Java调用WebServices接口

news2024/11/20 13:18:21

当拿到一个WebServices接口时，首先用接口测试工具调用一下接口，看是否可以正常发送请求和获取返回接口，确保接口是没有问题的，可以用SoapUI工具进行测试。

下面以一个免费的天气预报接口为例，记录整个接口的调用过程。

接口地址：http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx

打开SoapUI，点击SOAP，在弹出的新建页面输入接口地址，在地址后面拼接上 ?wsdl ，点击OK。

会看到在左侧地方显示该接口可以调用的每个方法。

获取上海的天气信息：

点击绿色剪箭头，就可以在右侧看到接口的返回结果。

以上就是用SoapUI工具进行接口测试的使用说明。

下面用Java代码来实现该接口的调用：

新建一个测试类 WebServiceTest

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.HashMap;

/**
 * @author: liangmeng
 * @description: WebService测试
 * @date: 2024/4/14 13:42
 * @version: 1.0
 */
public class WebServiceTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String soapRequestXml = null;
        String soapResponseXml = null;
        String responseCode = null;
        HashMap<String, String> responseData = new HashMap<>();


        //soap报文
        soapRequestXml = "<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" xmlns:web=\"http://WebXml.com.cn/\">\n" +
                "   <soapenv:Header/>\n" +
                "   <soapenv:Body>\n" +
                "      <web:getWeather>\n" +
                "         <web:theCityCode>上海</web:theCityCode>\n" +
                "         <web:theUserID>5fc88ce5ff404ce6ba1282125f68d258</web:theUserID>\n" +
                "      </web:getWeather>\n" +
                "   </soapenv:Body>\n" +
                "</soapenv:Envelope>";

        //发送post请求
        responseData = postSoap("http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx", soapRequestXml, "http://WebXml.com.cn/getWeather");
        responseCode = responseData.get("responseCode");
        soapResponseXml = responseData.get("responseMsg");
        System.out.println("请求状态："+responseCode);
        System.out.println("返回参数："+soapResponseXml);

    }


    /**
     * @param postUrl: 请求地址
     * @param soapXml: 请求报文
     * @param soapAction: 请求方法名称
     * @return HashMap<String,String>
     * @author 梁萌
     * @description 发送POST请求
     * @date 2024/4/14 13:49
     */
    public static HashMap<String, String> postSoap(String postUrl, String soapXml, String soapAction) {

        HashMap<String, String> hm = new HashMap<>();

        //响应结果
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
        //输出流
        OutputStream out = null;
        //字符缓冲输入流
        BufferedReader in = null;
        //状态响应码
        int responseCode = 0;

        try {
            //创建URL
            URL url = new URL(postUrl);//重要，WSDL路径，不带?wsdl
            URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();
            HttpURLConnection httpConn = (HttpURLConnection) connection;

            //设置参数
            httpConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(soapXml.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8).length));
            httpConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/xml; charset=utf-8");
            httpConn.setRequestProperty("SOAPAction", soapAction); //重要，调用接口的某个方法
            httpConn.setRequestMethod("POST");
            httpConn.setDoOutput(true);
            httpConn.setDoInput(true);

            //发送请求
            out = httpConn.getOutputStream();
            out.write(soapXml.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

            //状态响应码
            responseCode = httpConn.getResponseCode();

            //状态响应码=200
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(httpConn.getInputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            String inputLine;
            while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result.append(inputLine);
            }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            System.out.println("soap请求路径：" + postUrl + "，异常，响应状态码：" + responseCode + "，异常原因：" + ex.getMessage());
            hm.put("responseCode", responseCode + "");
            hm.put("responseMsg", ex.getMessage() + "");
            return hm;
        } finally {
            try {
                if (out != null) {
                    out.close();
                }
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                System.out.println("soap请求路径：" + postUrl + "，异常，响应状态码：" + responseCode + "，异常原因：释放资源失败");
                hm.put("responseCode", responseCode + "");
                hm.put("responseMsg", ex.getMessage() + "");
                return hm;
            }
        }

        //返回响应内容
        String soapResponse = result.toString();
        System.out.println("soap请求路径：" + postUrl + "，结束，响应状态码：" + responseCode + "，返回结果：" + soapResponse);

        hm.put("responseCode", responseCode + "");
        hm.put("responseMsg", soapResponse + "");
        return hm;
    }


}

执行结果：