1.目录文件的操作:
1. mkdir
int mkdir(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);
功能:
创建目录
参数:
pathname:目录文件的路径
mode:目录文件的权限
返回值:
成功返回0
失败返回-1
注意:
1.r 决定是否目录下可以查看其余文件信息
2.w 决定目录下的文件是否能够新建
3.x 决定目录文件是否能够进入
2.rmdir
int rmdir(const char *pathname);
功能:
删除空目录文件
参数:
pathname:
目录文件的路径
返回值:
成功返回0
失败返回-1
3.getcwd
char *getcwd(char *buf, size_t size);
功能:
获得当前工作目录的绝对路径
参数:
buf:存放路径空间首地址
size:最大存放字符的长度
返回值:
成功返回存放路径字符串空间首地址
失败返回NULL
4.chdir
int chdir(const char *path);
功能:
切换程序当前的工作路径
参数:
path:目的路径
返回值:
成功返回0
失败返回-1
#include "../head.h"
int main(void)
{
char tmpbuff[4096] = {0};
getcwd(tmpbuff, sizeof(tmpbuff));
printf("当前路径:%s\n", tmpbuff);
chdir("/home/linux/Desktop");
getcwd(tmpbuff, sizeof(tmpbuff));
printf("当前路径:%s\n", tmpbuff);
mkdir("dirname", 0777);
rmdir("dirname");
return 0;
}
5.chmod
chmod 0777 filename
chmod 0664 filename
chmod +/-r/w/x filename
int chmod(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);
功能:
修改文件权限
参数:
pathname:文件路径
mode:权限值 0777 0664
返回值:
成功返回0
失败返回-1
3.目录文件的读取:
1.操作方法: 打开目录
读取目录项
关闭目录
2.函数接口:
1.opendir
DIR *opendir(const char *name);
功能:
打开目录
参数:
name:目录文件路径
返回值:
成功返回目录流指针
失败返回NULL
2.closedir
int closedir(DIR *dirp);
功能:
关闭目录流指针
参数:
dirp:目录流指针
返回值:
成功返回0
失败返回-1
int main(void)
{
DIR *dp = NULL;
struct dirent *pp = NULL;
mkdir("dirname", 0777);
fclose(fopen("dirname/a.txt", "w"));
fclose(fopen("dirname/b.txt", "w"));
fclose(fopen("dirname/c.txt", "w"));
fclose(fopen("dirname/d.txt", "w"));
fclose(fopen("dirname/e.txt", "w"));
dp = opendir("dirname");
if (NULL == dp)
{
perror("fail to opendir");
return -1;
}
while (1)
{
pp = readdir(dp);
if (NULL == pp)
{
break;
}
printf("=======================\n");
printf("inode: %ld\n", pp->d_ino);
printf("offset: %ld\n", pp->d_off);
printf("reclen: %d\n", pp->d_reclen);
printf("name: %s\n", pp->d_name);
printf("=======================\n");
}
closedir(dp);
return 0;
}
3.readdir
struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dirp);
功能:
读取目录项
参数:
dirp:目录流指针
返回值:
成功返回目录项指针
失败返回NULL
读到末尾返回NULL
struct dirent {
ino_t d_ino; /* Inode number */
off_t d_off; /* Not an offset; see below */
unsigned short d_reclen; /* Length of this record */
unsigned char d_type; /* Type of file; not supported
by all filesystem types */
char d_name[256]; /* Null-terminated filename */
};
路径: ../file.txt
文件名:file.txt
#include "../head.h"
int ListDir(char *pdirname)
{
DIR *dp = NULL;
struct dirent *pp = NULL;
dp = opendir(pdirname);
if(NULL == dp)
{
return -1;
}
while (1)
{
pp = readdir(dp);
if (NULL == pp)
{
break;
}
if ('.' == *pp->d_name)
{
continue;
}
printf("pp->d_name = %s/%s\n", pdirname, pp->d_name);
}
closedir(dp);
return 0;
}
int main(void)
{
char dirname[256] = {0};
printf("请输入目录路径:\n");
scanf("%s", dirname);
ListDir(dirname);
return 0;
}
4.链接文件:
1.软链接(符号链接)
ln -s 要链接向的文件名 软链接文件名
ln -s b.txt a.txt
a.txt -> b.txt
通过文件名进行链接
普通文件:
文件名 -> inode -> 数据块
软链接:
软连接文件名 -> inode -> 数据块 -> 链接向的文件名 -> inode -> 数据块
#include "../head.h"
int ListDir(char *pdirname)
{
char filepath[1024] = {0};
DIR *dp = NULL;
struct dirent *pp = NULL;
dp = opendir(pdirname);
if (NULL == dp)
{
return -1;
}
while (1)
{
pp = readdir(dp);
if (NULL == pp)
{
break;
}
if ('.' == *pp->d_name)
{
continue;
}
sprintf(filepath, "%s/%s", pdirname, pp->d_name);
printf("%s\n", filepath);
if (DT_DIR == pp->d_type)
{
ListDir(filepath);
