单机下:
只适用于单机环境下(单个JVM),多个客户端访问同一个服务器
1.synchronized
package com.cloud.SR.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
public class TestConrtoller1 {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
@Resource
private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
@GetMapping("/buy1")
public String shopping(){
synchronized (this){
String result = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("goods:001");
int total = result == null? 0 :Integer.parseInt(s);
if(total > 0){
int realTotal = total - 1;
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("goods:001",String.valueOf(realCount ));
System.out.println("剩余商品为:"+realCount +",提供服务的端口号:"+serverPort);
return "剩余商品为:"+realTotal +",提供服务的端口号:"+serverPort;
}else{
System.out.println("购买商品失败!");
}
return "购买商品失败!";
}
}
}
2.ReentrantLock
@RestController
public class TestConrtoller2 {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
// 使用ReentrantLock锁解决单体应用的并发问题
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Autowired
StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
@RequestMapping("/buy2")
public String index() {
lock.lock();
try {
String result = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("goods:001");
int total = result == null ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(result);
if (total > 0) {
int realTotal = total - 1;
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("goods:001", String.valueOf(realTotal));
System.out.println("购买商品成功,库存还剩:" + realTotal + ",服务端口为:"+serverPort);
return "购买商品成功,库存还剩:" + realTotal + ",服务端口为:"+serverPort;
} else {
System.out.println("购买商品失败!");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
lock.unlock();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
return "购买商品失败!";
}
}
分布式下:
而在服务器分布式集群下,,单个服务器的synchronized和ReentrantLock
1.SETNX
SET key value [EX seconds] [PX milliseconds] [NX|XX]
EX
seconds – 设置键key的过期时间,单位时秒PX
milliseconds – 设置键key的过期时间,单位时毫秒NX
– 只有键key不存在的时候才会设置key的值XX
– 只有键key存在的时候才会设置key的值
例子:
1.set lock01 01 NX :意思就是说只要谁把key为lock01的值设置为01且key不存在的时候就能拿到锁
2. set lock01 01 NX EX 30 :在例1的基础上把锁设置的时间设置为30秒后过期。避免有服务挂了而没有释放锁的情况、或者业务处理完但一直拿着锁不释放导致死锁。
项目中使用SETNX:
template.opsForValue().setIfAbsent()
测试的话就得本机模拟集群,当然有虚拟机的也可以用两台虚拟机,但此处用两台JVM即可完成简易集群
本机实现集群的可以看这篇文章:http://t.csdn.cn/jvZFx
先让集群跑起来,然后启动Nginx,再通过Jmeter实现高并发的秒杀环节
用template.opsForValue().setIfAbsent()命令进行加锁。加上了过期时间后就解决了key无法删除的问题,但如果key设置的时间太短,当业务处理的时间长于key设置的时间,key过期后其他请求就可以设置这个key而当这个线程再回来处理这个程序的时候就会把人家设置的key给删除了,因此我们规定谁设置的锁只能由谁删除。
finally {
// 谁加的锁,谁才能删除
if(template.opsForValue().get(REDIS_LOCK).equals(value)){
template.delete(REDIS_LOCK);
}
而新的问题就是finally块
的判断和del
删除操作不是原子操作,并发的时候也会出问题。因此采用lua(原子性)来进行删除
finally {
// 谁加的锁,谁才能删除,使用Lua脚本,进行锁的删除
Jedis jedis = null;
try{
jedis = RedisUtils.getJedis();
String script = "if redis.call('get',KEYS[1]) == ARGV[1] " +
"then " +
"return redis.call('del',KEYS[1]) " +
"else " +
" return 0 " +
"end";
Object eval = jedis.eval(script, Collections.singletonList(REDIS_LOCK), Collections.singletonList(value));
if("1".equals(eval.toString())){
System.out.println("-----del redis lock ok....");
}else{
System.out.println("-----del redis lock error ....");
}
}catch (Exception e){
}finally {
if(null != jedis){
jedis.close();
}
}
总的代码:
@RestController
public class TestConrtoller3 {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
public static final String REDIS_LOCK = "good_lock";
@Autowired
StringRedisTemplate stringtemplate;
@RequestMapping("/buy3")
public String shopping(){
// 每个人进来先要进行加锁,key值为"good_lock",且用UUID保证每个人的锁不同
String value = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-","");
try{
// 为key加一个过期时间
