SpringBoot原理分析 | 任务：异步、邮件、定时

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任务

异步任务

Java异步指的是在程序执行过程中，某些任务可以在后台进行，而不会阻塞程序的执行。通常情况下，Java异步使用线程池来实现，将任务放入线程池中，等待线程池中的线程执行这些任务。Java异步可以提高程序的性能和并发能力，尤其是在处理IO密集型任务时，可以大大减少等待时间，提高程序的响应速度。常见的Java异步实现方式包括Future、CompletableFuture、RxJava等

service/AsyncService.java

package com.wei.service;

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * @ClassName AsyncService
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author wei_shuo
 * @Date 2023/5/9 18:30
 * @Version 1.0
 */

@Service
public class AsyncService {
    
    //告诉Spring这是异步方法
    @Async
    public void hello(){
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("数据正在处理……");
    }
}

controller/AsyncController.java

package com.wei.controller;

import com.wei.service.AsyncService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @ClassName AsyncController
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author wei_shuo
 * @Date 2023/5/9 18:33
 * @Version 1.0
 */

@RestController
public class AsyncController {

    @Autowired
    AsyncService asyncService;

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(){
        asyncService.hello();
        return "OK";
    }
}

SpringbootTestApplication启动类配置注解

package com.wei;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;

@SpringBootApplication
//开启异步注解功能
@EnableAsync
public class SpringbootTestApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootTestApplication.class, args);
    }
    
}

邮件任务

导入依赖

     <!--javax.mail-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
        </dependency>

application.properties

spring.mail.username=1096075493@qq.com
spring.mail.password=cjkglgqynqwabaed
spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com
#开启加密验证
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.ssl.enable=true

Test测试

package com.wei;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;

import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.io.File;

@SpringBootTest
class SpringbootTestApplicationTests {

    @Autowired(required=false)
    JavaMailSenderImpl javaMailSender;

    //简单邮件
    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        SimpleMailMessage mailMessage = new SimpleMailMessage();
        //主题
        mailMessage.setSubject("wei_shuo");
        //内容
        mailMessage.setText("Hello,World!");
        mailMessage.setFrom("1096075493@qq.com");
        mailMessage.setTo("1096075493@qq.com");
        javaMailSender.send(mailMessage);
    }

    //复杂邮件
    @Test
    void contextLoads2() throws MessagingException {

        MimeMessage mimeMessage = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
        //组装
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage,true);
        helper.setSubject("wei_shuo-plus");
        helper.setText("<p style='color:red'>Hello,World-Plus</p>",true);
        //附件
        helper.addAttachment("1.jpg",new File("C:\\Users\\ws199\\Desktop"));
        helper.setFrom("1096075493@qq.com");
        helper.setTo("1096075493@qq.com");
        javaMailSender.send(mimeMessage);
    }

    /**
     *
     * @param html
     * @param subject
     * @param text
     * @throws MessagingException
     */

    //封装方法
    public void sendMail(Boolean html,String subject,String text) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage mimeMessage = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
        //组装
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage,html);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(text,true);
        //附件
        helper.addAttachment("1.jpg",new File("C:\\Users\\ws199\\Desktop"));
        helper.setFrom("1096075493@qq.com");
        helper.setTo("1096075493@qq.com");
        javaMailSender.send(mimeMessage);
    }

}

定时任务

SpringbootTestApplication.java

package com.wei;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;

@SpringBootApplication
//开启异步注解功能
@EnableAsync
//开启定时功能的注解
@EnableScheduling
public class SpringbootTestApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootTestApplication.class, args);
    }

}

ScheduledService.java

package com.wei.service;

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * @ClassName ScheduledService
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author wei_shuo
 * @Date 2023/5/10 18:23
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Service
public class ScheduledService {
  
    //固定时间,执行代码
    @Scheduled(cron = "0/2 * * * * *")
    public void hello(){
        System.out.println("Hello,你被执行了……");
    }
}