Blackbox Exporter简介

blackbox_exporter 是 Prometheus 拿来对 http/https、tcp、icmp、dns、进行的黑盒监控工具，也就是从服务、主机等外部进行探测，来查看服务、主机等是否可用。

Blackbox Exporter 默认端口是 9115，

安装1

wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.25.0/blackbox_exporter-0.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxf blackbox_exporter-0.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv xxxx /usr/local/bin/blackbox_exporter

#只监控网站官网默认配置不需要更改
# ll
total 21124
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1002    11357 Apr  9 21:00 LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1002       94 Apr  9 21:00 NOTICE
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1002      956 Apr  9 21:00 blackbox.yml
-rwxr-xr-x 1 1001 1002 21606608 Apr  9 20:59 blackbox_exporter

配置快速启动文件

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=blackbox_exporter
After=network.target

[Service]
User=root
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter --config.file=/usr/local/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart blackbox_exporter
systemctl enable blackbox_exporter
systemctl status blackbox_exporter

dockr快速启动

docker run -d  -p 9115:9115 -v /blackbox/blackbox.yml:/config/blackbox.yml --name blackbox quay.io/prometheus/blackbox-exporter:latest

k8s 启动

cat >  blackbox.yml  <<EOF
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: blackbox-exporter
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: blackbox-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: blackbox-exporter
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: blackbox-exporter
        image: quay.io/prometheus/blackbox-exporter:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9115
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /config
          readOnly: true
        command:
        - "blackbox_exporter"
        args:
        - "--config.file=/config/blackbox.yml"
      volumes:
      - name: config-volume
        configMap:
          name: blackbox-exporter-config
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: blackbox-exporter-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: blackbox-exporter
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 9115
    targetPort: 9115
  type: ClusterIP
EOF

conf

cat >config-blackbox.yml<<EOF
apiVersion: v1
data:
  blackbox.yml: |-
    modules:
      http_2xx:
        prober: http
        http:
          preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"
      http_post_2xx:
        prober: http
        http:
          method: POST
      tcp_connect:
        prober: tcp
      pop3s_banner:
        prober: tcp
        tcp:
          query_response:
          - expect: "^+OK"
          tls: true
          tls_config:
            insecure_skip_verify: false
      grpc:
        prober: grpc
        grpc:
          tls: true
          preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"
      grpc_plain:
        prober: grpc
        grpc:
          tls: false
          service: "service1"
      ssh_banner:
        prober: tcp
        tcp:
          query_response:
          - expect: "^SSH-2.0-"
          - send: "SSH-2.0-blackbox-ssh-check"
      irc_banner:
        prober: tcp
        tcp:
          query_response:
          - send: "NICK prober"
          - send: "USER prober prober prober :prober"
          - expect: "PING :([^ ]+)"
            send: "PONG ${1}"
          - expect: "^:[^ ]+ 001"
      icmp:
        prober: icmp
      icmp_ttl5:
        prober: icmp
        timeout: 5s
        icmp:
          ttl: 5
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: blackbox-exporter-config
EOF

http监控

HTTP就是通过GET或者POST的方式来检测应用是否正常。 这种场景多用于监控网页是否正常，如：公司官网是否不能正常打开，或者打开过慢这样的情况

cd /usr/local/prometheus
mkdir sd_file/blackbox
cat sd_file/blackbox/probe_http.yml
- targets:
  - http://192.168.92.101:8081/    # Target to probe with http.
  - https://www.bilibili.com/   # Target to probe with https.
  - http://example.com:8080

  labels:
    web: probe_http


vim prometheus.yml
# 这个是 http 探测的结果
  - job_name: 'probe_http'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]  # Look for a HTTP 200 response.
    file_sd_configs:
    - refresh_interval: 10s
      files:
      - "/usr/local/prometheus/sd_file/blackbox/*.yml"       
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox.monitoring.IP:9115  # The blackbox exporter's real hostname:port.
        
# 这个配置是 blackbox_exporter/metrics 的数据
 # collect blackbox exporter's operational metrics.                   
  - job_name: 'blackbox_exporter'  # collect blackbox exporter's operational metrics.
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['blackbox.monitoring.IP:9115']
### 以上自定义配置


# ============================== 以下是我的自己的配置，可根据需要进行修改
- job_name: "blackbox_http"
  metrics_path: /probe
  params:
    module: [http_2xx]
  static_configs:
    - targets:
      - https://prod1-im-m.xx000.info
      - https://prod1-im-manage-web.xx000.info
      - https://prod1-im-www.xx00.info
  relabel_configs:
    - source_labels: [__address__]
      target_label: __param_target
    - source_labels: [__param_target]
      target_label: instance
    - target_label: __address__
      replacement: 192.168.0.20:9115

TCP监控-探测端口

#TCP监控主要是通过类似于Telnet的方式进行检测
vim prometheus.yml

- job_name: "check-middleware-tcp"
  metrics_path: /probe
  params:
    module: [tcp_connect]  # Look for a HTTP 200 response.
  static_configs:
    - targets:
      - xx.xx.xx.xx:80
      - xx.xx.xx.xx:3306
      labels:
        group: middleware-tcp
  relabel_configs:
    - source_labels: [__address__]
      target_label: __param_target
    - source_labels: [__param_target]
      target_label: instance
    - target_label: __address__
      replacement: blackbox.monitoring:9115

最后 grafana ID推荐 18538 19342

https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/19342-blackbox-exporter/