Paper的组成部分包括了正文以及结尾,不过Paper整体印象很大程度上是由Paper开头段决定的。然而,写好Paper开头并不是一件不费吹灰之力的事。那么,Paper开头怎么写?接下来就让小编来给大家讲解几个写Paper开头的方法,希望对大家有所启发。
Paper开头段落主要是向读者讲述某个主题,与此同时,指明这个主题的主旨并将其作为整个论文的指导。Paper开篇点题,并在此基础上形成一种特定的语境,由此搭建论文的基本骨架。举个例子,如果需要以The Truth of Thanksgiving(关于感恩节的真相)为题来写一篇论文,你可以介绍这个节日的来源和历史背景或谈起当前社会对这个节日的争议。
这里有一点是需要大家格外注意的,Paper开头段一定要让受众,也就是要读者搞清楚论文主题的关键问题是什么。无论以哪种方式开头,论文的第一段都要清晰地阐述所写论文内容的思路,这样读者才能在看完开头段之后就明白论文写的“是什么”和“为什么”,也就是你写作的论文的主题和写作论文的意义。
言归正传,Paper开头如何写?这里介绍一些实用的方法:可以用具体的数据来引出主题或者以引文的方式写出所要论述的主题,还可以是一张图片或者是一则笑话。但不论选择何种方式,Paper开头段必须要突出关键点。看完这篇文章的同学要始终牢记两个字:直白!比如老师提出问题要你回答你对公立学校祈祷仪式的看法,切记不要扯远了,从介绍世界上的各种宗教开始,这样就会违背“直白”的原则。
以“提出问题——做出解答”的方式
“提出问题——做出回答”是开始写作的方式之一,下面给出两种方法供大家参考:
在回答问题的时候,给出几个解决问题的方法,为得出你想要的结论,可以采用全方位多方面的分析;
在提出问题后马上给出一个答案,然后用充足的论据来支持你给出的答案。请看下面的例子:
“What is the charm of necklaces?Why would anyone put something extra around their neck and then invest it with special significance?A necklace doesn't afford warmth in cold weather,like a scarf,or protection in combat,like chain mail;it only decorates.”(Emily R.Grosholz,"On Necklaces."Prairie Schooner,Summer 2007)
采用改述题目的方式
另外一种论文开头段的方法是改述题目。这种方法表面上很容易,但实际操作起来却很难。但是,先别着急,我们来告诉你具体要怎么做。
首先弄明白题目的关键词,可以采取列出关键词的方法;
其次用相近意思的词语对这些列出的关键词进行替换;
在Paper写作开头使用肯定的表达来描述自己的观点,就好比下面这个例子:
Some people claim that traffic is becoming an increasing problem in Wildwood.There is a popular opinion that the only way to solve this problem is to propose new regulations for traffic and parking for Wildwood.Do you think that new regulations are an effective way to solve traffic problem?To what degree?
1.traffic is becoming an increasing problem(交通问题日益严重);
-only way is to propose new regulations for traffic and parking(唯一的途径是提出新的交通和停车规定);
-new regulations are an effective way?(新的规定是不是一个有效的方式?)。
2.people are not satisfied with current traffic;
-the government should make some changes to traffic system in Wildwood.
3.The traffic problem will not disappear unless the government makes some changes to traffic system in Wildwood.
Paper开头写作方法
对题目中的观点进行具体分析的方式
同学们经常在刚拿到题目的时候就有了自己的观点,这个观点已经明确表示了为什么,什么事,怎么做,做什么:
Some people have suggested that public libraries should be shut down and,in their place,everyone should be given an iPad with an e-reader subscription.Other people would argue that it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with digital devises.Discuss both views and give your opinions.
主题:public libraries and digital devises;
观点一:close public libraries and give everyone an iPad with an e-reader subscription;
观点二:we should not replace libraries with digital devices,because they can cause numerous health problems;
做什么:discuss both views;
怎么做:give your opinions.
到这一步,我们已经可以开始系统性的分析Paper写作了。通常在这个时候,要从一个观点着手,给出自己对这个观点的想法,随后对观点二进行分析:
It’s a good idea to replace libraries with digital devices,it will encourage more people to read because they won’t have to travel to a library to get a book.
我们想让大家注意的是,要着重分析“目的”和“方法”。在分析题目的时候,“目的”和“方法”既专业又简单的途径:只需要将顺序进行简单的替换。
目的——encourage more people to read;
方法——replace libraries with digital devices.
综上,开头段就可以这样写:
As online learning becomes more common and more and more resources are converted to digital form,so it may be a good idea to replace libraries with digital devices.It will encourage more people to read because they won’t have to travel to a library to get a book.They could also access more materials because libraries won’t have to buy physical copies of books;they can simply rent out as many digital copies as they need.
最后,所谓“印象分”在Paper开头段也占着很大的比重:以一个专业教授的角度来看,论文开头写的越好,越引人入胜,就让人对它的印象越深刻。由是,在论文创作过程中不要忘记保持幽默感,适当的使用神秘、有意思或不一般的故事,提升读者的兴趣。
写到这里可能有人会问我们:Paper开头段需要写多少呢?说实话,论文开头的长度与整篇文章的长度是有着紧密联系的。比如整篇论文共五页,论文开头应该控制在两三段以内;同理,整篇论文共十页时,论文开头应控制在两页以内。