系列文章目录

华为数通学习（7）

前言

一，静态路由配置

二，网络地址配置

AR1的配置：

AR2的配置：

AR3的配置：

三，测试是否连通

AR1的配置:

讲解：

AR2的配置：

讲解：

四，AR3配置回环ip地址

讲解：

五，配置静态路由表

AR1的配置:

讲解：

AR2的配置：

AR3的配置：

六，测试回环地址是否能通

AR1的配置:

讲解：

AR3的配置：

讲解：

八，使AR1可以ping通AR3的回环地址

讲解：

九，沉默路由的配置及其测试

清除配置的静态路由：

查看AR1是否有静态路由表

写一个静态路由

ping回环路由是可以通过的

查看AR1的静态路由表

测试通过

清除配置

测试不通

十，所有路由器的路由表的配置

总结

前言

随着华为公司的不断发展，数据通信这门技术也越来越重要，很多人都开启了数据通信学习，本文就介绍了静态路由配置实验，是我们通过数通王国的第十五站（我们在文章中使用的是华为的ENSP软件）。

一，静态路由配置

二，网络地址配置

AR1的配置：

网络地址配置：

<ar1>sys

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[ar1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[ar1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.12.1 24

[ar1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Aug 30 2023 19:32:27-08:00 ar1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

[ar1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

AR2的配置：

网络地址配置：

<Huawei>sys

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sys

[Huawei]sysname ar2

[ar2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[ar2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.12.2 24

[ar2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1

[ar2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.23.2 24

AR3的配置：

网络地址配置：

<Huawei>sys

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sys

[Huawei]sysname ar3

[ar3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[ar3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.23.3 24

[ar3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

Aug 30 2023 19:36:50-08:00 ar3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.

[ar3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

三，测试是否连通

AR1的配置:

[ar1]ping 10.1.23.2

  PING 10.1.23.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

  --- 10.1.23.2 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    0 packet(s) received

    100.00% packet loss

讲解：

不通是因为AR1和AR3处在同的网段

AR2的配置：

[ar2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ping 10.1.12.1

  PING 10.1.12.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Reply from 10.1.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=260 ms

    Reply from 10.1.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms

    Reply from 10.1.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms

    Reply from 10.1.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms

    Reply from 10.1.12.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

  --- 10.1.12.1 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    5 packet(s) received

    0.00% packet loss

    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/70/260 ms

讲解：

AR2可以ping通AR1是因为是直连路由

四，AR3配置回环ip地址

[ar3]interface LoopBack 1

[ar3-LoopBack1]ip address 1.1.1.1 32

[ar3-LoopBack1]interface LoopBack 2

[ar3-LoopBack2]ip address 2.2.2.2 32

[ar3-LoopBack2]interface LoopBack 3

[ar3-LoopBack3]ip address 3.3.3.3 32

讲解：

任何访问回环地址的AR3都会回复.

五，配置静态路由表

AR1的配置:

[ar1]display ip routing-table 3.3.3.3

[ar1]ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 10.1.12.2

[ar1]display ip routing-table 3.3.3.3

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Table : Public

Summary Count : 1

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        3.3.3.3/32  Static  60   0           D   10.1.12.2       GigabitEthernet0/0/0

讲解：

可以看到外面在AR1中写了一个目的ip地址为3.3.3.3 32 ，接入口为GigabitEthernet 0/0/0，下一跳的IP地址是10.1.12.2的路由表

AR2的配置：

添加一个路由

[ar2]ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 10.1.23.3

查看已添加的路由

[ar2]display current-configuration | include ip rou

ip route-static 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.1.23.3

AR3的配置：

添加和查看的路由

[ar3]ip route-static 10.1.12.0 24 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 10.1.23.2

[ar3]display ip routing-table 10.1.12.1

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Table : Public

Summary Count : 1

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

10.1.12.0/24 Static 60 0 D 10.1.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1

