一、手工建库的目的
1、方便理解Oracle的体系结构
2、更快更好的创建数据库
3、方便了解建库的每步细节
4、手工建库的实用性
二、dbca生成的脚本
/app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/
orcl.sh
#!/bin/sh
OLD_UMASK=`umask`
umask 0027
mkdir -p /app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump
mkdir -p /app/oracle/admin/orcl/dpdump
mkdir -p /app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile
mkdir -p /app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl
mkdir -p /app/oracle/oradata/orcl
mkdir -p /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
umask ${OLD_UMASK}
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
echo You should Add this entry in the /etc/oratab: orcl:/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:Y
/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/sqlplus /nolog @/app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/orcl.sql
orcl.sql
set verify off
ACCEPT sysPassword CHAR PROMPT 'Enter new password for SYS: ' HIDE
ACCEPT systemPassword CHAR PROMPT 'Enter new password for SYSTEM: ' HIDE
ACCEPT sysmanPassword CHAR PROMPT 'Enter new password for SYSMAN: ' HIDE
ACCEPT dbsnmpPassword CHAR PROMPT 'Enter new password for DBSNMP: ' HIDE
host /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/orapwd file=/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl force=y
@/app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/CreateDB.sql
@/app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/CreateDBFiles.sql
@/app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/CreateDBCatalog.sql
@/app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/lockAccount.sql
@/app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/postDBCreation.sql
CreateDB.sql
SET VERIFY OFF
connect "SYS"/"&&sysPassword" as SYSDBA
set echo on
spool /app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/CreateDB.log append
startup nomount pfile="/app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/init.ora";
CREATE DATABASE "orcl"
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
DATAFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf' SIZE 700M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 600M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SMALLFILE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SMALLFILE UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS1" DATAFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log') SIZE 51200K,
GROUP 2 ('/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log') SIZE 51200K,
GROUP 3 ('/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log') SIZE 51200K
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY "&&sysPassword" USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY "&&systemPassword";
spool off
CreateDBFiles.sql
SET VERIFY OFF
connect "SYS"/"&&sysPassword" as SYSDBA
set echo on
spool /app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/CreateDBFiles.log append
CREATE SMALLFILE TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING DATAFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf' SIZE 5M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USERS";
spool off
CreateDBCatalog.sql
SET VERIFY OFF
connect "SYS"/"&&sysPassword" as SYSDBA
set echo on
spool /app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/CreateDBCatalog.log append
@/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql;
@/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catblock.sql;
@/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql;
@/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catoctk.sql;
@/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/owminst.plb;
connect "SYSTEM"/"&&systemPassword"
@/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql;
connect "SYSTEM"/"&&systemPassword"
set echo on
spool /app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/sqlPlusHelp.log append
@/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sqlplus/admin/help/hlpbld.sql helpus.sql;
spool off
spool off
lockAccount.sql
SET VERIFY OFF
set echo on
spool /app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/lockAccount.log append
BEGIN
FOR item IN ( SELECT USERNAME FROM DBA_USERS WHERE ACCOUNT_STATUS IN ('OPEN', 'LOCKED', 'EXPIRED') AND USERNAME NOT IN (
'SYS','SYSTEM') )
LOOP
dbms_output.put_line('Locking and Expiring: ' || item.USERNAME);
execute immediate 'alter user ' ||
sys.dbms_assert.enquote_name(
sys.dbms_assert.schema_name(
item.USERNAME),false) || ' password expire account lock' ;
END LOOP;
END;
/
spool off
postDBCreation.sql
SET VERIFY OFF
connect "SYS"/"&&sysPassword" as SYSDBA
set echo on
spool /app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/postDBCreation.log append
select 'utl_recomp_begin: ' || to_char(sysdate, 'HH:MI:SS') from dual;
execute utl_recomp.recomp_serial();
select 'utl_recomp_end: ' || to_char(sysdate, 'HH:MI:SS') from dual;
connect "SYS"/"&&sysPassword" as SYSDBA
set echo on
create spfile='/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora' FROM pfile='/app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/init.ora';
shutdown immediate;
connect "SYS"/"&&sysPassword" as SYSDBA
startup ;
spool off
三、手工建库步骤
Step 1: Specify an Instance Identifier (SID) 指定SID
Step 2: Ensure That the Required Environment Variables Are Set 设置环境变量
Step 3: Choose a Database Administrator Authentication Method 配置密码文件
Step 4: Create the Initialization Parameter File 编辑创建参数文件
Step 5: (Windows Only) Create an Instance 若操作系统是windows就要执行，创建实例
Step 6: Connect to the Instance 连接实例
Step 7: Create a Server Parameter File 创建spfile文件
Step 8: Start the Instance 启动实例
Step 9: Issue the CREATE DATABASE Statement 创建数据库
Step 10: Create Additional Tablespaces 创建表空间
Step 11: Run Scripts to Build Data Dictionary Views 运行数据字典脚本
Step 1：指定SID
Decide on a unique Oracle system identifier (SID) for your instance, open a command window,
and setthe ORACLE_SID environment variable
为实例确定一个唯一的Oracle系统标识符（SID），打开一个命令窗口，并设置ORACLE_SID环境变量
Step 2：设置环境变量
]$ vi .bash_profile
#.bash_profile
#Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
#User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
Step 3：配置密码文件
密码文件的位置：$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
密码文件的名称：orapw<ORACLE_SID>
V$PWFILE_USERS
orapwd file=orapworcl password=oracle;
Step 4：编辑创建参数文件
When an Oracle instance starts, it reads initialization parameters from an initialization parameter file.
