Spring依赖注入方式
- 一、setter注入
- 1.1简单类型
- 1.2引用类型(基本数据类型与String)
- 二、构造器注入
- 1.1简单类型
- 1.2引用类型(基本数据类型与String)
- 三、依赖注入方式选择
- 四、自动装配
- 依赖自动装配特征
- 总结
一、setter注入
- 依赖注入,是IOC的一个方面,是个通常的概念,它有多种解释。这概念是说你不用创建对象,而只需要描述它如何被创建。你不在代码里直接组装你的组件和服务,但是要在配置文件里描述哪些组件需要哪些服务,之后一个容器(IOC容器)负责把他们组装起来。
1.1简单类型
- 配置中使用
property
标签ref
属性注入引用类型对象
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.practice.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl1"/>
<bean id="userDao" class="com.practice.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
<bean id="bookService" class="com.practice.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
<property name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
</bean>
</beans>
- 在bean中定义引用类型属性并提供可访问的
set
方法
package com.practice.service.impl;
import com.practice.dao.BookDao;
import com.practice.dao.UserDao;
import com.practice.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl1;
import com.practice.service.BookService;
/**
* @Author YJ
* @Date 2023/7/25 11:28
* Description:
*/
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService{
private BookDao bookDao;
private UserDao userDao;
public void setBookDao(BookDaoImpl1 bookDao) {
this.bookDao=bookDao;
}
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
public void save() {
System.out.println("bookService save...");
bookDao.save();
userDao.save();
}
}
package com.practice;
import com.practice.dao.BookDao;
import com.practice.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
* @Author YJ
* @Date 2023/7/26 11:32
* Description:
*/
public class AppForDiSet {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取IoC容器
ApplicationContext act = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
BookService bookService = (BookService) act.getBean("bookService");
bookService.save();
}
}
1.2引用类型(基本数据类型与String)
- 配置中使用
property
标签value
属性注入简单数据类型
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.practice.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl1">
<property name="databaseName" value="mysql"/>
<property name="connectionNum" value="5"/>
</bean>
<bean id="userDao" class="com.practice.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
<bean id="bookService" class="com.practice.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
<property name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
</bean>
</beans>
- 在bean中定义引用类型属性并提供可访问的
set
方法
package com.practice.dao.impl;
import com.practice.dao.BookDao;
/**
* @Author YJ
* @Date 2023/7/26 11:24
* Description:
*/
public class BookDaoImpl1 implements BookDao {
private int connectionNum;
private String databaseName;
public void setConnectionNum(int connectionNum) {
this.connectionNum = connectionNum;
}
public void setDatabaseName(String databaseName) {
this.databaseName = databaseName;
}
public void save() {
System.out.println("bookDao save~" + databaseName + "," + connectionNum);
}
}
package com.practice;
import com.practice.dao.BookDao;
import com.practice.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
* @Author YJ
* @Date 2023/7/26 11:40
* Description:
*/
public class AppForDiSet {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取IoC容器
ApplicationContext act = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
BookService bookService = (BookService) act.getBean("bookService");
bookService.save();
}
}
二、构造器注入
1.1简单类型
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.practice.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl1"/>
<bean id="userDao" class="com.practice.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
<bean id="bookService" class="com.practice.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
<constructor-arg name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
<constructor-arg name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
</bean>
</beans>
package com.practice.service.impl;
import com.practice.dao.BookDao;
import com.practice.dao.UserDao;
import com.practice.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl1;
import com.practice.service.BookService;
/**
* @Author YJ
* @Date 2023/7/25 11:28
* Description:
*/
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService{
private BookDao bookDao;
private UserDao userDao;
/**
* 构造方法
* @param bookDao
* @param userDao
*/
public BookServiceImpl(BookDao bookDao, UserDao userDao) {
this.bookDao = bookDao;
this.userDao = userDao;
}
public void save() {
System.out.println("bookService save...");
bookDao.save();
userDao.save();
}
}
public class AppForDiSet {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取IoC容器
