实现效果

/**
 * cron转换中文工具类
 *
 * @author lixuan
 */
public class CronUtil {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CronUtil.class);

    /**
     * cron中文表达式
     */
    private static final List<ValueLabelPair> HOUR_LIST = generateValueLabelPairs(0, 23);
    private static final List<ValueLabelPair> MINUTES_LIST = generateValueLabelPairs(0, 59);
    private static final List<ValueLabelPair> DATE_LIST = generateDateValueLabelPairs(1, 31);

    public static String convertToChineseExpression(String cronExpression) {
        String result = "";
        try {
            String[] arr = cronExpression.split(" ");
            int index = -1;
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
                if ("*".equals(arr[i]) || arr[i].contains("/")) {
                    index = i;
                    break;
                }
            }

            int n;
            String unit;
            if ("*".equals(arr[index])) {
                n = 1;
            } else {
                n = Integer.parseInt(arr[index].split("/")[1]);
            }
            switch (index) {
                case 0:
                    unit = "分";
                    break;
                case 1:
                    unit = "时";
                    break;
                case 2:
                    unit = "天";
                    break;
                case 3:
                    unit = "月";
                    break;
                case 4:
                    unit = "星期";
                    break;
                default:
                    unit = "";
                    break;
            }

            result = "每" + n + unit + "执行。";
            if ("月".equals(unit) || "天".equals(unit)) {
                String specifiedDays = expandDayAsSpecifiedValues(arr[2], DATE_LIST);
                //排序
                specifiedDays = updateSpecified(specifiedDays);
                if (!"".equals(specifiedDays) && !arr[2].contains("/")) {
                    result += "指定日：" + specifiedDays + "。";
                }
            }
            if (!"分".equals(unit) && !"时".equals(unit)) {
                String specifiedHours = expandSpecifiedValues(arr[1], HOUR_LIST);
                //排序
                specifiedHours = updateSpecified(specifiedHours);
                result += "指定时：" + specifiedHours + "。";
            }
            if (!"分".equals(unit)) {
                String specifiedMinutes = expandSpecifiedValues(arr[0], MINUTES_LIST);
                //排序
                specifiedMinutes = updateSpecified(specifiedMinutes);
                result += "指定分：" + specifiedMinutes + "。";
            }
            return result;
        } catch (NumberFormatException | IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
            LOGGER.error("cron表达式有误");
            return result;
        }
    }

    private static String updateSpecified(String specifiedDays) {
        String specified = "";
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(specifiedDays)) {
            List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(List.of(specifiedDays.split("、")));
            Collections.sort(list);
            specified = String.join("、", list);
        }
        return specified;
    }

    private static String expandSpecifiedValues(String value, List<ValueLabelPair> list) {
        if ("*".equals(value)) {
            return "";
        } else if (value.contains(",")) {
            String[] values = value.split(",");
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (String v : values) {
                if (v.contains("/")) {
                    String[] range = v.split("/");
                    int start = Integer.parseInt(range[0]);
                    int step = Integer.parseInt(range[1]);
                    for (int i = start; i < list.size(); i += step) {
                        sb.append(list.get(i).getLabel()).append("、");
                    }
                } else if (v.contains("-")) {
                    String[] range = v.split("-");
                    int start = Integer.parseInt(range[0]);
                    int end = Integer.parseInt(range[1]);
                    for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
                        sb.append(list.get(i).getLabel()).append("、");
                    }
                } else if ("L".equals(v)) {
                    sb.append(list.get(list.size() - 1).getLabel()).append("、");
                } else {
                    int index = Integer.parseInt(v);
                    sb.append(list.get(index).getLabel()).append("、");
                }
            }
            if (sb.length() > 0) {
                sb.setLength(sb.length() - 1);
            }
            return sb.toString();
        } else if (value.contains("/")) {
            String[] range = value.split("/");
            int start = Integer.parseInt(range[0]);
            int step = Integer.parseInt(range[1]);
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = start; i < list.size(); i += step) {
                sb.append(list.get(i).getLabel()).append("、");
            }
            if (sb.length() > 0) {
                sb.setLength(sb.length() - 1);
            }
            return sb.toString();
        } else if (value.contains("-")) {
            String[] range = value.split("-");
            int start = Integer.parseInt(range[0]);
            int end = Integer.parseInt(range[1]);
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
                sb.append(list.get(i).getLabel()).append("、");
            }
            if (sb.length() > 0) {
                sb.setLength(sb.length() - 1);
            }
            return sb.toString();
        } else if ("L".equals(value)) {
            return list.get(list.size() - 1).getLabel();
        } else {
            int index = Integer.parseInt(value);
            if (index < list.size()) {
                return list.get(index).getLabel();
            }
        }
        return "";
    }

