python小案例——采集财经数据

news2024/11/15 23:48:09

前言

大家早好、午好、晚好吖 ❤ ~

另我给大家准备了一些资料，包括:

2022最新Python视频教程、Python电子书10个G

（涵盖基础、爬虫、数据分析、web开发、机器学习、人工智能、面试题）、Python学习路线图等等

全部可在文末名片获取哦！

开发环境:

解释器版本: python 3.8
代码编辑器: pycharm 2021.2
requests: pip install requests
pandas: pip install pandas
pyecharts: pip install pyecharts

1. 什么是pachong?

采集互联网(网页/app)数据的一项技术 (图片/音频/视频/文本) + 抢购操作 / 人为能够做的一些操作(脚本)

原理:

模拟成客户端(网页/app) 向服务器发送网络请求

不要让对方(服务器)难受百度(各大搜索引擎都是爬虫)

2. 有哪些步骤该如何实现?

一. 思路分析

需要采集什么数据?

股票信息
数据在哪里?

通过 f12 打开 network(网络面板) 记录网页当中的数据资源的抓包分析

二. 代码实现

发送请求通过代码的方式访问网站
获取数据
解析数据提取数据把想要的留下来
保存数据

代码展示

导入模块

import requests     # 发送请求
import csv

with open('财经.csv', mode='a', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    csv_writer = csv.writer(f)
    csv_writer.writerow(
        ['CODE', 'SNAME', 'PRICE', 'PERCENT', 'UPDOWN', 'FIVE_MINUTE', 'OPEN', 'YESTCLOSE', 'HIGH', 'LOW', 'VOLUME', 'TURNOVER', 'HS', 'LB', 'WB', 'ZF',
         'PE', 'MCAP', 'TCAP', 'MFSUM', 'MFRATIO2', 'MFRATIO10'])
for page in range(0, 213):
    # url 数据来源 数据包 网页链接
    url = f'http://      .money.163.com/hs/service/diyrank.php?host=http%3A%2F%2Fquotes.money.163.com%2Fhs%2Fservice%2Fdiyrank.php&page={page}&query=STYPE%3AEQA&fields=NO%2CSYMBOL%2CNAME%2CPRICE%2CPERCENT%2CUPDOWN%2CFIVE_MINUTE%2COPEN%2CYESTCLOSE%2CHIGH%2CLOW%2CVOLUME%2CTURNOVER%2CHS%2CLB%2CWB%2CZF%2CPE%2CMCAP%2CTCAP%2CMFSUM%2CMFRATIO.MFRATIO2%2CMFRATIO.MFRATIO10%2CSNAME%2CCODE%2CANNOUNMT%2CUVSNEWS&sort=PERCENT&order=desc&count=24&type=query'

代码里网址就给大家屏蔽了，不然发不出来

完整代码有需要的可以文章下方名片获取哦~

（或者评论已点赞收藏，求代码，我私你呀）

发送请求

.get / .post 爬虫99%请求方式都是这两种

    response = requests.get(url=url)

获取数据

.text: 获取文本内容

.content: 获取二进制数据 (图片/音频/视频)

.json(): {}所包裹的数据 .json()取值解析数据就会更方便更简单字典

    json_data = response.json()

解析数据

    list = json_data['list']
    for i in range(0, len(list)):
        CODE = list[i]['CODE']
        SNAME = list[i]['SNAME']
        PRICE = list[i]['PRICE']
        PERCENT = list[i]['PERCENT']
        UPDOWN = list[i]['UPDOWN']
        FIVE_MINUTE = list[i]['FIVE_MINUTE']
        OPEN = list[i]['OPEN']
        YESTCLOSE = list[i]['YESTCLOSE']
        HIGH = list[i]['HIGH']
        LOW = list[i]['LOW']
        VOLUME = list[i]['VOLUME']
        TURNOVER = list[i]['TURNOVER']
        HS = list[i]['HS']
        try:
            LB = list[i]['LB']
        except:
            LB = ''
        WB = list[i]['WB']
        ZF = list[i]['ZF']
        try:
            PE = list[i]['PE']
        except:
            PE = ''
        MCAP = list[i]['MCAP']
        TCAP = list[i]['TCAP']
        MFSUM = list[i]['MFSUM']
        MFRATIO2 = list[i]['MFRATIO']['MFRATIO2']
        MFRATIO10 = list[i]['MFRATIO']['MFRATIO10']
        print(CODE, SNAME, PRICE, PERCENT, UPDOWN, FIVE_MINUTE, OPEN, YESTCLOSE, HIGH, LOW, VOLUME, TURNOVER, HS, LB, WB, ZF, PE, MCAP, TCAP, MFSUM, MFRATIO2, MFRATIO10)

保存数据

        with open('财经.csv', mode='a', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            csv_writer = csv.writer(f)
            csv_writer.writerow([CODE, SNAME, PRICE, PERCENT, UPDOWN, FIVE_MINUTE, OPEN, YESTCLOSE, HIGH, LOW, VOLUME, TURNOVER, HS, LB, WB, ZF, PE, MCAP, TCAP, MFSUM, MFRATIO2, MFRATIO10])