci-platform 4200000.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 3
[ 1.264326] ohci-platform 4200400.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 4
[ 1.278588] ehci-platform 4200000.usb: irq 235, io mem 0x04200000
[ 1.284829] ehci-platform 4101000.usb: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
[ 1.284899] sunxi-mmc 4020000.mmc: Got CD GPIO
[ 1.296563] ubi0: attaching mtd3
[ 1.300503] ohci-platform 4200400.usb: irq 237, io mem 0x04200400
[ 1.307274] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.311088] hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[ 1.315120] ehci-platform 4200000.usb: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
[ 1.320965] sunxi-mmc 4020000.mmc: initialized, max. request size: 2047 KB, uses new timings mode
[ 1.322827] hub 3-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.333954] hub 3-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[ 1.379177] hub 4-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.382997] hub 4-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[ 1.444407] ohci-platform 4101400.usb: Generic Platform OHCI controller
[ 1.451070] ohci-platform 4101400.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 5
[ 1.459134] ohci-platform 4101400.usb: irq 236, io mem 0x04101400
[ 1.539152] hub 5-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.542954] hub 5-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[ 1.614309] random: crng init done
[ 2.110704] ubi0: scanning is finished
[ 2.124757] ubi0: attached mtd3 (name "rootfs", size 120 MiB)
[ 2.130523] ubi0: PEB size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB), LEB size: 126976 bytes
[ 2.137436] ubi0: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048/2048, sub-page size 2048
[ 2.144219] ubi0: VID header offset: 2048 (aligned 2048), data offset: 4096
[ 2.151185] ubi0: good PEBs: 960, bad PEBs: 0, corrupted PEBs: 0
[ 2.157205] ubi0: user volume: 1, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128
[ 2.164431] ubi0: max/mean erase counter: 2/0, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: 2041766426
[ 2.173555] ubi0: available PEBs: 0, total reserved PEBs: 960, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 20
[ 2.183138] ALSA device list:
[ 2.186140] No soundcards found.
[ 2.186172] ubi0: background thread "ubi_bgt0d" started, PID 85
[ 2.197304] UBIFS (ubi0:0): Mounting in unauthenticated mode
[ 2.203409] UBIFS (ubi0:0): background thread "ubifs_bgt0_0" started, PID 86
[ 2.318154] UBIFS (ubi0:0): UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "rootfs"
[ 2.325610] UBIFS (ubi0:0): LEB size: 126976 bytes (124 KiB), min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048 bytes/2048 bytes
[ 2.335531] UBIFS (ubi0:0): FS size: 117452800 bytes (112 MiB, 925 LEBs), max 1024 LEBs, journal size 9023488 bytes (8 MiB, 72 LEBs)
[ 2.347444] UBIFS (ubi0:0): reserved for root: 0 bytes (0 KiB)
[ 2.353272] UBIFS (ubi0:0): media format: w4/r0 (latest is w5/r0), UUID 9AE4F0B9-2A05-4C7A-8644-AA2CE4D2FFF0, small LPT model
[ 2.366769] VFS: Mounted root (ubifs filesystem) on device 0:13.
[ 2.374505] devtmpfs: mounted
[ 2.378644] Freeing unused kernel image (initmem) memory: 1024K
[ 2.384764] Run /sbin/init as init process
Starting syslogd: OK
Starting klogd: OK
Running sysctl: OK
Initializing random number generator: OK
Saving random seed: OK
Starting network: OK
Welcome to Buildroot
buildroot login: root
#
# uname -a
Linux buildroot 6.1.0-rc3 #7 SMP Fri Dec 30 18:52:12 CST 2022 armv7l GNU/Linux
#
# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS : 48.00
Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xc07
CPU revision : 5
processor : 1
model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS : 48.00
Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xc07
CPU revision : 5
Hardware : Generic DT based system
Revision : 0000
Serial : 0000000000000000
#
# cat /proc/mtd
dev: size erasesize name
mtd0: 00040000 00020000 "awboot"
mtd1: 00040000 00020000 "dtb"
mtd2: 00780000 00020000 "kernel"
mtd3: 07800000 00020000 "rootfs"
#
# mount
ubi0:rootfs on / type ubifs (rw,relatime,assert=read-only,ubi=0,vol=0)
devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,relatime,size=49900k,nr_inodes=12475,mode=755)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,relatime)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=666)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,relatime,mode=777)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,mode=755)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,relatime)
#
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on
ubi0:rootfs 102.9M 3.5M 99.5M 3% /
devtmpfs 48.7M 0 48.7M 0% /dev
tmpfs 57.2M 0 57.2M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 57.2M 24.0K 57.2M 0% /tmp
tmpfs 57.2M 16.0K 57.2M 0% /run
#
# time dd if=/dev/zero of=test.bin bs=1M count=64 conv=fsync
64+0 records in
64+0 records out
real 0m 1.26s
user 0m 0.00s
sys 0m 0.48s
#
#
# reboot
# Stopping network: OK
Saving random seed: OK
Stopping klogd: OK
Stopping syslogd: OK
umount: devtmpfs busy - remounted read-only
[ 123.118531] UBIFS (ubi0:0): background thread "ubifs_bgt0_0" stops
The system is going down NOW!
Sent SIGTERM to all processes
Sent SIGKILL to[ 125.165719] reboot: Restarting system