}
}
closedir(dp);
return 0;
}
int main(void)
{
char dirname[256] = {0};
struct timeval start;
struct timeval end;
long ts;
printf("请输入目录路径:\n");
scanf("%s", dirname);
gettimeofday(&start, NULL);
ListDir(dirname);
gettimeofday(&end, NULL);
ts = (end.tv_sec * 1000000 + end.tv_usec) - (start.tv_sec * 1000000 + start.tv_usec);
printf("耗时 %ld.%ld s\n", ts / 1000000, ts % 1000000);
return 0;
}
int symlink(const char *target, const char *linkpath);
功能:
创建一个linkpath的软连接文件,里面存放target字符串
参数:
target:链接向的文件名
linkpath:软链接文件名
返回值:
成功返回0
失败返回-1
#include "../head.h"
int main(void)
{
FILE *fp = NULL;
char tmpbuff[4096] = {0};
symlink("file.txt", "a.txt");
fp = fopen("a.txt", "r");
if (NULL == fp)
{
perror("fail to fopen");
return -1;
}
fgets(tmpbuff, sizeof(tmpbuff), fp);
printf("%s\n", tmpbuff);
fclose(fp);
memset(tmpbuff, 0, sizeof(tmpbuff));
readlink("a.txt", tmpbuff, sizeof(tmpbuff));
printf("连接文件本身的数据:%s\n", tmpbuff);
return 0;
}
ssize_t readlink(const char *restrict path, char *restrict buf, size_t bufsize);
功能:
读取软链接文件本身内容
参数:
path:软链接文件名
buf:存放软链接文件内容的缓冲区
bufsize:缓冲区的大小
返回值:
成功返回读取的字节数
失败返回-1
2.硬链接
ln 要链接的文件名 硬链接文件名
通过在磁盘中存放的inode节点进行链接
删除文件链接关系断开
link
int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);
功能:
创建一个newpath的硬链接文件
参数:
oldpath:要链接的文件名
newpath:硬链接文件名
返回值:
成功返回0
失败返回-1
unlink
int unlink(const char *pathname);
功能:
删除链接文件名,并让硬链接个数-1 ,如果一个磁盘空间硬链接个数为0,需要回收磁盘空间
参数:
pathname:链接文件名
返回值:
成功返回0
失败返回-1
#include "../head.h"
int main(void)
{
link("file.txt", "a.txt");
unlink("file.txt");
return 0;
}
5.stat和lstat
int lstat(const char *pathname, struct stat *statbuf);
功能:
获得pathname对应文件的详细信息
参数:
pathname:文件路径
statbuf:存放文件详细信息空间的首地址
返回值:
成功返回0
失败返回-1
#include "../head.h"
int DisplayFile(char *pfilepath)
{
struct stat buf;
int ret = 0;
ret = lstat(pfilepath, &buf);
if (-1 == ret)
{
return -1;
}
switch (buf.st_mode & S_IFMT)
{
case S_IFREG:putchar('-');break;
case S_IFSOCK:putchar('s');break;
case S_IFLNK:putchar('l');break;
case S_IFBLK:putchar('b');break;
case S_IFDIR:putchar('d');break;
case S_IFCHR:putchar('c');break;
case S_IFIFO:putchar('p');break;
}
putchar(' ');
printf("%ld ", buf.st_nlink);
printf("%d ", buf.st_uid);
printf("%d ", buf.st_gid);
printf("%ld ", buf.st_size);
printf("%ld ", buf.st_mtime);
printf("%s\n", pfilepath);
return 0;
}
int main(void)
{
char filepath[256] = {0};
printf("请输入文件路径:\n");
scanf("%s", filepath);
DisplayFile(filepath);
return 0;
}
struct stat {
dev_t st_dev; /* ID of device containing file */
ino_t st_ino; /* Inode number */
mode_t st_mode; /* File type and mode */
nlink_t st_nlink; /* Number of hard links */
uid_t st_uid; /* User ID of owner */
gid_t st_gid; /* Group ID of owner */
dev_t st_rdev; /* Device ID (if special file) */
off_t st_size; /* Total size, in bytes */
blksize_t st_blksize; /* Block size for filesystem I/O */
blkcnt_t st_blocks; /* Number of 512B blocks allocated */
/* Since Linux 2.6, the kernel supports nanosecond
precision for the following timestamp fields.
For the details before Linux 2.6, see NOTES. */
struct timespec st_atim; /* Time of last access */
struct timespec st_mtim; /* Time of last modification */
struct timespec st_ctim; /* Time of last status change */
#define st_atime st_atim.tv_sec /* Backward compatibility */
#define st_mtime st_mtim.tv_sec
#define st_ctime st_ctim.tv_sec
};