Dockfile简介

镜像是多层存储，每一层在前一层的基础上进行修改；

容器也是多层存储，以镜像为基础层，在其基础上加一层作为容器运行时的存储层。

官方提供的dockerfile实例

https://github.com/CentOS/CentOS-Dockerfiles

Dockerfile命令

Dockfile实践

需求，通过dockfile，构建nginx镜像，且运行容器后，生成页面显示“云原生基础，从零开始学Docker！”

编辑dockfile文件

[root@192 ~]# mkdir learn_docker
[root@192 learn_docker]# ls
[root@192 learn_docker]# cat dockerfile 
FROM nginx
RUN echo '<meta charset=utf8>云原生基础，从零开始学Docker！' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

根据dockfile构建镜像

[root@192 learn_docker]# docker build .

[root@192 learn_docker]# docker images 
REPOSITORY     TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
<none>         <none>    b268ad835d4c   12 minutes ago   187MB
nginx_hunter   latest    53807fe50cad   6 hours ago      187MB
nginx          latest    89da1fb6dcb9   31 hours ago     187MB

# 对其生成的镜像重命名 repository和tag
[root@192 learn_docker]# docker tag b268ad8 my_nginx
[root@192 learn_docker]# docker images 
REPOSITORY     TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
my_nginx       latest    b268ad835d4c   13 minutes ago   187MB
nginx_hunter   latest    53807fe50cad   6 hours ago      187MB
nginx          latest    89da1fb6dcb9   31 hours ago     187MB

根据构建镜像创建容器并运行

# 创建并启动nginx容器
[root@192 learn_docker]# docker run -d -p 86:80 --name my_nginx001 my_nginx
2c4ee3f20fff7f15af0b9ace26dc2c246810ef8240751849a9c4fc4bea8bf39a
[root@192 learn_docker]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS             PORTS                               NAMES
2c4ee3f20fff   my_nginx   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   5 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds       0.0.0.0:86->80/tcp, :::86->80/tcp   my_nginx001
6627aa9383d9   nginx      "/docker-entrypoint.…"   6 hours ago     Up About an hour   0.0.0.0:85->80/tcp, :::85->80/tcp   nginx001

验证结果

Dockfile构建一个网站镜像

这里以我之前关注过的一个前端框架Demo为例

文档地址：Vben Admin

打包前端框架，并上传至宿主机指定目录

[root@192 html]# pwd
/root/learn_docker/html
[root@192 html]# ls
# 这里就是我们打包好的前段静态文件
_app.config.js  assets  favicon.ico  index.html  logo.png  resource

编写dockfile

[root@192 learn_docker]# cat /root/learn_docker/dockerfile 

FROM nginx

MAINTAINER Hunter4J

COPY html/ /usr/share/nginx/html/

EXPOSE 5173

构建的nginx实例中，我使用的是默认的nginx.conf配置，文件位置在 /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

server {
    listen       80;
    listen  [::]:80;
    server_name  localhost;

    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    root           html;
    #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    #    include        fastcgi_params;
    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}

生成镜像

[root@192 learn_docker]# docker build -t myvben .

[root@192 learn_docker]# docker images 
REPOSITORY     TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
myvben         latest    fae1690423df   20 minutes ago   194MB

创建并运行容器

[root@192 learn_docker]# docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name myvben001 myvben
153421a01df490b70a238ed7706ded3d4e9efd2bf477e0c5497c4608a125dec2

[root@192 learn_docker]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                   NAMES
153421a01df4   myvben     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   3 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp   myvben001