超级聚合，是在group by的基础上，再次进行聚合。
它再次聚合的列，是select中没有用到聚合函数的列。

---

例子1

mysql> SELECT year, country, product, SUM(profit) AS profit
       FROM sales
       GROUP BY year, country, product;
+------+---------+------------+--------+
| year | country | product    | profit |
+------+---------+------------+--------+
| 2000 | Finland | Computer   |   1500 |
| 2000 | Finland | Phone      |    100 |
| 2000 | India   | Calculator |    150 |
| 2000 | India   | Computer   |   1200 |
| 2000 | USA     | Calculator |     75 |
| 2000 | USA     | Computer   |   1500 |
| 2001 | Finland | Phone      |     10 |
| 2001 | USA     | Calculator |     50 |
| 2001 | USA     | Computer   |   2700 |
| 2001 | USA     | TV         |    250 |
+------+---------+------------+--------+

mysql> SELECT year, country, product, SUM(profit) AS profit
       FROM sales
       GROUP BY year, country, product WITH ROLLUP;
+------+---------+------------+--------+
| year | country | product    | profit |
+------+---------+------------+--------+
| 2000 | Finland | Computer   |   1500 |
| 2000 | Finland | Phone      |    100 |
| 2000 | Finland | NULL       |   1600 |
| 2000 | India   | Calculator |    150 |
| 2000 | India   | Computer   |   1200 |
| 2000 | India   | NULL       |   1350 |
| 2000 | USA     | Calculator |     75 |
| 2000 | USA     | Computer   |   1500 |
| 2000 | USA     | NULL       |   1575 |
| 2000 | NULL    | NULL       |   4525 |
| 2001 | Finland | Phone      |     10 |
| 2001 | Finland | NULL       |     10 |
| 2001 | USA     | Calculator |     50 |
| 2001 | USA     | Computer   |   2700 |
| 2001 | USA     | TV         |    250 |
| 2001 | USA     | NULL       |   3000 |
| 2001 | NULL    | NULL       |   3010 |
| NULL | NULL    | NULL       |   7535 |
+------+---------+------------+--------+

解释

with rollup的工作原理就是在group by分组后，进行超级聚合。
它针对的是在group by后面出现的列，会把他们设置成null，表示不对这一列进行统计。
从最左边开始，找到不同的列值，把他们设置成null

例子2

SELECT year, country, product, SUM(profit) AS profit
FROM sales
GROUP BY country, year, product

超级聚合 with rollup后，

表以及数据

/*
Navicat MySQL Data Transfer

Source Server         : demo
Source Server Version : 50733
Source Host           : localhost:3306
Source Database       : demo

Target Server Type    : MYSQL
Target Server Version : 50733
File Encoding         : 65001

Date: 2023-09-27 00:22:21
*/

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `sales`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sales`;
CREATE TABLE `sales` (
  `country` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `year` varchar(4) DEFAULT NULL,
  `product` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `profit` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=11 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of sales
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `sales` VALUES ('Finland', '2000', 'Computer', '1500', '1');
INSERT INTO `sales` VALUES ('Finland', '2000', 'Phone', '100', '2');
INSERT INTO `sales` VALUES ('India', '2000', 'Calculator', '150', '3');
INSERT INTO `sales` VALUES ('India', '2000', 'Computer', '1200', '4');
INSERT INTO `sales` VALUES ('USA', '2000', 'Calculator', '75', '5');
INSERT INTO `sales` VALUES ('USA', '2000', 'Computer', '1500', '6');
INSERT INTO `sales` VALUES ('Finland', '2001', 'Phone', '10', '7');
INSERT INTO `sales` VALUES ('USA', '2001', 'Calculator', '50', '8');
INSERT INTO `sales` VALUES ('USA', '2001', 'Computer', '2700', '9');
INSERT INTO `sales` VALUES ('USA', '2001', 'TV', '250', '10');