《数据结构、算法与应用C++语言描述》使用C++语言实现数组队列
定义
队列的定义
队列（queue）是一个线性表，其插入和删除操作分别在表的不同端进行。插入元素的那一端称为队尾（back或rear），删除元素的那一端称为队首（front）。
队列的抽象数据类型
数组循环队列实现代码
_17queue.h
抽象类栈。
/*
Project name : allAlgorithmsTest
Last modified Date: 2022年8月13日17点38分
Last Version: V1.0
Descriptions: 队列的抽象类
*/
#pragma once
#ifndef _QUEUE_H_
#define _QUEUE_H_
template<class T>
class queue
{
public:
virtual ~queue() {}
virtual bool empty() const = 0;//返回true,当且仅当队列为空
virtual int size() const = 0;//返回队列中元素个数
virtual T& front() = 0;//返回头元素的引用
virtual T& back() = 0;//返回尾元素的引用
virtual void pop() = 0;//删除首元素
virtual void push(const T& theElement) = 0;//把元素theELment加入队尾
};
#endif
_18arrayQueue.h
/*
Project name : allAlgorithmsTest
Last modified Date: 2022年8月13日17点38分
Last Version: V1.0
Descriptions: 数组存储的队列的头文件
*/
#pragma once
#ifndef _ARRAYQUEUE_H_
#define _ARRAYQUEUE_H_
#include<sstream>
#include<iostream>
#include "_1myExceptions.h"
#include "_17queue.h"
#include <cmath>
/*测试函数*/
void arrayQueueTest();
using namespace std;
template<class T>
class arrayQueue : public queue<T>
{
public:
/*成员函数*/
arrayQueue(int initialCapacity = 10);
~arrayQueue() { delete[] queue; }
bool empty() const { return theFront == theBack; }
int size() const //返回队列的元素个数
{
return (queueLength - theFront + theBack) % queueLength;
}
void clear() { theFront = theBack = 0; }/*清空队列中的元素*/
int capacity() const { return queueLength-1; }
//返回第一个元素
T& front()
{
if (theFront == theBack)
throw queueEmpty();
return queue[(theFront + 1) % queueLength];
}
//返回最后一个元素
T& back()
{
if (theFront == theBack)
throw queueEmpty();
return queue[theBack];
}
//删除队首元素
void pop()
{
if (theFront == theBack)
throw queueEmpty();
theFront = (theFront + 1) % queueLength;
queue[theFront].~T();
}
//向队尾插入元素theElement
void push(const T& theElement);
/*调整队列容量大小*/
void resizeQueue(int newLength);
void meld(arrayQueue<T>& a, arrayQueue<T>& b);//合并队列a,b到当前队列
void split(arrayQueue<T>& a, arrayQueue<T>& b);//将当前队列分成两个队列a,b
/*重载操作符*/
/*重载[]操作符*/
T operator[](int i)
{ return queue[(theFront + i + 1) % queueLength]; }
/*友元函数*/
friend istream& operator>> <T>(istream& in, arrayQueue<T>& m);
//输出但是不pop()元素
friend ostream& operator<< <T>(ostream& out, arrayQueue<T>& m);
private:
int theFront; // 第一个元素的前一个位置
int theBack; // 最后一个元素的位置
int queueLength; // 队列的容量，实质上比队列容量(不包含queueFront指向的那一个位置)大1
T* queue; // 指向队列首地址的指针
};
/*友元函数*/
/*>>操作符*/
template<class T>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, arrayQueue<T>& m)
{
int numberOfElement = 0;
cout << "Please enter the number of element:";
while (!(in >> numberOfElement))
{
in.clear();//清空标志位
while (in.get() != '\n')//删除无效的输入
continue;
cout << "Please enter the number of element:";
}
T cinElement;
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfElement; i++)
{
cout << "Please enter the element " << i + 1 << ":";
while (!(in >> cinElement))
{
in.clear();//清空标志位
while (in.get() != '\n')//删除无效的输入
continue;
cout << "Please enter the element " << i + 1 << ":";
}
m.push(cinElement);
}
return in;
}
/*<<操作符*/
template<class T>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, arrayQueue<T>& m)
{
int size = m.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
out << m.queue[(m.theFront + i + 1) % m.queueLength] << " ";
out << endl;
return out;
}
/*成员函数*/
/*构造函数*/
template<class T>
arrayQueue<T>::arrayQueue(int initialCapacity)
{
if (initialCapacity < 1)
{