Boolean flag = stringtemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(REDIS_LOCK, value,10L,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// 加锁失败
if(!flag){
return "抢锁失败!";
}
System.out.println( value+ " 抢锁成功");
String result = stringtemplate.opsForValue().get("goods:001");
int total = result == null ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(result);
if (total > 0) {
// 如果在此处需要调用其他微服务,处理时间较长。。。
int realTotal = total - 1;
stringtemplate.opsForValue().set("goods:001", String.valueOf(realTotal));
System.out.println("购买商品成功,库存还剩:" + realTotal + ",服务端口为"+serverPort);
return "购买商品成功,库存还剩:" + realTotal + "服务端口为"+serverPort;
} else {
System.out.println("购买商品失败");
}
return "购买商品失败!";
}finally {
// 谁加的锁,谁才能删除,使用Lua脚本,进行锁的删除
Jedis jedis = null;
try{
jedis = RedisUtils.getJedis();
String script = "if redis.call('get',KEYS[1]) == ARGV[1] " +
"then " +
"return redis.call('del',KEYS[1]) " +
"else " +
" return 0 " +
"end";
Object eval = jedis.eval(script, Collections.singletonList(REDIS_LOCK), Collections.singletonList(value));
if("1".equals(eval.toString())){
System.out.println("-----del redis lock ok....");
}else{
System.out.println("-----del redis lock error ....");
}
}catch (Exception e){
}finally {
if(null != jedis){
jedis.close();
}
}
}
}
}
2.Redisson(推荐)
考虑缓存续命,以及Redis
集群部署下,异步复制造成的锁丢失:主节点没来得及把刚刚set
进来这条数据给从节点,就挂了。所以直接上RedLock
的Redisson
落地实现
@RestController
public class TestConrtoller4 {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
public static final String REDIS_LOCK = "good_lock";
@Autowired
StringRedisTemplate stringtemplate;
@Autowired
Redisson redisson;
@RequestMapping("/buy4")
public String shopping(){
RLock lock = redisson.getLock(REDIS_LOCK);
lock.lock();
// 每个人进来先要进行加锁,key值为"good_lock"
String value = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-","");
try{
String result = stringtemplate.opsForValue().get("goods:001");
int total = result == null ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(result);
if (total > 0) {
// 如果在此处需要调用其他微服务,处理时间较长
int realTotal = total - 1;
stringtemplate.opsForValue().set("goods:001", String.valueOf(realTotal));
System.out.println("购买商品成功,库存还剩:" + realTotal + "件, 服务端口为"+serverPort);
return "购买商品成功,库存还剩:" + realTotal + "件, 服务端口为"+serverPort;
} else {
System.out.println("购买商品失败");
}
return "购买商品失败";
}finally {
if(lock.isLocked() && lock.isHeldByCurrentThread()){
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
Redis工具类
import com.myfutech.common.util.constant.RedisPrefix;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisStringCommands;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.ReturnType;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisCallback;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.types.Expiration;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.UUID;
/**
* 基于redis分布式锁
*/
@Slf4j
public class RedisLockUtils {
/**
* 默认轮休获取锁间隔时间, 单位:毫秒
*/
private static final int DEFAULT_ACQUIRE_RESOLUTION_MILLIS = 100;
private static final String UNLOCK_LUA;
static {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("if redis.call(\"get\",KEYS[1]) == ARGV[1] ");
sb.append("then ");
sb.append(" return redis.call(\"del\",KEYS[1]) ");
sb.append("else ");
sb.append(" return 0 ");
sb.append("end ");
UNLOCK_LUA = sb.toString();
}
/**
* 获取锁,没有获取到则一直等待,异常情况则返回null
*
* @param redisTemplate redis连接
* @param key redis key
* @param expire 锁过期时间, 单位 秒
* @return 当前锁唯一id,如果没有获取到,返回 null
*/
public static String lock(RedisTemplate redisTemplate, final String key, long expire){
return lock(redisTemplate, key, expire, -1);
}
/**
* 获取锁,acquireTimeout时间内没有获取到,则返回null,异常情况返回null
