源码：

# 参考网址： https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42286052/article/details/129532631
import os.path
import sys
from PySide6.QtWidgets import QApplication,QMainWindow,QHBoxLayout,QVBoxLayout,QPushButton,QTreeWidget,QTreeWidgetItem,QTreeWidgetItemIterator
from PySide6.QtGui import QStandardItemModel,QStandardItem
from QTreeWidgetUi import Ui_MainWindow
from PySide6.QtCore import Qt,QAbstractItemModel
import configparser

class ParseNone():
    def __init__(self,fileName):
        self.config_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), fileName)
        self.config_ini = configparser.ConfigParser()
        self.config_ini.read(self.config_path,encoding="utf-8")


# parser = ParseNone("config.ini")



class TreeWidgetDemo(QMainWindow,Ui_MainWindow):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(TreeWidgetDemo, self).__init__(parent)
        self.setWindowTitle('TreeWidget 例子')
        self.setupUi(self)
        self.Listener()

        self.config = ParseNone("config.ini")

        self.tree = self.treeWidget
        self.tree.setHeaderLabels(['中国省份城市'])
        # 设置列数
        self.tree.setColumnCount(1)
        self.tree.setColumnWidth(0, 100)

        self.preview = QTreeWidgetItem(self.tree)  # 实例化一个项目。参数：指定父类
        self.preview.setText(0, '中国')
        self.preview.setCheckState(0, Qt.Unchecked)

        for root in self.config.config_ini.sections():
            items = self.config.config_ini.items(root)
            parent = QTreeWidgetItem(self.preview)
            parent.setText(0, root)
            parent.setCheckState(0, Qt.CheckState.Unchecked)
            for item in items:
                node = QTreeWidgetItem(parent)
                node.setText(0,item[1])
                node.setCheckState(0,Qt.Unchecked)
        # 参数1 复选框的位置 列序号
        # Qt.Unchecked   没选中
        # Qt.Checked    选中
        # Qt.PartiallyChecked   部分选中

        # self.tree.expandAll()
        # 让所有的项都是以打开状态显示的。注意必须要在所有项都已经实例化好之后再调用该方法，如果一开始就调用则会没有效果

        self.tree.itemClicked.connect(self.handleChanged)

    # def handleChanged(self, item, column):
    #     count = item.childCount()
    #     if item.checkState(column) == Qt.CheckState.Checked:
    #         for i in range(count):
    #             if item.child(i).checkState(0) != Qt.CheckState.Checked:
    #                 item.child(i).setCheckState(0,Qt.CheckState.Checked)
    #
    #     if item.checkState(column) == Qt.CheckState.Unchecked:
    #         for i in range(count):
    #             if item.child(i).checkState(0) != Qt.CheckState.Unchecked:
    #                 item.child(i).setCheckState(0,Qt.CheckState.Unchecked)

    def updateParentItems(self,item,column):
        parent = item.parent()
        if parent == None: return
        parent.setCheckState(column, item.checkState(column))
        count = parent.childCount()
        for i in range(count):
            child = parent.child(i)
            if child.checkState(column) != parent.checkState(column):
                parent.setCheckState(column, Qt.CheckState.PartiallyChecked)
                break

        self.updateParentItems(parent, column)

    def updateChildItems(self, item, column):
        count = item.childCount()
        for i in range(count):
            child = item.child(i)
            child.setCheckState(column,item.checkState(column))
            if child.childCount() > 0:
                self.updateChildItems(child, column)

    def handleChanged(self, item, column):
        # 注意，一定要先设置子节点，在设置父节点，不然现象比较奇怪
        self.updateChildItems(item, column)
        self.updateParentItems(item, column)
        self.GetSelectedNode(item, column)

    def GetSelectedNode(self,item, column):
        iterator = QTreeWidgetItemIterator(item)
        while iterator.value():
            item = iterator.value()
            # print(item.parent())
            if item.checkState(column) == Qt.CheckState.Checked:
                print(item.text(column))
                pass
            iterator +=1

    def traverse(self):
        """遍历节点"""
        n = self.treeWidget.topLevelItemCount()  # 获取根节点数量
        for i in range(0, n):
            item = self.treeWidget.topLevelItem(i)  # 循环获取根节点
            text = item.text(0)  # 根节点文字信息（默认一列）

            count = item.childCount()  # 获取当前根节点的子节点数量
            if count != 0:
                for j in range(0, count):
                    string = item.child(j).text(0)  # 子节点的文字信息
                    print(string)

    def Listener(self):
        # 按钮的信号槽连接
        self.pushButton_add.clicked.connect(self.addTreeNodeBtn)
        self.pushButton_del.clicked.connect(self.delTreeNodeBtn)
        self.pushButton_modify.clicked.connect(self.updateTreeNodeBtn)


    def onTreeClicked(self, qmodelindex):
        item = self.tree.currentItem()
        print("key=%s ,value=%s" % (item.text(0), item.text(1)))

    def addTreeNodeBtn(self):
        item = self.tree.currentItem()
        print(item.parent(), item.childCount())
        node = QTreeWidgetItem(item)
        node.setText(0, 'newNode')
        node.setText(1, '10')

    def updateTreeNodeBtn(self):
        print('--- updateTreeNodeBtn ---')
        item = self.tree.currentItem()
        item.setText(0, 'updateNode')
        item.setText(1, '20')

    def delTreeNodeBtn(self):
        print('--- delTreeNodeBtn ---')
        item = self.tree.currentItem()
        root = self.tree.invisibleRootItem()
        for item in self.tree.selectedItems():
            (item.parent() or root).removeChild(item)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    tree = TreeWidgetDemo()
    tree.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

[中国]
node1 = 北京
node2 = 上海
node3 = 重庆
node4 = 天津
node5 = 广东

[广东]
node1 = 广州
node2 = 深圳
node3 = 东莞

[贵州]
node1 = 贵阳
node2 = 遵义
node3 = 安顺