ApplicationContext act = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
BookService bookService = (BookService) act.getBean("bookService");
bookService.save();
}
}
1.2引用类型(基本数据类型与String)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.practice.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl1">
<constructor-arg name="databaseName" value="mysql"/>
<constructor-arg name="connectionNum" value="56"/>
</bean>
<bean id="userDao" class="com.practice.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
<bean id="bookService" class="com.practice.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
<constructor-arg name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
<constructor-arg name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
</bean>
</beans>
package com.practice.dao.impl;
import com.practice.dao.BookDao;
/**
* @Author YJ
* @Date 2023/7/25 11:24
* Description:
*/
public class BookDaoImpl1 implements BookDao {
private int connectionNum;
private String databaseName;
/**
* 构造方法
* @param connectionNum
* @param databaseName
*/
public BookDaoImpl1(int connectionNum, String databaseName) {
this.connectionNum = connectionNum;
this.databaseName = databaseName;
}
public void save() {
System.out.println("bookDao save~" + databaseName + ", " + connectionNum);
}
}
public class AppForDiSet {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取IoC容器
ApplicationContext act = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
BookService bookService = (BookService) act.getBean("bookService");
bookService.save();
}
}
<!--解决形参名称问题,与形参不耦合了-->
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.practice.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl1">
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="mysql"/>
<constructor-arg type="int" value="56"/>
</bean>
<bean id="userDao" class="com.practice.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
<bean id="bookService" class="com.practice.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
<constructor-arg name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
<constructor-arg name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
</bean>
<!--解决参数类型重复问题,使用位置解决参数匹配-->
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.practice.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl1">
<constructor-arg index="1" value="mysql"/>
<constructor-arg index="0" value="516"/>
</bean>
<bean id="userDao" class="com.practice.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
<bean id="bookService" class="com.practice.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
<constructor-arg name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
<constructor-arg name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
</bean>
三、依赖注入方式选择
- 1.强制依赖使用构造器进行,使用setter注入有概率不进行注入导致null对象出现
- 2.可选择依赖使用setter注入进行,灵活性强
- 3.Spring框架倡导使用构造器,第三方框架内部大多数采用构造器注入的形式进行数据初始化,相对严谨
- 4.如果有必要可以两者同时使用,使用构造器注入完成强制依赖的注入,使用setter注入完成可选依赖的注入
- 5.实际开发过程中还要根据实际情况分析,如果受控对象没有提供setter方法就必须使用构造器注入
- 6.自己开发的模块推荐使用setter注入
四、自动装配
- IoC容器根据bean所依赖的资源在容器中自动查找并注入到bean的过程称为自动装配
- 方式:
-
- 按类型
-
- 按名称
-
- 按构造方法
-
- 不启用自动装配
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.practice.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl2"/>
<bean id="bookService" class="com.practice.service.impl.BookServiceImpl1" autowire="byType"/>
public class BookDaoImpl2 implements BookDao {
public void save() {
System.out.println("bookDao save~" );
}
}
public class BookServiceImpl1 implements BookService {
private BookDao bookDao;
public void save() {
System.out.println("bookService save...");
bookDao.save();
}
public void setBookDao(BookDaoImpl2 bookDao) {
this.bookDao = bookDao;
}
}
public class AppForDiSet {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取IoC容器
ApplicationContext act = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
BookService bookService = (BookService) act.getBean("bookService");
bookService.save();
}
}
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.practice.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl2"/>
<bean id="bookService" class="com.practice.service.impl.BookServiceImpl1" autowire="byName"/>
public class BookServiceImpl1 implements BookService {
private BookDao bookDao;
public void save() {
System.out.println("bookService save...");
bookDao.save();
}
public void setBookDao(BookDaoImpl2 bookDao) {
this.bookDao = bookDao;
}
}
依赖自动装配特征
- 自动装配用于引用类型依赖注入,不能对简单类型进行操作
- 使用按类型装配时必须保证容器中相同类型的bean值唯一,推荐使用
- 使用按名称装配时必须保证容器中具有指定名称的bean,因变量名与配置耦合,不推荐使用
- 自动装配优先级低于setter注入与构造器注入,同时出现时自动装配失效
总结
通过这篇文章我们掌握了几个比较方便的注入方式,这在之后的注解开发会经常用到,欢迎各位点赞+关注!!!