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前言

Django 快速建立图书借书系统

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提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考

一、Django是什么？

Django是高水准的Python编程语言驱动的一个开源模型．视图，控制器风格的Web应用程序框架，它起源于开源社区。使用这种架构，程序员可以方便、快捷地创建高品质、易维护、数据库驱动的应用程序。这也正是OpenStack的Horizon组件采用这种架构进行设计的主要原因。另外，在Dj ango框架中，还包含许多功能强大的第三方插件，使得Django具有较强的可扩展性  。Django 项目源自一个在线新闻 Web 站点。Django 框架的核心组件有：

1. 用于创建模型的对象关系映射；

2. 为最终用户设计较好的管理界面；

3. URL 设计；

4. 设计者友好的模板语言；

5. 缓存系统。

二、django安装

1.安装

代码如下（示例）：

pip install django

2.需要的pip list 安装

代码如下（示例）：

dj-database-url==0.5.0
Django==4.0.2
gunicorn==20.1.0
psycopg2-binary==2.9.3
wheel==0.37.1
whitenoise==6.0.0

三、django 建立图书馆管理系统

1.建立项目

代码如下（示例）：

django-admin startproject locallibrary

建立项目locallibrary

 

2.参加APP

python manage.py startapp catalog

urls.py 是后来进行创建。 

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先建立models.py文件

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

from django.urls import reverse  # To generate URLS by reversing URL patterns


class Genre(models.Model):
    """Model representing a book genre (e.g. Science Fiction, Non Fiction)."""
    name = models.CharField(
        max_length=200,
        help_text="Enter a book genre (e.g. Science Fiction, French Poetry etc.)"
        )

    def __str__(self):
        """String for representing the Model object (in Admin site etc.)"""
        return self.name


class Language(models.Model):
    """Model representing a Language (e.g. English, French, Japanese, etc.)"""
    name = models.CharField(max_length=200,
                            help_text="Enter the book's natural language (e.g. English, French, Japanese etc.)")

    def __str__(self):
        """String for representing the Model object (in Admin site etc.)"""
        return self.name


class Book(models.Model):
    """Model representing a book (but not a specific copy of a book)."""
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    author = models.ForeignKey('Author', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
    # Foreign Key used because book can only have one author, but authors can have multiple books
    # Author as a string rather than object because it hasn't been declared yet in file.
    summary = models.TextField(max_length=1000, help_text="Enter a brief description of the book")
    isbn = models.CharField('ISBN', max_length=13,
                            unique=True,
                            help_text='13 Character <a href="https://www.isbn-international.org/content/what-isbn'
                                      '">ISBN number</a>')
    genre = models.ManyToManyField(Genre, help_text="Select a genre for this book")
    # ManyToManyField used because a genre can contain many books and a Book can cover many genres.
    # Genre class has already been defined so we can specify the object above.
    language = models.ForeignKey('Language', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
    
    class Meta:
        ordering = ['title', 'author']

    def display_genre(self):
        """Creates a string for the Genre. This is required to display genre in Admin."""
        return ', '.join([genre.name for genre in self.genre.all()[:3]])

    display_genre.short_description = 'Genre'

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        """Returns the url to access a particular book instance."""
        return reverse('book-detail', args=[str(self.id)])

    def __str__(self):
        """String for representing the Model object."""
        return self.title


import uuid  # Required for unique book instances
from datetime import date

from django.contrib.auth.models import User  # Required to assign User as a borrower


class BookInstance(models.Model):
    """Model representing a specific copy of a book (i.e. that can be borrowed from the library)."""
    id = models.UUIDField(primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4,
                          help_text="Unique ID for this particular book across whole library")
    book = models.ForeignKey('Book', on_delete=models.RESTRICT, null=True)
    imprint = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    due_back = models.DateField(null=True, blank=True)
    borrower = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True, blank=True)

    @property
    def is_overdue(self):
        """Determines if the book is overdue based on due date and current date."""
        return bool(self.due_back and date.today() > self.due_back)

    LOAN_STATUS = (
        ('d', 'Maintenance'),
        ('o', 'On loan'),
        ('a', 'Available'),
        ('r', 'Reserved'),
    )

    status = models.CharField(
        max_length=1,
        choices=LOAN_STATUS,
        blank=True,
        default='d',
        help_text='Book availability')

    class Meta:
        ordering = ['due_back']
        permissions = (("can_mark_returned", "Set book as returned"),)

    def __str__(self):
        """String for representing the Model object."""
        return '{0} ({1})'.format(self.id, self.book.title)


class Author(models.Model):
    """Model representing an author."""
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    date_of_birth = models.DateField(null=True, blank=True)
    date_of_death = models.DateField('died', null=True, blank=True)

    class Meta:
        ordering = ['last_name', 'first_name']

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        """Returns the url to access a particular author instance."""
        return reverse('author-detail', args=[str(self.id)])

    def __str__(self):
        """String for representing the Model object."""
        return '{0}, {1}'.format(self.last_name, self.first_name)

建立数据库sqllite的数据库

python3 manage.py makemigrations
python3 manage.py migrate

 建立用user的createsuper 超级用户

图书后台管理系统

作者类、图书、图书借、类型、图书语言

进入Admin的输入必要数据

新建作者

新建图书

 新建类型

 新建语言

借书 

后台建立5个基本数据，目前建立一个1本书

图书管理系统页面 

 

作者列表

 已借图书列表

 我借的图书列表

 图书管理系统

总结

图书管理系统，用django 快速生成的增加修改删除，数据库也是内置的数据库