2011 年，Text 2——题材：经济

句意理解题-原词复现一般不选，但是要留意无中生有

26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper（ ）.
    A. neglected the sign of crisis （无中生有）（第二段原词复现，但是对象是world）
    B. failed to get state subsidies （原词复现，但是“it will hold another meeting ”）
    C. were not charitable corporations （原词复现，但是“it will hold another meeting ”）
    D. were in a desperate situation

①Whatever happened to the death of newspapers? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.

推断题-原词复现，注意是否“无中生有”“对象错误”“词意相反”

27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because（ ）.
    A. readers threatened to pay less （原词复现，但相反）
    B. newspapers wanted to reduce costs
    C. journalists reported little about these areas （原词复现，但无中生有）
    D. subscribers complained about slimmer products （原词复现，但无中生有，无“complain”）

②In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.

③It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.

推断题

28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they （ ）
    A. have more sources of revenue
    B. have more balanced newsrooms
    C. are less dependent on advertising （画部分对比，可推断出）
    D. are less affected by readership

④Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers
and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.

推断题

29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?（ ）
    A. Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers. （）
    B. Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper. （与原文矛盾）
    C. Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business. （与原文矛盾）
    D. Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews. （与原文同义犯了推断过度错误，没有提及interest）

⑤The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.

主旨题-不了解阅读意思，很难做出选择

30. The most appropriate title for this text would be（ ） .
    A. American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival
    B. American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind
    C. American Newspapers: A Thriving Business
    D. American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story

2011 年，Text 4——题材：经济 -第一步：先看选项，带着问题读原文

细节题-原词无复现：要么同义替换，要么无中生有。原词复现：大多是错误的，如主谓颠倒、主语错误。

36. The EU is faced with so many problems that（ ）.
    A. it has more or less lost faith in markets（原词复现，但主谓颠倒）
    B. even its supporters(对应cheerleader) begin to feel concerned（对应talk of）（同义替换）
    C. some of its member countries plan to abandon euro（原词无复现，无中生有）
    D. it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation（原词复现，但主语错误，原文是指uncompetitive member）

①Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth.
②As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which （非限定定语从句）denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.

细节题-yet、but转折后面句子更重要

37. The debate争论 over the EU’s single currency is stuck卡顿 because the dominant powers主要力量（ ）.
    A. are competing竞争 for the leading position （无中生有）
    B. are busy handling处理 their own crises （无中生有）
    C. fail to reach an agreement on harmonization统一 （原词复现）
    D. disagree on the steps towards disintegration分解 （强干扰项，原词复现，对象主体不同，而且原文是save，而不是仅仅disagree step）

③Yet（转折后面句子更重要） the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but（转折后面句子更重要） disagree about what to harmonies.

细节题-原词复现大概率不选，常见错误为反义词干扰

38. To solve the euro problem, Germany proposed that（ ）.
    A. EU funds for poor regions be increased （原词复现，但increased与freeze相反）
    B. stricter regulations be imposed（原词无复现，大概率是同义替换，im向里+pose姿势，意思大概是向里放入）
    C. only core members be involved in economic co-ordination协调（原词复现，但对象错误）
    D. voting rights投票权 of the EU members be guaranteed（原词复现，但guaranteed与suspension相反）

④Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by支持 quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom 非限制定语从句there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone单独从内部核心, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.

推断题

39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that（ ）.
    A. poor countries are more likely to get funds
    B. Strict（无提及strict） monetary policy will be applied to poor countries
    C. loans will be readily available to rich countries
    D. rich countries will basically control Eurobonds

⑤A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different: “European economic government”
within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Euro bonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g. curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.

观点态度题

40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel（ ）.
    A. pessimistic 失望
    B. desperate 绝望
    C. conceited
    D. hopeful

⑥It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.

2018 年，Text 3——题材：经济

细节题-无原词重现，需推理

31. According to Paragraph1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its （ ）.
    A. digital products（原词重现，但是搭配错误）
    B. user information （无原词重现，需推理）
    C. physical assets （原词重现，但是搭配错误）
    D. quality service （原词重现，但是搭配错误）

①The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon亚马逊 has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5 bn. but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all非限制定语从句. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives.

细节题-无关键词原词重现，需推理

32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may （ ）.
    A. worsen political disputes （原词重现，但搭配不当）
    B. mess up customer records （原词重现，但搭配不当）
    C. pose a risk to Facebook users （无原词重现，需推理）
    D. mislead the European commission （原词重现，但无关）

②Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops of owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.

细节题-原文复现，同义替换

33. According to the author, competition law（ ）.
    A. should serve the new market powers （原词复现，但power没搭配marker）
    B. may worsen the economic imbalance （原词复现，但worse与address相反）
    C. should not provide just one legal solution（无提及）
    D. cannot keep pace with the changing market （原文复现，同义替换）

③（1）Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too.(2) Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.

细节题-因果-有争议的题

34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because（ ）.
    A. they are no defined as customers （强干扰项，consumer不是fackbook 的customer）
    B. they are not financially reliable (无提及)
    C. these services are generally digital (原词复现，但service不搭配digital，且不是原因)
    D. the services are paid for by advertisers

例证题

35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate（ ）.
    A. a win-win business model between digital giants
    B. a typical competition pattern among digital giants
    C. the benefits provided for digital giants’ customers
    D. the relationship between digital giants and their users（ant and aphid）

④The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.