01.CentOS7静默安装oracle11g

CentOS7静默安装oracle11g

一、下载Oracle11g安装包
二、开始安装oracle11g
三、配置Oracle监听程序
四、添加数据库实例
五、设置开机启动
六、登录后解除锁定

一、下载Oracle11g安装包

下载链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1gcLMFGX7-8ju7OoFOFLzQA
提取码：636s
也可在oracle官网下载

关闭防火墙

service iptables stop
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

关闭selinux
使用以下命令进入配置文件将SELINUX的值修改为disabled

vi /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

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使用setenforce 0使命令生效

上传下载好的Oracle安装文件
下载安装 unzip 软件，用来解压上传的Oracle安装文件
命令为yum install -y unzip zip
开始解压

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

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二、开始安装oracle11g

安装Oracle 11g依赖包

yum install yum install gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel -y

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添加安装用户和用户组

[root@localhost opt]# groupadd oinstall
[root@localhost opt]# groupadd dba
[root@localhost opt]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@localhost opt]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password:              #输入密码时必须是字符+数字+特殊字符,否则不通过
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@localhost opt]#

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修改参数

命令如下，进入相关配置文件

 vi /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

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使用sysctl -p使修改的参数立即生效

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/inventory
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

设置oracle用户环境变量

[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vi .bash_profile
[oracle@localhost ~]$

添加以下内容

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH

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编辑静默安装响应文件

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cp -R /opt/database/response/ .
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd response/
[oracle@localhost response]$ vi db_install.rsp
[oracle@localhost response]$

将其中参数值修改为以下内容：

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl               
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8  
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=800        
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle     
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

安装Oracle主程序

进入相应的database目录执行安装命令

[oracle@localhost response]$ cd /opt/database/
[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

等待一段时间…(时间的话看机器性能)
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出现如上图所示信息，说明主程序安装成功安装成功。

三、配置Oracle监听程序

打开一个新命令窗口

执行以下命令：

sh /u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh

执行后结果如下：

C:\Users\en>ssh root@192.168.66.120
root@192.168.66.120's password:
Last login: Tue Oct 31 16:57:07 2023 from 192.168.66.1
[root@localhost ~]# sh /u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oracle/inventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oracle/inventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@localhost ~]# sh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
Check /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/install/root_localhost.localdomain_2023-10-31_17-42-41.log for the output of root script
[root@localhost ~]#

切换回oracle用户，依次执行如下命令

source .bash_profile
netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp

执行结果如下：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ source .bash_profile
[oracle@localhost ~]$ netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Configuring Listener:LISTENER
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control:
      /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
[oracle@localhost ~]$

查看1521端口是否启动，示例如下：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ netstat -tnulp| grep 1521
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp6       0      0 :::1521                 :::*                    LISTEN      9026/tnslsnr
[oracle@localhost ~]$

如若使用netstat报错，可以在root用户下执行yum install net-tools安装net-tools工具。

关于监听的开启和关闭

开启监听:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/lsnrctl start
关闭监听:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/lsnrctl stop

四、添加数据库实例

编辑数据库实例文件

vi /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp

修改以下参数

GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/u01/app/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
TOTALMEMORY = "1638"

其中TOTALMEMORY = “1638” 为1638MB，物理内存2G*80%。TOTALMEMORY的值要根据自己实际的内存去分配

执行以下命令

dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp

执行后示例如下：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details.

检查实例进程

[oracle@localhost ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
oracle    11293      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle    11295      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:01 ora_vktm_orcl
oracle    11299      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcl
oracle    11301      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl
oracle    11303      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_orcl
oracle    11305      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl
oracle    11307      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_orcl
oracle    11309      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl
oracle    11311      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
oracle    11313      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl
oracle    11315      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcl
oracle    11317      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl
oracle    11319      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl
oracle    11321      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl
oracle    11323      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl
oracle    11325      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl
oracle    11327      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl
oracle    11339      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl
oracle    11373      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_orcl
oracle    11522      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl
oracle    11524      1  0 18:46 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl
[oracle@localhost ~]$

查看监听zhuangtai

[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 31-OCT-2023 18:50:27

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                31-OCT-2023 18:08:07
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 42 min. 20 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@localhost ~]$

登录查看实例状态

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Oct 31 18:52:23 2023

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
OPEN

SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@localhost ~]$

五、设置开机启动

修改 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin路径下的dbstart dbshut脚本，将两个脚本中的ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1,修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@localhost ~]$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut

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修改/etc/oratab文件,将orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:N中最后的N改为Y，成为orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y

vi /etc/oratab

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修改rc.local文件

[oracle@localhost ~]$ vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local

添加以下内容：

su oracle -lc "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/lsnrctl start"  #加上引号才能把空格后的start,当作命令的一部分
su oracle -lc /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart

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重启后执行netstat -tpln，示例如下：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ netstat -tpln
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -
tcp6       0      0 :::1521                 :::*                    LISTEN      1032/tnslsnr
tcp6       0      0 :::28084                :::*                    LISTEN      1319/ora_d000_orcl
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      -
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      -
[oracle@localhost ~]$

发现有1521监听端口存在,配置成功

六、登录后解除锁定

[oracle@localhost ~]$ source .bash_profile
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Oct 31 19:23:34 2023

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> alter user SYSTEM account unlock;

User altered.

SQL>