查看路由的总数：

[ar3]display current-configuration | include ip rou

ip route-static 10.1.12.0 255.255.255.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.1.23.2

六，测试回环地址是否能通

AR1的配置:

[ar1]ping 3.3.3.3

  PING 3.3.3.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

  --- 3.3.3.3 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    0 packet(s) received

    100.00% packet loss

讲解：

不通是因为没有回包

AR3的配置：

<ar3>ping 1.1.1.1

  PING 1.1.1.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=20 ms

    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 ms

    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms

    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 ms

    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms

  --- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    5 packet(s) received

    0.00% packet loss

    round-trip min/avg/max = 1/4/20 ms

讲解：

证明回环地址是正常的

八，使AR1可以ping通AR3的回环地址

[ar1]ip route-static 10.1.23.0 24 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 10.1.12.2

[ar1]ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 10.1.12.2

[ar1]ip route-static 2.2.2.2 32 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 10.1.12.2

讲解：

为AR1配置三个路由，让AR1可以ping通AR3的回环地址

ping通过了

[ar1]ping 1.1.1.1

  PING 1.1.1.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=40 ms

    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=30 ms

    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=20 ms

    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=40 ms

    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=30 ms

  --- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    5 packet(s) received

    0.00% packet loss

    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/32/40 ms

九，沉默路由的配置及其测试

清除配置的静态路由：

[ar1]undo ip route-static all

Warning: This operation may lead to the deletion of all the public IPv4 static routes and their configurations. Continue? [Y/N]:y

查看AR1是否有静态路由表

[ar1]dis ip routing-table protocol static

写一个静态路由

[ar1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 10.1.12.2

ping回环路由是可以通过的

[ar1]ping 1.1.1.1

  PING 1.1.1.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=40 ms

    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=30 ms

    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=40 ms

    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=20 ms

    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=30 ms

  --- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    5 packet(s) received

    0.00% packet loss

    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/32/40 ms

查看AR1的静态路由表

[ar1]display ip routing-table protocol static

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Public routing table : Static

         Destinations : 1        Routes : 1        Configured Routes : 1

Static routing table status : <Active>

         Destinations : 1        Routes : 1

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0           D   10.1.12.2       GigabitEthernet0/0/0

Static routing table status : <Inactive>

         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

测试通过

[ar1]ping -c 1 1.1.1.1

  PING 1.1.1.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=30 ms

  --- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics ---

    1 packet(s) transmitted

    1 packet(s) received

    0.00% packet loss

    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/30/30 ms

清除配置

[ar1]undo ip route-static all

Warning: This operation may lead to the deletion of all the public IPv4 static routes and their configurations. Continue? [Y/N]:y

Aug 30 2023 20:48:15-08:00 ar1 %%01RM/4/IPV4_DEFT_RT_CHG(l)[0]:IPV4 default Route is changed. (ChangeType=Delete, InstanceId=0, Protocol=Static, ExitIf=GigabitEthernet0/0/0, Nexthop=10.1.12.2, Neighbour=0.0.0.0, Preference=1006632960, Label=NULL, Metric=0)

测试不通

[ar1]ping -c 1 3.3.3.3

  PING 3.3.3.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Request time out

  --- 3.3.3.3 ping statistics ---

    1 packet(s) transmitted

    0 packet(s) received

    100.00% packet loss

[ar1]ping -c 1 1.1.1.1

  PING 1.1.1.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Request time out

  --- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics ---

    1 packet(s) transmitted

    0 packet(s) received

    100.00% packet loss

十，所有路由器的路由表的配置

AR1写的路由

ip route-static 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.12.2

ip route-static 10.1.23.0 24 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 10.1.12.2

ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 10.1.12.2

ip route-static 2.2.2.2 32 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 10.1.12.2

AR2写的路由

ip route-static 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.1.23.3

ip route-static 2.2.2.2 32 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 10.1.23.3

ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 10.1.23.3

AR3写的路由

ip route-static 10.1.12.0 255.255.255.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.1.23.2