7.1 Quality

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines quality as “the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements”

7.2. Software Quality

7.2.1. ISO/IEC 25010 Software Qualities

Divide software quality into 2 dimensions:

• Product quality
• Quality in use
  
  

7.2.2. Internal versus External qualities

7.2.3. Software Metrics

The external software quality needs to be mapped into internal factors which can be understood and measured.

7.3. Quality Specification

7.4. Project Quality Management

Quality Assurance vs Quality Control:

• QA: Part of Quality Management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled
• QC: Part of Quality Management focused on fulfilling quality requirements
  

7.4.1. Quality Planning

7.4.2. Quality Assurance

The goal of quality assurance is continuous process quality improvement.

7.4.2.1. Quality Assurance Assessment

7.4.2.2. Benchmarking Metrics

7.4.2.3. PDCA Cycle

7.4.3. Quality Control

Quality control checks the project outputs to determine whether they meet the quality standards or definitions based on the project stakeholder’s expectations.

The main outputs of quality control are:

• Acceptance decisions
• Rework
• Process adjustments

7.4.3.1. Cause and Effect Diagram

7.4.3.2. Pareto Analysis

Also called the 80-20 rule, meaning that 80 percent of problems are often due to 20 percent of the causes.

7.4.3.3. Quality Control Charts

Quality control charts allow you to determine whether a process is in control or out of control.

7.4.3.4. Statistical Sampling

7.4.3.5. Six Sigma

Six Sigma projects normally follow a fivephase improvement process called DMAIC.

The term sigma means standard deviation. Six Sigma uses a scoring system that accounts for time, an important factor in determining process variation.

7.5. Testing

7.6 Cost of Quality

7.7. Capability Maturity Models (CMM)