【C语言】基础（与python语法比较）

news2024/12/23 15:15:19

1、【C#】 printf

① 头文件stdio.h，② 注意语法格式，③ printf的文本结尾不换行，④ printf中参数是字符，其它类型可以转为文本，例如"%i","%f"等。

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    int i = 1;
    printf("%i\n", i);         // 输出整数
    printf("hello, world");    // 输出字符串
}

【Python】print：print的文本结尾默认换行，参数可自动转为文本。

i = 1
print(i)                   # 输出整数
print("hello,world")       # 输出字符串

2、【C#】输入：scanf（遇到空格就停止读取）, gets（读取整行）。用printf给出输入提示。

注：%s 输出或读取字符串，%c 输出或读取字符，%d 输出或读取整数， %f 输出或读取浮点数。

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    char name[16];
    printf("Name: ");
    scanf("%s", name);     // 遇到空格就停止   
    printf("Name is %s", name);
}

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    char name[16];
    printf("Name: ");
    gets(name);              // 读取整行输入   
    printf("Name is ");
    puts(name);              // 输出读取的整行输入
}

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    int m,n;
    printf("Number m: ");
    scanf("%d",&m);
    printf("Number n: ");
    scanf("%d",&n);
    printf("m+n=%d\n", m+n);
}

【Python】input：返回字符串。int(...)转为整数，float(...)转为浮点数。

name = input("Name: ")
print(f"Name is {name}")

m = int(input("Number m: "))
n = int(input("Number n: "))
print(f"m+n={m+n}")

3、【C#】if...else if...else...

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    int a = 1;
    int b = 2;
    if(a>b)
    {
        printf("a is greater than b");
    }
    else if(a<b)
    {
        printf("a is less than b");
    }
    else
    {
        printf("a is equal to b");
    }
}

【Python】if...elif...else...

a = 1
b = 2
if a > b:
    print("a is greater than b")
elif a < b:
    print("a is less than b")
else:
    print("a is equal to b")

4、【C#】for 循环

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
    {
        printf("%i\n", i);
    }
}

【Python】for 循环

for i in range(5):
    print(i)

5、【C#】while

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    int i = 0;
    while(i<5)
    {
        printf("%i\n", i);
        i++;
    }
}

【Python】while

i = 0
while i < 5:
    print(i)
    i += 1

6、【C#】do...while...

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    int n = 1;
    do
    {
        printf("Number:%d\n", n);
        n++;
    } while (n < 5);
    
    return 0;
}

7、【C#】switch

switch表达式后的值会和case后的常量值比较，匹配case则执行相应语句。没有匹配的case，就执行default。

每个case里有break，否则会继续执行下一个case。

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    int season = 1;
    switch (season)
    {
        case 1:
            printf("spring");
            break;
        case 2:
            printf("summer");
            break;
        case 3:
            printf("autumn");
            break;
        case 4:
            printf("winter");
            break;
        default:
            printf("one year four seasons");
            break;
    }
    return 0;
}