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多进程多线程并发服务器

• 多进程并发服务器
• 多线程并发服务器

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专栏：《网络编程》

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多进程并发服务器

使用多进程并发服务器时要考虑以下几点：

• 父进程最大文件描述个数(父进程中需要close关闭accept返回的新文件描述符)；
• 系统内创建进程个数(与内存大小相关)；
• 进程创建过多是否降低整体服务性能(进程调度)；

server

/* server.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "wrap.h"

#define MAXLINE 80
#define SERV_PORT 800

void do_sigchild(int num)
{
	while (waitpid(0, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0)
		;
}
int main(void)
{
	struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
	socklen_t cliaddr_len;
	int listenfd, connfd;
	char buf[MAXLINE];
	char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
	int i, n;
	pid_t pid;

	struct sigaction newact;
	newact.sa_handler = do_sigchild;
	sigemptyset(&newact.sa_mask);
	newact.sa_flags = 0;
	sigaction(SIGCHLD, &newact, NULL);

	listenfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

	bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
	servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);

	Bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));

	Listen(listenfd, 20);

	printf("Accepting connections ...\n");
	while (1) {
		cliaddr_len = sizeof(cliaddr);
		connfd = Accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &cliaddr_len);

		pid = fork();
		if (pid == 0) {
			Close(listenfd);
			while (1) {
				n = Read(connfd, buf, MAXLINE);
				if (n == 0) {
					printf("the other side has been closed.\n");
					break;
				}
				printf("received from %s at PORT %d\n",
						inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cliaddr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)),
						ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port));
				for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
					buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
				Write(connfd, buf, n);
			}
			Close(connfd);
			return 0;
		} else if (pid > 0) {
			Close(connfd);
		} else
			perr_exit("fork");
	}
	Close(listenfd);
	return 0;
}

client

/* client.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include "wrap.h"

#define MAXLINE 80
#define SERV_PORT 6666

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
	char buf[MAXLINE];
	int sockfd, n;

	sockfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

	bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
	servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &servaddr.sin_addr);
	servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);

	Connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));

	while (fgets(buf, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL) {
		Write(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf));
		n = Read(sockfd, buf, MAXLINE);
		if (n == 0) {
			printf("the other side has been closed.\n");
			break;
		} else
			Write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n);
	}
	Close(sockfd);
	return 0;
}

多线程并发服务器

在使用线程模型开发服务器时需考虑以下问题：

• 调整进程内最大文件描述符上限；
• 线程如有共享数据，考虑线程同步；
• 服务于客户端线程退出时，退出处理（退出值，分离态）；
• 系统负载，随着链接客户端增加，导致其它线程不能及时得到CPU；

server

/* server.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#include "wrap.h"
#define MAXLINE 80
#define SERV_PORT 6666

struct s_info {
	struct sockaddr_in cliaddr;
	int connfd;
};
void *do_work(void *arg)
{
	int n,i;
	struct s_info *ts = (struct s_info*)arg;
	char buf[MAXLINE];
	char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
	/* 可以在创建线程前设置线程创建属性,设为分离态,哪种效率高内？ */
	pthread_detach(pthread_self());
	while (1) {
		n = Read(ts->connfd, buf, MAXLINE);
		if (n == 0) {
			printf("the other side has been closed.\n");
			break;
		}
		printf("received from %s at PORT %d\n",
				inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(*ts).cliaddr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)),
				ntohs((*ts).cliaddr.sin_port));
		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
			buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
		Write(ts->connfd, buf, n);
	}
	Close(ts->connfd);
}

int main(void)
{
	struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
	socklen_t cliaddr_len;
	int listenfd, connfd;
	int i = 0;
	pthread_t tid;
	struct s_info ts[256];

	listenfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

	bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
	servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);

	Bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
	Listen(listenfd, 20);

	printf("Accepting connections ...\n");
	while (1) {
		cliaddr_len = sizeof(cliaddr);
		connfd = Accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &cliaddr_len);
		ts[i].cliaddr = cliaddr;
		ts[i].connfd = connfd;
		/* 达到线程最大数时，pthread_create出错处理, 增加服务器稳定性 */
		pthread_create(&tid, NULL, do_work, (void*)&ts[i]);
		i++;
	}
	return 0;
}

client

/* client.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include "wrap.h"
#define MAXLINE 80
#define SERV_PORT 6666
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
	char buf[MAXLINE];
	int sockfd, n;

	sockfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

	bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
	servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &servaddr.sin_addr);
	servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);

	Connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));

	while (fgets(buf, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL) {
		Write(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf));
		n = Read(sockfd, buf, MAXLINE);
		if (n == 0)
			printf("the other side has been closed.\n");
		else
			Write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n);
	}
	Close(sockfd);
	return 0;
}

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