Nginx("engine x")是一款是由俄罗斯的程序设计师Igor Sysoev所开发高性能的 Web和 反向代理 服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。在高连接并发的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。
Nginx 安装
系统平台：CentOS release 6.6 (Final) 64位。
一、安装编译工具及库文件
yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel
二、首先要安装 PCRE
PCRE 作用是让 Nginx 支持 Rewrite 功能。
1、下载 PCRE 安装包，下载地址： downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcr…
[root@bogon src]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@bogon src]# wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gz
2、解压安装包:
[root@bogon src]# tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz
3、进入安装包目录
[root@bogon src]# cd pcre-8.35
4、编译安装
[root@bogon pcre-8.35]# ./configure
[root@bogon pcre-8.35]# make && make install
5、查看pcre版本
[root@bogon pcre-8.35]# pcre-config --version
安装 Nginx
1、下载 Nginx，下载地址：nginx.org/en/download…
[root@bogon src]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@bogon src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
2、解压安装包
[root@bogon src]# tar zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
3、进入安装包目录
[root@bogon src]# cd nginx-1.6.2
4、编译安装
[root@bogon nginx-1.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.35
[root@bogon nginx-1.6.2]# make
[root@bogon nginx-1.6.2]# make install
5、查看nginx版本
[root@bogon nginx-1.6.2]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
到此，nginx安装完成。
Nginx 配置
创建 Nginx 运行使用的用户 www：
[root@bogon conf]# /usr/sbin/groupadd www
[root@bogon conf]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
配置nginx.conf，将/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf替换为以下内容。
[root@bogon conf]# cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user www www;
worker_processes 2; #设置值和CPU核心数一致
error_log /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; #日志位置和日志级别
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
#charset gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
#下面是server虚拟主机的配置
server
{
listen 80;#监听端口
server_name localhost;#域名
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html;#站点目录
location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ico)$
{
expires 30d;
# access_log off;
}
location ~ .*.(js|css)?$
{
expires 15d;
# access_log off;
}
access_log off;
}
}
检查配置文件nginx.conf的正确性命令：
[root@bogon conf]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
启动 Nginx
Nginx 启动命令如下：
[root@bogon conf]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
访问站点
从浏览器访问我们配置的站点ip：
Nginx 其他命令
以下包含了 Nginx 常用的几个命令：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload # 重新载入配置文件
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen # 重启 Nginx
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop # 停止 Nginx
关于 uri 的截取
location 中的 root 和 alias
- root 指令只是将搜索的根设置为 root 设定的目录，即不会截断 uri，而是使用原始 uri 跳转该目录下查找文件
- aias 指令则会截断匹配的 uri，然后使用 alias 设定的路径加上剩余的 uri 作为子路径进行查找
示例 1：root
#------------目录结构----------
/www/x1/index.html
/www/x2/index.html
#--------配置-----------------------
index index.html index.php;
location /x/ {
root "/www/";
}
#-------访问--------------
curl http://localhost/x1/index.html
curl http://localhost/x2/index.html
示例 2：alias
#----------配置-----------------
location /y/z/ {
alias /www/x1/;
}
#---------访问--------------
curl http://localhost/y/z/index.html
location 中的 proxy_pass 的 uri
如果 proxy_pass 的 url 不带 uri
如果尾部是"/"，则会截断匹配的uri
如果尾部不是"/"，则不会截断匹配的uri
如果proxy_pass的url带uri，则会截断匹配的uri
示例：
#-------servers配置--------------------
location / {
echo $uri #回显请求的uri
}
#--------proxy_pass配置---------------------
location /t1/ { proxy_pass http://servers; } #正常，不截断
location /t2/ { proxy_pass http://servers/; } #正常，截断
location /t3 { proxy_pass http://servers; } #正常，不截断
location /t4 { proxy_pass http://servers/; } #正常，截断
location /t5/ { proxy_pass http://servers/test/; } #正常，截断
location /t6/ { proxy_pass http://servers/test; } #缺"/"，截断
location /t7 { proxy_pass http://servers/test/; } #含"//"，截断
location /t8 { proxy_pass http://servers/test; } #正常，截断
#---------访问----------------------
for i in $(seq 6)
do
url=http://localhost/t$i/doc/index.html
echo "-----------$url-----------"
curl url
done
#--------结果---------------------------
----------http://localhost:8080/t1/doc/index.html------------
/t1/doc/index.html
----------http://localhost:8080/t2/doc/index.html------------
/doc/index.html
----------http://localhost:8080/t3/doc/index.html------------
/t3/doc/index.html
----------http://localhost:8080/t4/doc/index.html------------
/doc/index.html
----------http://localhost:8080/t5/doc/index.html------------
/test/doc/index.html
----------http://localhost:8080/t6/doc/index.html------------
/testdoc/index.html
----------http://localhost:8080/t7/doc/index.html------------
/test//doc/index.html
----------http://localhost:8080/t8/doc/index.html------------
/test/doc/index.html
默认的 nginx 配置文件 nginx.conf 内容如下：
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ .php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ .php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