    private static String expandDayAsSpecifiedValues(String value, List<ValueLabelPair> list) {
        if ("*".equals(value)) {
            return "";
        } else if (value.contains(",")) {
            String[] values = value.split(",");
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (String v : values) {
                if (v.contains("/")) {
                    String[] range = v.split("/");
                    int start = Integer.parseInt(range[0]);
                    int step = Integer.parseInt(range[1]);
                    for (int i = start; i <= list.size(); i += step) {
                        sb.append(list.get(i - 1).getLabel()).append("、");
                    }
                } else if (v.contains("-")) {
                    String[] range = v.split("-");
                    int start = Integer.parseInt(range[0]);
                    int end = Integer.parseInt(range[1]);
                    for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
                        sb.append(list.get(i - 1).getLabel()).append("、");
                    }
                } else if ("L".equals(v)) {
                    sb.append(list.get(list.size() - 1).getLabel()).append("、");
                } else {
                    int index = Integer.parseInt(v);
                    sb.append(list.get(index - 1).getLabel()).append("、");
                }
            }
            if (sb.length() > 0) {
                sb.setLength(sb.length() - 1);
            }
            return sb.toString();
        } else if (value.contains("/")) {
            String[] range = value.split("/");
            int start = Integer.parseInt(range[0]);
            int step = Integer.parseInt(range[1]);
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = start; i <= list.size(); i += step) {
                sb.append(list.get(i - 1).getLabel()).append("、");
            }
            if (sb.length() > 0) {
                sb.setLength(sb.length() - 1);
            }
            return sb.toString();
        } else if (value.contains("-")) {
            String[] range = value.split("-");
            int start = Integer.parseInt(range[0]);
            int end = Integer.parseInt(range[1]);
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
                sb.append(list.get(i - 1).getLabel()).append("、");
            }
            if (sb.length() > 0) {
                sb.setLength(sb.length() - 1);
            }
            return sb.toString();
        } else if ("L".equals(value)) {
            return list.get(list.size() - 1).getLabel();
        } else {
            int index = Integer.parseInt(value);
            if (index <= list.size()) {
                return list.get(index - 1).getLabel();
            }
        }
        return "";
    }

    public static List<ValueLabelPair> generateValueLabelPairs(int start, int end) {
        List<ValueLabelPair> valueLabelPairs = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
            String value = String.valueOf(i);
            String label = String.format("%02d", i);
            valueLabelPairs.add(new ValueLabelPair(value, label));
        }
        return valueLabelPairs;
    }

    public static List<ValueLabelPair> generateDateValueLabelPairs(int start, int end) {
        List<ValueLabelPair> valueLabelPairs = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
            String value = String.valueOf(i);
            String label = String.valueOf(i);
            valueLabelPairs.add(new ValueLabelPair(value, label));
        }
        valueLabelPairs.add(new ValueLabelPair("L", "最后一日"));
        return valueLabelPairs;
    }


    static class ValueLabelPair {
        private final String value;
        private final String label;

        public ValueLabelPair(String value, String label) {
            this.value = value;
            this.label = label;
        }

        public String getValue() {
            return value;
        }

        public String getLabel() {
            return label;
        }

    }

}