ostringstream s("");
s << "Initial capacity = " << initialCapacity << "Must be > 0";
throw illegalParameterValue(s.str());
}
queue = new T[initialCapacity+1];
queueLength = initialCapacity+1;
theFront = theBack = 0;
}
/*向队尾插入元素theElement*/
template<class T>
void arrayQueue<T>::push(const T& theElement)
{
//首先检查队列是否已满，如已满，则将队列容量加倍
if ((theBack + 1) % queueLength == theFront)
resizeQueue(2 * (queueLength-1));
theBack = (theBack + 1) % queueLength;
queue[theBack] = theElement;
}
/*调整队列容量大小*/
template<class T>
void arrayQueue<T>::resizeQueue(int newLength)
{
T* temp = new T[newLength + 1];
int size = min((*this).size(), newLength);
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
temp[i] = queue[(theFront + i + 1) % queueLength];
queueLength = newLength+1;
theFront = newLength;
theBack = size - 1;
delete[] queue;
queue = temp;
}
/*
创建一个新的队列，该表包含了a和b中的所有元素，其中a和b的元素轮流出现，表中的首
元素为a中的第一个元素。在轮流排列元素时，如果某个队列的元素用完了，则把另一个队列的其
余元素依次添加在新队列的后部。代码的复杂性应与两个输入队列的长度呈线性比例关系。
归并后的线性队列是调用对象*this
*/
template <class T>
void arrayQueue<T>::meld(arrayQueue<T>& a, arrayQueue<T>& b)
{
(*this).clear();
int i = 0;
while (i < a.size() && i < b.size())
{
push(a[i]);
push(b[i]);
i++;
}
while (i < a.size())
{
push(a[i]);
i++;
}
while (i < b.size())
{
push(b[i]);
i++;
}
}
/*生成两个线性队列a和b，a包含*this中索引为奇数的元素，b包含其余的元素*/
template<class T>
void arrayQueue<T>::split(arrayQueue<T>& a, arrayQueue<T>& b)
{
a.clear();
b.clear();
int size = (*this).size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
if (i % 2 == 0)
a.push(queue[(theFront + i + 1) % queueLength]);
else
b.push(queue[(theFront + i + 1) % queueLength]);
}
}
#endif
_18arrayQueue.cpp
/*
Project name : allAlgorithmsTest
Last modified Date: 2022年8月13日17点38分
Last Version: V1.0
Descriptions: 测试_18arrayQueue.h头文件中的所有函数
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <time.h>
#include "_18arrayQueue.h"
using namespace std;
/*测试函数*/
void arrayQueueTest()
{
cout << endl << "*********************************arrayQueueTest()函数开始*************************************" << endl;
arrayQueue<int> a;
//测试输入和输出
cout << endl << "测试友元函数*******************************************" << endl;
cout << "输入输出************************" << endl;
cin >> a;
cout << "arrayQueue a is:" << a;
cout << endl << "测试成员函数*******************************************" << endl;
cout << "empty()*************************" << endl;
cout << "a.empty() = " << a.empty() << endl;
cout << "size()**************************" << endl;
cout << "a.size() = " << a.size() << endl;
cout << "capacity()**********************" << endl;
cout << "a.capacity() = " << a.capacity() << endl;
cout << "push()**************************" << endl;
cout << "arrayQueue a is:" << a;
a.push(99);
a.push(22);
cout << "arrayQueue a is:" << a;
cout << "front()*************************" << endl;
cout << "a.front() = " << a.front() << endl;
cout << "back()**************************" << endl;
cout << "a.back() = " << a.back() << endl;
cout << "pop()***************************" << endl;
cout << "before pop arrayQueue a is:" << a;
a.pop();
a.pop();
cout << "after pop arrayQueue a is:" << a;
cout << "resizeQueue()*******************" << endl;
cout << "before resizeQueue a.capacity() = " << a.capacity()<<endl;
a.resizeQueue(4);
cout << "after resizeQueue a.capacity() = " << a.capacity() << endl;
cout << "arrayQueue a is:" << a;
cout << "a.front() = " << a.front() << endl;
