1.安装docker服务，配置镜像加速器
2.下载系统镜像（Ubuntu、 centos）
3.基于下载的镜像创建两个容器（容器名一个为自己名字全拼，一个为首名字字母）
4.容器的启动、停止及重启操作
5.怎么查看正在运行的容器和所有容器？
6.怎么退出容器：两种方法分别实现？
7.怎么连接到运行的容器？
8.查看容器或镜像的内部信息？
9.如何查看所有镜像？

1.安装docker服务，配置镜像加速器

1.安装docker

1.安装工具

2.配置软件源

3.修改软件源配置

4.下载docker

5.设置开机docker自启

2.配置加速器

2.下载系统镜像（Ubuntu、 centos）

3.基于下载的镜像创建两个容器（容器名一个为自己名字全拼，一个为首名字字母）

4.容器的启动、停止及重启操作

停止：

启动：

重启：

进入容器

5.怎么查看正在运行的容器和所有容器？

查看在运行的容器：

查看所有容器：

6.怎么退出容器：两种方法分别实现？

进入容器

退出：

第一种：exit

第二种： ctrl+d / ctrl+q

7.怎么连接到运行的容器？

1.使用dockers exec

2.使用nsenter命令

8.查看容器或镜像的内部信息？

查看容器内部信息：

查看镜像的详细信息：

9.如何查看所有镜像？

1.安装docker服务，配置镜像加速器

1.安装docker

1.安装工具

[root@bogon]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

2.配置软件源

[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
adding repo from: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

3.修改软件源配置

[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

4.下载docker

yum makecache fast
yum -y install docker-ce

5.设置开机docker自启

[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable docker.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

2.配置加速器

2.下载系统镜像（Ubuntu、 centos）

3.基于下载的镜像创建两个容器（容器名一个为自己名字全拼，一个为首名字字母）

4.容器的启动、停止及重启操作

停止：

启动：

重启：

进入容器

[root@bogon ~]# docker exec -it wangjiasheng /bin/bash
root@dec77c79bb91:/#

5.怎么查看正在运行的容器和所有容器？

我又创建了一个容器，然后停止它，现在有三个容器，两个在运行

查看在运行的容器：

查看所有容器：

6.怎么退出容器：两种方法分别实现？

进入容器

[root@bogon ~]# docker exec -it wjs /bin/bash
[root@37934146b020 /]#

退出：

第一种：exit

第二种： ctrl+d / ctrl+q

7.怎么连接到运行的容器？

1.使用dockers exec

使用 docker exec 命令：docker exec 命令用于在正在运行的容器内执行命令。你可以使用该命令在容器内部打开一个新的终端，并与容器进行交互。需要指定容器的名称或容器ID作为参数。例如：

docker exec -it <容器名称或ID> /bin/bash

[root@bogon ~]# docker exec -it wjs /bin/bash
[root@37934146b020 /]#

2.使用nsenter命令

使用 nsenter 命令：nsenter 是一个能够进入到命名空间的工具，可以用来连接到已经运行的容器。首先，获取容器的PID，可以使用 docker inspect 命令来查找容器的PID。然后，使用 nsenter 命令以附加模式连接到容器。例如：