This file must at a minimum specify the DB_NAME parameter. All other parameters have default values.
当Oracle实例启动时，它从初始化参数文件中读取初始化参数。此文件至少必须指定DB\u NAME参数。所有其他参数都有默认值。
compatible ='11.2.0'
control_files = (/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl, /app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl)
db_name='orcl'
memory_target=800M
sga_target=500M
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
db_block_size=8192
open_cursors=300
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1
Step 5：若操作系统为windows则这一步就要执行
On the Windows platform, before you can connect to an instance,you must manually create it if it does not already exist.
The ORADIM command creates an Oracle instance by creating a new Windowsservice.
To create an instance:
Enter the following command at a Windows command prompt:
oradim -NEW -SID sid -STARTMODE MANUAL -PFILE pfile
where sid is the desired SID (for example mynewdb) and pfile is the full path to the text initialization parameter file.
This command creates the instance but does not start it.
在Windows平台上，在连接到实例之前，如果它不存在，则必须手动创建它。
ORADIM命令通过创建新窗口来创建Oracle实例服务。
要创建实例：
在Windows命令提示符下输入以下命令：
oradim -NEW -SID SID -STARTMODE MANUAL -PFILE pfile
其中sid是所需的sid（例如mynewdb），pfile是文本初始化参数文件。
此命令创建实例，但不启动它。
Step 6：连接实例
Step 7：创建spfile文件
The server parameter file enables you to change initialization parameters with the ALTER SYSTEM
command and persist the changes across a database shutdown and startup.
You create the server parameter file from your edited text initialization file.
The following SQL*Plus command reads the text initialization parameter file (PFILE)
with the default name from the default location, creates a server parameter file (SPFILE)
from the text initialization parameter file, and writes the SPFILE to the default location with the default SPFILE name.
CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE;
You can also supply the file name and path for both the PFILE and SPFILEif you are not using default names and locations.
服务器参数文件允许您使用关闭数据库并更改整个系统启动。
从编辑的文本初始化文件创建服务器参数文件。下面的SQL*Plus命令读取文本初始化参数文件（PFILE）
使用默认位置中的默认名称，创建一个服务器参数文件（SPFILE）
并将SPFILE写入默认位置使用默认的SPFILE名称。
CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE；
您还可以提供PFILE和SPFILE的文件名和路径如果不使用默认名称和位置。
Step 8：启动实例
Start an instance without mounting a database. Typically, you do this only during database creation or while performing maintenance on the database.
Use the STARTUP command with the NOMOUNT clause.
In this example, because the initialization parameter file or server parameter file is stored inthe default location,
you are not required to specify the PFILE clause:
STARTUP NOMOUNT
At this point, the instance memory is allocated and its processes are started. The database itself does not yet exist.
在不装载数据库的情况下启动实例。通常，只在数据库期间执行此操作创建或在对数据库执行维护时。
在NOMOUNT子句中使用STARTUP命令。
在本例中，因为初始化参数文件或服务器参数文件存储在默认位置，
您不需要指定PFILE子句：
STARTUP NOMOUNT
此时，将分配实例内存并启动其进程。数据库它本身还不存在。
Step 9：创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE orcl
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY Password1
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY Password1
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01a.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 ('/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02a.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 ('/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03a.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DATAFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
TEMPFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
DATAFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
Step 10：创建表空间
To make the database functional, you must create additional tablespaces for your application data. The
following sample script creates some additional tablespaces:
要使数据库正常工作，必须为应用程序数据创建额外的表空间。
这个以下示例脚本将创建一些附加表空间：
CREATE TABLESPACE apps_tbs LOGGING
DATAFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/apps01.dbf'
SIZE 100M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
-- create a tablespace for indexes, separate from user tablespace (optional)
CREATE TABLESPACE indx_tbs LOGGING
DATAFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/indx01.dbf'
SIZE 100M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
Step 11：运行数据字典脚本
Run the scripts necessary to build data dictionary views, synonyms, and PL/SQL packages,
and to support proper functioning of SQL*Plus:
运行构建数据字典视图、同义词和PL/SQL包所需的脚本，为了支持SQL*Plus的正常运行：
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql sys用户执行
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql sys用户执行
@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql system用户执行
EXIT
practice(练习)：
删除之前创建的数据库
方法一：
用dbca图形界面操作：
]$ dbca
方法二、命令行删除之前的创建的库
]$ rm -rf /app/oracle/oradata/orcl —数据库
]$ rm -rf /app/oracle/admin/orcl 审计文件
]$ rm -rf $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/* — 密码文件
1、指定SID（之前已设置）
2、设置变量（之前已设置）
3、配置密码文件
]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
]$ orapwd file=orapworcl password=Password1
]$ ll
total 4
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Dec 14 16:10 orapworcl
4、编辑创建参数文件
]$ pwd
/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
]$ vi initORCL.ora
compatible ='11.2.0'
control_files = (/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl, /app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl)
db_name='orcl'
memory_target=800M
sga_target=500M
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
db_block_size=8192
open_cursors=300
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
5、连接实例
]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
ORCL
]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Dec 14 16:15:14 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> startup
没有反应，查看oracle告警日志
]$ cd /app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/ORCL/trace/
]$ tail -f alert_ORCL.log
Retry Iteration No: 5 OS Error: 2
OS Audit file could not be created; failing after 5 retries
Could not open audit file: /app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump/orcl_ora_31046_1.aud
