1、首先，导入所需的库和模块，包括NumPy、PyTorch、MNIST数据集、数据处理工具、模型层、优化器、损失函数、混淆矩阵、绘图工具以及数据处理工具。

import numpy as np
import torch
from torchvision.datasets import mnist
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
from torch import nn
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import csv
import pandas as pd

2、设置超参数，包括训练批次大小、测试批次大小、学习率和训练周期数。

# 设置超参数
train_batch_size = 64
test_batch_size = 64
learning_rate = 0.001
num_epochs = 10

3、创建数据转换管道，将图像数据转换为张量并进行标准化。

transform = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.ToTensor(),
    transforms.Normalize([0.5], [0.5])
])

4、下载和预处理MNIST数据集，分为训练集和测试集。

# 下载和预处理数据集
train_dataset = mnist.MNIST('data', train=True, transform=transform, download=True)
test_dataset = mnist.MNIST('data', train=False, transform=transform)

5、创建用于训练和测试的数据加载器，以便有效地加载数据。

# 创建数据加载器
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=train_batch_size, shuffle=True)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_dataset, batch_size=test_batch_size, shuffle=False)

 6、定义了一个简单的CNN模型，包括两个卷积层和两个全连接层。

# 定义CNN模型
class CNN(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(CNN, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 32, kernel_size=5)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=5)
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(1024, 256)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(256, 10)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = F.relu(F.max_pool2d(self.conv1(x), 2))
        x = F.relu(F.max_pool2d(self.conv2(x), 2))
        x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)
        x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
        x = self.fc2(x)
        return F.log_softmax(x, dim=1)

7、初始化模型、优化器和损失函数。

# 初始化模型、优化器和损失函数
model = CNN()
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

8、准备用于记录训练和测试过程中损失和准确率的列表。

# 记录训练和测试过程中的损失和准确率
train_losses = []
test_losses = []
train_accuracies = []
test_accuracies = []

9、进入训练循环，遍历每个训练周期。在每个训练周期内，进入训练模式，遍历训练数据批次，计算损失、反向传播并更新模型参数，同时记录训练损失和准确率。

for epoch in range(num_epochs):
    model.train()
    train_loss = 0.0
    correct = 0
    total = 0

    for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        output = model(data)
        loss = criterion(output, target)
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()
        train_loss += loss.item()

        # 计算训练准确率
        _, predicted = output.max(1)
        total += target.size(0)
        correct += predicted.eq(target).sum().item()

    # 计算平均训练损失和训练准确率
    train_loss /= len(train_loader)
    train_accuracy = 100. * correct / total
    train_losses.append(train_loss)
    train_accuracies.append(train_accuracy)  # 记录训练准确率

    # 测试模型
    model.eval()
    test_loss = 0.0
    correct = 0
    all_labels = []
    all_preds = []

    with torch.no_grad():
        for data, target in test_loader:
            output = model(data)
            test_loss += criterion(output, target).item()
            pred = output.argmax(dim=1, keepdim=True)
            correct += pred.eq(target.view_as(pred)).sum().item()
            all_labels.extend(target.numpy())
            all_preds.extend(pred.numpy())

10、在每个训练周期结束后，进入测试模式，遍历测试数据批次，计算测试损失和准确率，同时记录它们。打印每个周期的训练和测试损失以及准确率。

# 计算平均测试损失和测试准确率
    test_loss /= len(test_loader)
    test_accuracy = 100. * correct / len(test_loader.dataset)
    test_losses.append(test_loss)
    test_accuracies.append(test_accuracy)

    print(f'Epoch [{epoch + 1}/{num_epochs}] -> Train Loss: {train_loss:.4f}, Train Accuracy: {train_accuracy:.2f}%, Test Loss: {test_loss:.4f}, Test Accuracy: {test_accuracy:.2f}%')

11、losses、acces、eval_losses、eval_acces保存到TXT文件

# 保存训练结果
data = np.column_stack((train_losses,test_losses,train_accuracies, test_accuracies))
np.savetxt("results.txt", data)

12、绘制Loss、ACC图像

# 绘制Loss曲线图
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 2))
plt.plot(train_losses, label='Train Loss', color='blue')
plt.plot(test_losses, label='Test Loss', color='red')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.ylabel('Loss')
plt.legend()
plt.title('Loss Curve')
plt.grid(True)
plt.savefig('loss_curve.png')
plt.show()

# 绘制Accuracy曲线图
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 2))
plt.plot(train_accuracies, label='Train Accuracy', color='red')  # 绘制训练准确率曲线
plt.plot(test_accuracies, label='Test Accuracy', color='green')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.ylabel('Accuracy')
plt.legend()
plt.title('Accuracy Curve')
plt.grid(True)
plt.savefig('accuracy_curve.png')
plt.show()

 

 13、绘制混淆矩阵图像

# 计算混淆矩阵
confusion_mat = confusion_matrix(all_labels, all_preds)
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
sns.heatmap(confusion_mat, annot=True, fmt='d', cmap='Blues', cbar=False)
plt.xlabel('Predicted Labels')
plt.ylabel('True Labels')
plt.title('Confusion Matrix')
plt.savefig('confusion_matrix.png')
plt.show()