创建环境

创建Django项目，创建usersapp，并在setting.py中注册

• 项目工作目录
  

配置连接MySQL数据库

• 修改/Djweb/Djweb/setting.py中DATABASE设置

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'Djweb',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'root',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': 3306
    }
}

并创建数据库

create database Djweb charset=utf8;

安装MySQL数据库依赖

>>pip install mysqlclient
Collecting mysqlclient
  Downloading mysqlclient-2.2.0-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl (199 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 199.9/199.9 kB 168.6 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: mysqlclient
Successfully installed mysqlclient-2.2.0

创建表单

/Djweb/news/models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
"""
新闻类型表:
    news_type表:
        id:主键
        name:类型名称
新闻信息表:
     news_info表：
        id:主键
        title:标题
        content:内容
        read:阅读数据
        comment:评论数量
数据表之间的关系:
    一对一:OneToOneField、一对一，将字段定义在任意一端中
    一对多:ForeignKey、一对多，将字段定义在多的一端中
    多对多:ManyToManyField、多对多，将字段定义在任意一端中。
"""


class NewsType(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name='新闻类型', help_text='名称')


class NewsInfo(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='标题', help_text='标题')
    content = models.TextField(max_length=100, verbose_name='内容', help_text='内容')
    read = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='阅读量', help_text='阅读量')
    comment = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='评论量', help_text='评论量')

    type = models.ManyToManyField('NewsType', verbose_name='新闻类型', help_text='新闻类型')

进行迁移

python manage.py makemigrations
Migrations for 'news':
  news\migrations\0001_initial.py
    - Create model NewsType
    - Create model NewsInfo

生成到数据库表单

python manage.py migrate

Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, news, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK
  Applying auth.0012_alter_user_first_name_max_length... OK
  Applying news.0001_initial... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

此时数据库显示

• 自定义显示数据库表名
  /Djweb/news/models.py

class NewsType(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name='新闻类型', help_text='名称')

    class Meta:
        # 指定生成的表名
        db_table = 'type'
        # 说明信息，再Django后台显示
        verbose_name = '类型'

class NewsInfo(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='标题', help_text='标题')
    content = models.TextField(max_length=100, verbose_name='内容', help_text='内容')
    read = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='阅读量', help_text='阅读量')
    comment = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='评论量', help_text='评论量')

    type = models.ManyToManyField('NewsType', verbose_name='新闻类型', help_text='新闻类型')
    class Meta:
        # 指定生成的表名
        db_table = 'news'
        # 说明信息，再Django后台显示
        verbose_name = '新闻'

重新生成迁移文件，并生成数据库表

注册模型

• /Djweb/news/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import NewsInfo,NewsType
# Register your models here.
class NewsTypeAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['id', 'name']

class NewsInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['id', 'title','content','read','comment']

admin.site.register(NewsInfo,NewsInfoAdmin)
admin.site.register(NewsType,NewsTypeAdmin)

• 在命令行注册admin管理员账号

python manage.py createsuperuser

访问网站admin后台

• 在类型页面与新闻页面构造测试数据
  
• 修改显示数据
  
  
  增加 str 方法

class NewsType(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name='新闻类型', help_text='名称')

    class Meta:
        # 指定生成的表名
        db_table = 'type'
        # 说明信息，再Django后台显示
        verbose_name = '类型'
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

Django模型类查询

模型类的条件查询

聚合函数