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文章目录
- 前言
- 一、概念
- 其他事件
- 页面加载事件
- 元素滚动事件
- 页面尺寸事件
- 元素尺寸与位置
- 二、案例举例
- 电梯导航
前言
- 掌握阻止事件冒泡的方法
- 理解事件委托的实现原理
一、概念
1.事件流
事件流是对事件执行过程的描述,了解事件的执行过程有助于加深对事件的理解,提升开发实践中对事件运用的灵活度。
如上图所示,任意事件被触发时总会经历两个阶段:【捕获阶段】和【冒泡阶段】。
简言之,捕获阶段是【从父到子】的传导过程,冒泡阶段是【从子向父】的传导过程。
2.捕获和冒泡
事件流是如何影响事件执行的:
结合事件流的特征,我们知道当某个元素的事件被触发时,事件总是会先经过其祖先才能到达当前元素,然后再由当前元素向祖先传递,事件在流动的过程中遇到相同的事件便会被触发。
- 事件相继触发的【执行顺序】,事件的执行顺序是可控制的,即可以在捕获阶段被执行,也可以在冒泡阶段被执行。
- 如果事件是在冒泡阶段执行的,我们称为【冒泡模式】,它会先执行子盒子事件再去执行父盒子事件,默认是冒泡模式。
- 如果事件是在捕获阶段执行的,我们称为【捕获模式】,它会先执行父盒子事件再去执行子盒子事件。
结论:
addEventListener
第3个参数决定了事件是在捕获阶段触发还是在冒泡阶段触发addEventListener
第3个参数为true
表示捕获阶段触发,false
表示冒泡阶段触发,默认值为false
- 事件流只会在父子元素具有相同事件类型时才会产生影响
- 绝大部分场景都采用默认的冒泡模式(其中一个原因是早期 IE 不支持捕获)
3.阻止冒泡
阻止冒泡是指阻断事件的流动,保证事件只在当前元素被执行,而不再去影响到其对应的祖先元素。
事件对象中的 ev.stopPropagation
方法,专门用来阻止事件冒泡。
鼠标经过事件:
mouseover 和 mouseout 会有冒泡效果
mouseenter 和 mouseleave 没有冒泡效果 (推荐)
4.事件委托
事件委托是利用事件流的特征解决一些现实开发需求的知识技巧,主要的作用是提升程序效率。
大量的事件监听是比较耗费性能的,如下代码所示
<script>
// 假设页面中有 10000 个 button 元素
const buttons = document.querySelectorAll('table button');
for(let i = 0; i <= buttons.length; i++) {
// 为 10000 个 button 元素添加了事件
buttons.addEventListener('click', function () {
// 省略具体执行逻辑...
})
}
</script>
利用事件流的特征,可以对上述的代码进行优化,事件的的冒泡模式总是会将事件流向其父元素的,如果父元素监听了相同的事件类型,那么父元素的事件就会被触发并执行,正是利用这一特征对上述代码进行优化,如下代码所示:
<script>
// 假设页面中有 10000 个 button 元素
let buttons = document.querySelectorAll('table button');
// 假设上述的 10000 个 buttom 元素共同的祖先元素是 table
let parents = document.querySelector('table');
parents.addEventListener('click', function () {
console.log('点击任意子元素都会触发事件...');
})
</script>
事件对象中的属性 target
或 srcElement
属性表示真正触发事件的元素,它是一个元素类型的节点。
<script>
// 假设页面中有 10000 个 button 元素
const buttons = document.querySelectorAll('table button')
// 假设上述的 10000 个 buttom 元素共同的祖先元素是 table
const parents = document.querySelector('table')
parents.addEventListener('click', function (ev) {
// console.log(ev.target);
// 只有 button 元素才会真正去执行逻辑
if(ev.target.tagName === 'BUTTON') {
// 执行的逻辑
}
})
</script>
优化过的代码只对祖先元素添加事件监听,相比对 10000 个元素添加事件监听执行效率要高许多!!!
其他事件
页面加载事件
加载外部资源(如图片、外联CSS和JavaScript等)加载完毕时触发的事件
有些时候需要等页面资源全部处理完了做一些事情
事件名:load
监听页面所有资源加载完毕:
window.addEventListener('load', function() {
// xxxxx
})
元素滚动事件
滚动条在滚动的时候持续触发的事件
window.addEventListener('scroll', function() {
// xxxxx
})
页面尺寸事件
会在窗口尺寸改变的时候触发事件:
window.addEventListener('resize', function() {
// xxxxx
})
元素尺寸与位置
获取元素的自身宽高、包含元素自身设置的宽高、padding、border
offsetWidth和offsetHeight
获取出来的是数值,方便计算
注意: 获取的是可视宽高, 如果盒子是隐藏的,获取的结果是0
二、案例举例
电梯导航
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<p class="name">美威 智利原味三文鱼排 240g/袋 4片装</p>
<p class="flag">海鲜年货</p>
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<p class="flag">火锅食材</p>
<p class="price"><small>¥</small>71.9</p>
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<p class="name">三都港 冷冻无公害黄花鱼 700g 2条 袋装</p>
<p class="flag">海鲜水产</p>
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<p class="name">渔公码头 大连鲜食入味 即食海参 辽参刺参 调味海</p>
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<p class="name">越南进口白心火龙果4个 装 标准果 单果400-550g </p>
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<span>服饰馆</span>
<span>3折狂欢</span>
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</div>
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<p class="name">人本秋季厚底帆布鞋 韩版低帮增高学生</p>
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<p class="price"><small>¥</small>55</p>
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</div>
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<p class="name">迪士尼真皮针扣表带宽度 14-16mm规格双色压纹 女表带</p>
<p class="flag">海鲜年货</p>
<p class="price"><small>¥</small>20.9</p>
</div>
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