Retry Iteration No: 1 OS Error: 2
Retry Iteration No: 2 OS Error: 2
Retry Iteration No: 3 OS Error: 2
Retry Iteration No: 4 OS Error: 2
Retry Iteration No: 5 OS Error: 2
找不到目录，直接创建
]$ cd /app/oracle/admin/
]$ mkdir -p orcl/adump
]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Dec 14 16:54:21 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2217952 bytes
Variable Size 473958432 bytes
Database Buffers 352321536 bytes
Redo Buffers 6606848 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
此时实例已经起来了，但是还没创建控制文件,先把实例停了
SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount; //只启动实例，不参加控制文件启动
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2217952 bytes
Variable Size 473958432 bytes
Database Buffers 352321536 bytes
Redo Buffers 6606848 bytes
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE
------------------------------------ ----------------------
VALUE
------------------------------
spfile string
spfile文件还未创建
6、创建pfile文件
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created
创建后会在/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs目录下生成spfile文件
]$ ll
......
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 294 Dec 14 16:54 initORCL.ora ---pfile文件
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Dec 14 17:01 spfileORCL.ora ---spfile文件
如果spfile没有的话，实例启动的时候是读取pfile文件，反之亦然。
可观察告警日志
没有创建spfile第一次启动的时候
Starting up:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options.
Using parameter settings in server-side **pfile /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initORCL.ora**
System parameters with non-default values:
processes = 150
sga_target = 500M
memory_target = 800M
control_files = "/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl"
control_files = "/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl"
db_block_size = 8192
compatible = "11.2.0"
undo_tablespace = "UNDOTBS1"
audit_file_dest = "/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump"
db_name = "orcl"
open_cursors = 300
Mon Dec 14 16:56:44 2020
重新启动实例
SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2217952 bytes
Variable Size 473958432 bytes
Database Buffers 352321536 bytes
Redo Buffers 6606848 bytes
]$ cd /app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/ORCL/trace
]$ tail -f alert_ORCL.log
Starting up:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options.
Using parameter settings in server-side **spfile /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileORCL.ora**
System parameters with non-default values:
processes = 150
sga_target = 500M
memory_target = 800M
control_files = "/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl"
control_files = "/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl"
db_block_size = 8192
compatible = "11.2.0"
undo_tablespace = "UNDOTBS1"
audit_file_dest = "/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump"
db_name = "orcl"
open_cursors = 300
Mon Dec 14 17:11:00 2020
SQL> show parameter pfile;
NAME TYPE
------------------------------------ ----------------------
VALUE
------------------------------
spfile string
/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_
1/dbs/spfileORCL.ora
7、启动实例
SQL> startup nomount
8、创建数据库
SQL>CREATE DATABASE orcl
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY Password1
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY Password1
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01a.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 ('/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02a.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 ('/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03a.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DATAFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
TEMPFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
DATAFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01501: CREATE DATABASE failed
ORA-00200: control file could not be created
ORA-00202: control file: '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl'
ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
执行后会报错，因为之前删除了这个/app/oracle/oradata/orcl目录，使得找不到此目录
创建即可
]$ mkdir -p /app/oracle/oradata/orcl/
再次执行创建数据库语句
......
TEMPFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
DATAFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf'
21 SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
Database created.
创建成功
9、创建表空间
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE apps_tbs LOGGING
DATAFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/apps01.dbf'
SIZE 100M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
Tablespace created.
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE indx_tbs LOGGING
DATAFILE '/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/indx01.dbf'
SIZE 100M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
Tablespace created.
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> select * from dba_data_files;
select * from dba_data_files
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
此时查看用本身的信息报错，是因为还未执行数据字典脚本。
10、运行数据字典脚本
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql sys用户执行
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql sys用户执行
@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql system用户执行
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
......
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
TIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMP_TIMESTAMP CATALOG 2020-12-14 17:52:08
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> SELECT dbms_registry_sys.time_stamp('CATPROC') AS timestamp FROM DUAL;
TIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMP_TIMESTAMP CATPROC 2020-12-14 17:56:55
SQL> conn system/Password1
Connected.
SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
Synonym created.
SQL> create user fan identified by Password1;
User created.
SQL> grant dba to fan;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> conn fan/Password1
Connected.
@这里表示运行
？这里表示家目录 $ORACLE_HOME
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