docker inspect --format '{{.State.Pid}}' <容器名称或ID>

sudo nsenter -t <容器PID> -m -u -i -n -p /bin/bash

这将在容器内部打开一个新的 Bash 终端，并允许你直接与容器进行交互。

以上方法中，使用 -it 参数可以实现交互式的终端连接，/bin/bash 是默认的 shell，可以根据容器内部的配置来选择其他 shell。

8.查看容器或镜像的内部信息？

查看容器内部信息：

docker inspect <容器名或容器ID>

查看镜像的详细信息：
```
docker inspect <镜像名或镜像ID>
```

[root@bogon ~]# docker inspect wjs
[
{
"Id": "37934146b020fb100745bc1eba71cd7bf308c359d7579e3c5e39d4e7d1c59dfe",
"Created": "2023-08-22T04:19:02.012900892Z",
"Path": "tail",
"Args": [
"-f",
"/dev/null"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 22691,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2023-08-22T04:26:50.368763608Z",
"FinishedAt": "2023-08-22T04:26:30.072680729Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/37934146b020fb100745bc1eba71cd7bf308c359d7579e3c5e39d4e7d1c59dfe/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/37934146b020fb100745bc1eba71cd7bf308c359d7579e3c5e39d4e7d1c59dfe/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/37934146b020fb100745bc1eba71cd7bf308c359d7579e3c5e39d4e7d1c59dfe/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/37934146b020fb100745bc1eba71cd7bf308c359d7579e3c5e39d4e7d1c59dfe/37934146b020fb100745bc1eba71cd7bf308c359d7579e3c5e39d4e7d1c59dfe-json.log",
"Name": "/wjs",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"ConsoleSize": [
30,
131
],
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": [],
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [],
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [],
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1c8fa53cb5774d432afacb27ace74f15bf053966cc480357fe3feaf9582dc8fc-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7692b11868e643af69f4cb7f2b6806bbdff5d36921549553ba617d55521ff777/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1c8fa53cb5774d432afacb27ace74f15bf053966cc480357fe3feaf9582dc8fc/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1c8fa53cb5774d432afacb27ace74f15bf053966cc480357fe3feaf9582dc8fc/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1c8fa53cb5774d432afacb27ace74f15bf053966cc480357fe3feaf9582dc8fc/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "37934146b020",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"tail",
"-f",
"/dev/null"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "f3e4d3e233d000db9765b1cd229a27356f38d7b6988461a5fcc67cadd17dbb73",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/f3e4d3e233d0",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "ae718c71a7b0a34a86f7abb16968822e7536c97935735be45c18217268f7bbc5",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "5ed9b172b2fc6996976796777f5e744c1637d56e274d65c89ada062140a5517f",
"EndpointID": "ae718c71a7b0a34a86f7abb16968822e7536c97935735be45c18217268f7bbc5",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]

[root@bogon ~]# docker inspect ubuntu
[
{
"Id": "sha256:01f29b872827fa6f9aed0ea0b2ede53aea4ad9d66c7920e81a8db6d1fd9ab7f9",
"RepoTags": [
"ubuntu:latest"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"ubuntu@sha256:ec050c32e4a6085b423d36ecd025c0d3ff00c38ab93a3d71a460ff1c44fa6d77"
],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2023-08-04T04:53:00.244301537Z",
"Container": "822f331d59eb72d1131a8a5fcb2b935c8110114c22be26c8572d9881dcff31e0",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "822f331d59eb",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"/bin/bash\"]"
],
"Image": "sha256:22d9eb9a70973f7eb625681c244522dad0bf3b4f8e9ea75977b09d8551364a19",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.opencontainers.image.ref.name": "ubuntu",
"org.opencontainers.image.version": "22.04"
}
},
"DockerVersion": "20.10.21",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "sha256:22d9eb9a70973f7eb625681c244522dad0bf3b4f8e9ea75977b09d8551364a19",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.opencontainers.image.ref.name": "ubuntu",
"org.opencontainers.image.version": "22.04"
}
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 77823376,
"VirtualSize": 77823376,
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3b08437e6dca565278fd044216e06ea14f43fe8e7e14270857021f739be3daf2/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3b08437e6dca565278fd044216e06ea14f43fe8e7e14270857021f739be3daf2/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3b08437e6dca565278fd044216e06ea14f43fe8e7e14270857021f739be3daf2/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:bce45ce613d34bff6a3404a4c2d56a5f72640f804c3d0bd67e2cf0bf97cb950c"
]
},
"Metadata": {
"LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
}
]

9.如何查看所有镜像？

使用以下命令查看所有已下载的镜像：
docker images

[root@bogon ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu latest 01f29b872827 2 weeks ago 77.8MB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 23 months ago 231MB
nginx 1.14-alpine 8a2fb25a19f5 4 years ago 16MB