环境说明

master：192.168.100.100

node: 192.168.100.101

kubeadm 1.31.2 （自编译二进制文件，证书有效期100年）

银河麒麟v10 sp2  x86架构

内核版本：5.4.x  编译安装 cgroup v2启用

docker版本：27.x  二进制安装，cgroup v2支持

部署准备

# 关闭防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld --now

# 关闭selinux
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

#关闭swap
swapoff -a 
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab （永久关闭）

# 主机名与IP对应关系
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.100.100 k8s-master
192.168.100.101 k8s-node

# 添加内核优化参数
cat << EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
user.max_user_namespaces=28633
EOF

# 使其生效
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf

# 配置ipvs转发
yum install -y ipset ipvsadm
cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF

chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4

# 配置时间同步

dnf install chronyd -y

cat > /etc/chrony.conf <<EOF
server ntp.aliyun.com iburst
stratumweight 0
driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift
rtcsync
makestep 10 3
bindcmdaddress 127.0.0.1
bindcmdaddress ::1
keyfile /etc/chrony.keys
commandkey 1
generatecommandkey
logchange 0.5
logdir /var/log/chrony
EOF

systemctl enable chronyd --now

二进制安装docker+cri-docker+cni插件

银河麒麟v10 二进制安装cri-docker+cni插件—— 筑梦之路-CSDN博客

安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl

将编译的二进制文件拷贝到/usr/bin/目录下，并授可执行权限

# 安装常用工具和依赖包
yum -y install  wget psmisc vim net-tools nfs-utils telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git tar curl ipvsadm

yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y

yum install socat libnetfilter_queue libnetfilter_cttimeout conntrack-tools libnetfilter_cthelper

# 生成service文件
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=kubelet: The Kubernetes Node Agent
Documentation=https://kubernetes.io/docs/home/
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet
Restart=always
StartLimitInterval=0
RestartSec=10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl enable kubelet

# 拉取所需镜像

kubeadm config images pull --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

# 初始化

kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.31.2 \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.100.100 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
--token-ttl=0 \
--cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

接下来在worker节点上执行相关的操作，worker节点与master节点的操作步骤的唯一区别是：master节点执行kubeadm init操作，woker节点执行kubeadm join操作，因此上面的步骤除了kubeadm init步骤之外，其他所有的步骤woker节点同样也需要执行。

执行kubeadm init 成功之后输出的 最后一行kubeadm join 命令

kubeadm config images pull --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

kubeadm join 192.168.100.100:6443 --token o4zf8w.xxxx --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:376e215a51620ac6ccc --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

# 部署flannel插件

cat > flannel.yaml << EOF
#---
#kind: Namespace
#apiVersion: v1
#metadata:
#  name: kube-flannel
#  labels:
#    k8s-app: flannel
#    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/status
  verbs:
  - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    k8s-app: flannel
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "EnableNFTables": false,
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
    k8s-app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/os
                operator: In
                values:
                - linux
      hostNetwork: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni-plugin
        image: docker.io/flannel/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.6.0-flannel1
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /flannel
        - /opt/cni/bin/flannel
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni-plugin
          mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: install-cni
        image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.26.1
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.26.1
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
          value: "5000"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
        - name: xtables-lock
          mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
      volumes:
      - name: run
        hostPath:
          path: /run/flannel
      - name: cni-plugin
        hostPath:
          path: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: cni
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/cni/net.d
      - name: flannel-cfg
        configMap:
          name: kube-flannel-cfg
      - name: xtables-lock
        hostPath:
          path: /run/xtables.lock
          type: FileOrCreate
EOF

kubectl apply -f flannel.yaml

检查证书有效期

kubeadm certs check-expiration

[check-expiration] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[check-expiration] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'

CERTIFICATE                EXPIRES                  RESIDUAL TIME   CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY   EXTERNALLY MANAGED
admin.conf                 Oct 27, 2124 10:08 UTC   99y             ca                      no      
apiserver                  Oct 27, 2124 10:08 UTC   99y             ca                      no      
apiserver-etcd-client      Oct 27, 2124 10:08 UTC   99y             etcd-ca                 no      
apiserver-kubelet-client   Oct 27, 2124 10:08 UTC   99y             ca                      no      
controller-manager.conf    Oct 27, 2124 10:08 UTC   99y             ca                      no      
etcd-healthcheck-client    Oct 27, 2124 10:08 UTC   99y             etcd-ca                 no      
etcd-peer                  Oct 27, 2124 10:08 UTC   99y             etcd-ca                 no      
etcd-server                Oct 27, 2124 10:08 UTC   99y             etcd-ca                 no      
front-proxy-client         Oct 27, 2124 10:08 UTC   99y             front-proxy-ca          no      
scheduler.conf             Oct 27, 2124 10:08 UTC   99y             ca                      no      
super-admin.conf           Oct 27, 2124 10:08 UTC   99y             ca                      no      

CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY   EXPIRES                  RESIDUAL TIME   EXTERNALLY MANAGED
ca                      Oct 27, 2124 10:08 UTC   99y             no      
etcd-ca                 Oct 27, 2124 10:08 UTC   99y             no      
front-proxy-ca          Oct 27, 2124 10:08 UTC   99y             no 

至此使用自编译的kubeadm，证书有效期100年搭建k8s集群完成，仅供参考。

此种方式搭建k8s集群，仍然使用docker作为runtime运行时，和直接使用containerd作为runtime性能上稍差，相对来说docker生态更加完善，使用习惯不变。