*
* @param redisTemplate redis连接
* @param key redis key
* @param expire 锁过期时间, 单位 秒
* @param acquireTimeout 获取锁超时时间, -1代表永不超时, 单位 秒
* @return 当前锁唯一id,如果没有获取到,返回 null
*/
public static String lock(RedisTemplate redisTemplate, final String key, long expire, long acquireTimeout){
try {
return acquireLock(redisTemplate, key, expire, acquireTimeout);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("acquire lock exception", e);
}
return null;
}
/**
* 获取锁,没有获取到则一直等待,没有获取到则抛出异常
*
* @param redisTemplate redis连接
* @param key redis key
* @param expire 锁过期时间, 单位 秒
* @return 当前锁唯一id,如果没有获取到,返回 null
*/
public static String lockFailThrowException(RedisTemplate redisTemplate, final String key, long expire){
return lockFailThrowException(redisTemplate, key, expire, -1);
}
/**
* 获取锁,到达超时时间时没有获取到,则抛出异常
*
* @param redisTemplate redis连接
* @param key redis key
* @param expire 锁过期时间, 单位 秒
* @param acquireTimeout 获取锁超时时间, -1代表永不超时, 单位 秒
* @return 当前锁唯一id,如果没有获取到,返回 null
*/
public static String lockFailThrowException(RedisTemplate redisTemplate, final String key, long expire, long acquireTimeout){
try {
String lockId = acquireLock(redisTemplate, key, expire, acquireTimeout);
if (lockId != null) {
return lockId;
}
throw new RuntimeException("acquire lock fail");
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("acquire lock exception", e);
}
}
private static String acquireLock(RedisTemplate redisTemplate, String key, long expire, long acquireTimeout) throws InterruptedException {
long acquireTime = -1;
if (acquireTimeout != -1) {
acquireTime = acquireTimeout * 1000 + System.currentTimeMillis();
}
synchronized (key) {
String lockId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
while (true) {
if (acquireTime != -1 && acquireTime < System.currentTimeMillis()) {
break;
}
//调用tryLock
boolean hasLock = tryLock(redisTemplate, key, expire, lockId);
//获取锁成功
if (hasLock) {
return lockId;
}
Thread.sleep(DEFAULT_ACQUIRE_RESOLUTION_MILLIS);
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 释放锁
*
* @param redisTemplate redis连接
* @param key redis key
* @param lockId 当前锁唯一id
*/
public static void unlock(RedisTemplate redisTemplate, String key, String lockId) {
try {
RedisCallback<Boolean> callback = (connection) ->
connection.eval(UNLOCK_LUA.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8),ReturnType.BOOLEAN, 1,
(RedisPrefix.LOCK_REDIS_PREFIX + key).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), lockId.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
redisTemplate.execute(callback);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("release lock exception", e);
}
}
/**
* 获取当前锁的id
*
* @param key redis key
* @return 当前锁唯一id
*/
public static String get(RedisTemplate redisTemplate, String key) {
try {
RedisCallback<String> callback = (connection) -> {
byte[] bytes = connection.get((RedisPrefix.LOCK_REDIS_PREFIX + key).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
if (bytes != null){
return new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
return null;
};
return (String)redisTemplate.execute(callback);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("get lock id exception", e);
}
return null;
}
private static boolean tryLock(RedisTemplate redisTemplate, String key, long expire, String lockId) {
RedisCallback<Boolean> callback = (connection) ->
connection.set((RedisPrefix.LOCK_REDIS_PREFIX + key).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8),
lockId.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), Expiration.seconds(expire), RedisStringCommands.SetOption.SET_IF_ABSENT);
return (Boolean)redisTemplate.execute(callback);
}
}