cout << "a.back() = " << a.back() << endl;
a.push(88);
cout << "after resizeQueue a.capacity() = " << a.capacity() << endl;
cout << "meld()**************************" << endl;
arrayQueue<int> b;
cin >> b;
cout << "arrayQueue a is:" << a;
cout << "arrayQueue b is:" << b;
arrayQueue<int> c;
c.meld(a, b);
cout << "arrayQueue c is:" << c;
cout << "split()*************************" << endl;
arrayQueue<int> d;
arrayQueue<int> e;
c.split(d, e);
cout << "arrayQueue c is:" << c;
cout << "arrayQueue d is:" << d;
cout << "arrayQueue e is:" << e;
cout << endl << "测试成员函数性能***************************************" << endl;
cout << "push()**************************" << endl;
arrayQueue<int> f;
double clocksPerMillis = double(CLOCKS_PER_SEC) / 1000;
clock_t startTime = clock();
for (int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++)
f.push(i);
double pushTime = (clock() - startTime) / clocksPerMillis;
cout << 10000 << " push took " << pushTime << " ms" << endl;
cout << "*********************************arrayQueueTest()函数结束*************************************" << endl;
}
main.cpp
/*
Project name : allAlgorithmsTest
Last modified Date: 2022年8月13日17点38分
Last Version: V1.0
Descriptions: main()函数，控制运行所有的测试函数
*/
#include <iostream>
#include "_18arrayQueue.h"
int main()
{
arrayQueueTest();
return 0;
}
_1myExceptions.h
/*
Project name : allAlgorithmsTest
Last modified Date: 2022年8月13日17点38分
Last Version: V1.0
Descriptions: 综合各种异常
*/
#pragma once
#ifndef _MYEXCEPTIONS_H_
#define _MYEXCEPTIONS_H_
#include <string>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
// illegal parameter value
class illegalParameterValue
{
public:
illegalParameterValue(string theMessage = "Illegal parameter value")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// illegal input data
class illegalInputData
{
public:
illegalInputData(string theMessage = "Illegal data input")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// illegal index
class illegalIndex
{
public:
illegalIndex(string theMessage = "Illegal index")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// matrix index out of bounds
class matrixIndexOutOfBounds
{
public:
matrixIndexOutOfBounds
(string theMessage = "Matrix index out of bounds")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// matrix size mismatch
class matrixSizeMismatch
{
public:
matrixSizeMismatch(string theMessage =
"The size of the two matrics doesn't match")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// stack is empty
class stackEmpty
{
public:
stackEmpty(string theMessage =
"Invalid operation on empty stack")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// queue is empty
class queueEmpty
{
public:
queueEmpty(string theMessage =
"Invalid operation on empty queue")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// hash table is full
class hashTableFull
{
public:
hashTableFull(string theMessage =
"The hash table is full")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// edge weight undefined
class undefinedEdgeWeight
{
public:
undefinedEdgeWeight(string theMessage =
"No edge weights defined")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
// method undefined
class undefinedMethod
{
public:
undefinedMethod(string theMessage =
"This method is undefined")
{message = theMessage;}
void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
private:
string message;
};
#endif
