RabbitMQ“延时队列“

1.RabbitMQ"延时队列"

延迟队列存储的对象是对应的延迟消息，所谓“延迟消息”是指当消息被发送以后，并不想让消费者立刻拿到消息，而是等待特定时间后，消费者才能拿到这个消息进行消费
注意RabbitMQ并没有延时队列慨念,其实是通过死信实现
应用场景:订单30分钟未支付取消…

2.整合springboot

创建springboot Maven项目,其pom文件内容如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.2</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.hong</groupId>
    <artifactId>springboot-rabbitmq</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springboot-rabbitmq</name>
    <description>springboot整合Rabbitmq</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--RabbitMQ 依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.24</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--swagger-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--RabbitMQ 测试依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.2</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

3.配置文件application.properties

spring.rabbitmq.host=10.211.55.4
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=admin
spring.rabbitmq.password=123456

4.添加Swagger配置类

package com.hong.springboot.rabbitmq.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.service.Contact;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;

/**
 * @Description: Swagger配置类
 * @Author: hong
 * @Date: 2024-01-24 10:38
 * @Version: 1.0
 **/
@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2
public class SwaggerConfig {

    @Bean
    public Docket webApiConfig() {
        return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
                .groupName("webApi")
                .apiInfo(webApiInfo())
                .select()
                .build();
    }

    private ApiInfo webApiInfo() {
        return new ApiInfoBuilder()
                .title("rabbitmq接口文档")
                .description("本文档描述了 rabbitmq 微服务接口定义")
                .version("1.0")
                .contact(new Contact("JAVA小生不才", "https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41596346?spm=1011.2423.3001.5343", "hst1406959716@163.com"))
                .build();
    }
}

5.队列TTL配置列

在这里插入图片描述

package com.hong.springboot.rabbitmq.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @Description: TTL队列配置类
 * @Author: hong
 * @Date: 2024-01-24 09:57
 * @Version: 1.0
 **/

@Configuration
public class TTLQueeueConfig {
    public static final String X_EXCHANGE = "X";
    public static final String QUEUE_A = "QUEUE_A";
    public static final String QUEUE_B = "QUEUE_B";

    //死信交换机
    public static final String Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE = "Y";
    //死信队列
    public static final String DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE = "QD";

    // 声明 xExchange
    @Bean("xExchange")
    public DirectExchange xExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange(X_EXCHANGE);
    }

    // 声明 死信队列交换机
    @Bean("yExchange")
    public DirectExchange yExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange(Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
    }

    //声明队列 A ttl 为 10s 并绑定到对应的死信交换机
    @Bean("queueA")
    public Queue queueA() {
        Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>(3);
        //声明当前队列绑定的死信交换机
        args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
        //声明当前队列的死信路由 key
        args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "YD");
        //声明队列的 TTL
        args.put("x-message-ttl", 10000);
        return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_A).withArguments(args).build();
    }

    // 声明队列 A 绑定 X 交换机
    @Bean
    public Binding queueaBindingX(@Qualifier("queueA") Queue queueA,
                                  @Qualifier("xExchange") DirectExchange xExchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA).to(xExchange).with("XA");
    }

    //声明队列 B ttl 为 40s 并绑定到对应的死信交换机
    @Bean("queueB")
    public Queue queueB() {
        Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>(3);
        //声明当前队列绑定的死信交换机
        args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
        //声明当前队列的死信路由 key
        args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "YD");
        //声明队列的 TTL
        args.put("x-message-ttl", 40000);
        return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_B).withArguments(args).build();
    }

    //声明死信队列 QD
    @Bean("queueD")
    public Queue queueD() {
        return new Queue(DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE);
    }

    //声明队列 B 绑定 X 交换机
    @Bean
    public Binding queuebBindingX(@Qualifier("queueB") Queue queueB,
                                  @Qualifier("xExchange") DirectExchange xExchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB).to(xExchange).with("XB");
    }



    //声明死信队列 QD 绑定关系
    @Bean
    public Binding deadLetterBindingQAD(@Qualifier("queueD") Queue queueD,
                                        @Qualifier("yExchange") DirectExchange yExchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueD).to(yExchange).with("YD");
    }
}

6.消息生产者

package com.hong.springboot.rabbitmq.controller;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * @Description: 消息生产者
 * @Author: hong
 * @Date: 2024-01-28 10:15
 * @Version: 1.0
 **/
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping("ttl")
@RestController
public class SendMessageController {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @GetMapping("sendMsg/{message}")
    public void sendMsg(@PathVariable String message) {
        log.info("当前时间：{},发送一条信息给两个 TTL 队列:{}",new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) , message);
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("X", "XA", "消息来自ttl为10S的QA队列: " + message);
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("X", "XB", "消息来自ttl为10S的QB队列: " + message);
    }
}

7.消息消费者代码

package com.hong.springboot.rabbitmq.consumer;

import com.hong.springboot.rabbitmq.config.TTLQueeueConfig;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * @Description: 死信消费者
 * @Author: hong
 * @Date: 2024-01-28 10:22
 * @Version: 1.0
 **/
@Slf4j
@Component
public class DeadLetterQueueConsumer {

    @RabbitListener(queues = "QD")
    public void receiveD(Message message, Channel channel) {
        String msg = new String(message.getBody());
        log.info("当前时间：{},收到死信队列信息{}",new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) , msg);
    }

}

启动项目，发起http://localhost:8080/ttl/sendMsg/JAVA%E5%B0%8F%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%8D%E6%89%8D请求
在这里插入图片描述

8.代码优化

QA和QB的ttl都写死啦，若是再来1个时间不同的咋处理

8.1.TTLQueeueConfig优化

代码中添加如下代码

    //QC 不设置ttl  消息自带ttl
    public static final String QUEUE_C = "QC";

    //声明队列 C 死信交换机    
    @Bean("queueC")
    public Queue queueC() {
        Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>(3);
        //声明当前队列绑定的死信交换机
        args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
        //声明当前队列的死信路由 key
        args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "YD");
        //没有声明 TTL 属性
        return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_C).withArguments(args).build();
    }

    //声明队列C绑定 X 交换机
    @Bean
    public Binding queueCBindingX(@Qualifier("queueC") Queue queueC,
                                  @Qualifier("xExchange") DirectExchange xExchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueC).to(xExchange).with("XC");
    }

8.2.生产者代码优化

添加如下方法

    /**
     * 延时队列优化
     * @param message 消息
     * @param ttlTime 延时的毫秒
     */
    @GetMapping("sendExpirationMsg/{message}/{ttlTime}")
    public void sendMsg(@PathVariable String message, @PathVariable String ttlTime) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("X", "XC", message, correlationData -> {
            correlationData.getMessageProperties().setExpiration(ttlTime);
            return correlationData;
        });
        log.info("当前时间：{},发送一条时长{}毫秒TTL信息给队列C:{}", new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) , ttlTime, message);
    }